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Study of various tools

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Sunil Kumar

This document provides descriptions of various mechanical tools. It discusses 20 different tools including fixed spanners, ring spanners, adjustable spanners, socket sets, pliers, nose pliers, pipe wrenches, hammers, screwdrivers, calipers, micrometers, torque wrenches, tachometers and others. For each tool, it explains what the tool is used for and may provide additional details about parts and uses. The overall purpose is to educate students on the working and types of common mechanical tools.

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SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT & GRAMOTHAN, JAIPUR. 3ME8-Basic Mechanical Engineering Lab. EXPERIMENT No. Study of the various mechanical tools Objectives :- After doing the experiment, student will be able to i) Know the working of different tools. ii) Recognise the different types of tools Theory A handtool is device oran instrumentusdtodo a particularjobby an individual withoutrequirementof any motoror external powersource. Some of the widelyusedtoolsare explainedbelow : 1. Fix spanners 2. Ringspanners 3. Adjustable spanner 4. Socketset 5. Plier 6. Nose plier 7. Pipe wrench 8. Hammer 9. Screwdrivers 10. Micrometer 11. Tachometer 12. Torque wrench 13. Feelergauge 14. Taps 15. Dies 16. Reamers 17. Innercaliper 18. Outercaliper 19. Electrictester 20. Vernier caliper 21. Flaringtools 1. Fix Spanner : These are hand tools with a handle carrying jaws or a hole of particular shapeand size designed to grip a nut or bolt head, to hold or twist than,
these are available in set of 6 pieces, 9 pieces, 12 pieces, 15 pieces, 18 pieces, 24 pieces. On the ends numbers are mentioned like 12, 13, 15, 17, 16, 18, 21, 23. They indicate a sizeof (number/24), for example A spanner of nuber 17 indicates the sizeby (17/24) inch. 2. Ring spanner : It’s a hexagonal ring jaw comprising of 12 pieces spanner set. They are used tightening and loosening nuts and bolts. They are agan available in set of 6 pieces, 9 pieces and so on like fix spanners. 3. Adjustable spanner : An adjustablespanner or wrench is a spanner with a jaw of adjustable width, allowing it to be used to fasten different sizes of nuts, bolts, etc. Itis also known as shifting spanner. 4. Socket set : A socketset can be 12 or 24 pieces. Details of 24 pieces socket set are following : a) Socket=19 b) Ratchet=1 c) Extension bar=2 d) Universaljoint=1 The sizes of sockets are in American standards i.e. in mm. 4(A) Sockets These are available in different sizes in mm. A socketis attached to the ratchet and is used for loosing or tightening nuts and bolts. 4(B) Ratchet Itconsistof a handle with a ratcheting mechanism built in, so it can be turned only in back or forth direction. A socket has a cup shaped fitting that grips the head of bolt and set on the fitting on the ratchet. 5. Pliers : Pliers are hand tools used to hold objectfirmly for bending or physical compressing. Itconsistof a pair of metal first class lever joined at a fulcrumposition closer to one end of the levers scaling shortjaws one side of fulcrumand longer handles on the other side. Hence, enabling to
handle object with precision. Pliers are generally made of steel alloy with additives such as vanadiumor chromiumto improve strength and prevent corrosion. 6. Nose pliers : Nose plier can have needle type nosealso called as long noseplier, pinch noseplier. Nose plier are used by electricians and other trade men. 7. Pipe wrench: Itis an adjustablewrench with a long handle. Itis used for holding the objects or for tightening and loosening the nuts and bolts of different sizes. 8. Hammers : A hammer is a tool meant to deliver on impact to an object commonly used to dividing nails, fitting pants and breaking the objects. 9. Screwdrivers : Itis a tool for driving screw. The screw driver aremade up of a hand or tip which engages with a screw. Italso consistof a cylindrical handle which is to be hold by human hand. Itis made from chrom-vanadium steel is available in various sizes. 10.Calliper : Itis a divice used to measuredistance between the opposite sides of an object. The sizeof the caliper are adjusted to fit across thepoint to be measured,thecaliper is then removed and distance read by measuring between tips with a measuring tool which as ruler. Types of caliper : a) Insidecaliper b) Outsidecaliper c) Vernier caliper 11.Micrometer : Itis a device incorporating a calibrated screw used widely for precise measurement of small distance. i) Frame: C shaped body helds the anvil and barrel in constant relation each other. Itis thick because it needs to minimizw
flexion expansion and contraction which would distort the measurement. ii) Anvil : The shining part that the spindlemoves towards and that sampleagainst. iii) Sleeve /barrel/stockes : Stationary round parts with linear scale on it. iv) Locknut/lockring/thimblelock : This partthat can tighter to hold the spindlestationary. v) Screw : Itis heart of micrometer and is inside the barrel. vi) Spindle : The sling cylinder part that the thumble cause to move towards the anvil. vii) Thumble : The part that ones thumb turns. viii) Ratchet stop : Device on end of the handle or thumble that limits applied pressureby slipping at calibrated torque generally least count of 0.01 mm. 12. Torque wrench: Itis a tool used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fasteners. Such as nuts or bolts. Itis usually in the formof socketwrench with special internal mechanism. Itwas designed to preventover tightening bolts. 13.Techometer : Itis an electronic device used to measurerevolution per minute. Its tip is applied to rotating shaftat the point. Its axis passes through the tip also rotates and that tachometer show the reading for revolution of shaftper minute.

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Study of various tools

  • 1. SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT & GRAMOTHAN, JAIPUR. 3ME8-Basic Mechanical Engineering Lab. EXPERIMENT No. Study of the various mechanical tools Objectives :- After doing the experiment, student will be able to i) Know the working of different tools. ii) Recognise the different types of tools Theory A handtool is device oran instrumentusdtodo a particularjobby an individual withoutrequirementof any motoror external powersource. Some of the widelyusedtoolsare explainedbelow : 1. Fix spanners 2. Ringspanners 3. Adjustable spanner 4. Socketset 5. Plier 6. Nose plier 7. Pipe wrench 8. Hammer 9. Screwdrivers 10. Micrometer 11. Tachometer 12. Torque wrench 13. Feelergauge 14. Taps 15. Dies 16. Reamers 17. Innercaliper 18. Outercaliper 19. Electrictester 20. Vernier caliper 21. Flaringtools 1. Fix Spanner : These are hand tools with a handle carrying jaws or a hole of particular shapeand size designed to grip a nut or bolt head, to hold or twist than,
  • 2. these are available in set of 6 pieces, 9 pieces, 12 pieces, 15 pieces, 18 pieces, 24 pieces. On the ends numbers are mentioned like 12, 13, 15, 17, 16, 18, 21, 23. They indicate a sizeof (number/24), for example A spanner of nuber 17 indicates the sizeby (17/24) inch. 2. Ring spanner : It’s a hexagonal ring jaw comprising of 12 pieces spanner set. They are used tightening and loosening nuts and bolts. They are agan available in set of 6 pieces, 9 pieces and so on like fix spanners. 3. Adjustable spanner : An adjustablespanner or wrench is a spanner with a jaw of adjustable width, allowing it to be used to fasten different sizes of nuts, bolts, etc. Itis also known as shifting spanner. 4. Socket set : A socketset can be 12 or 24 pieces. Details of 24 pieces socket set are following : a) Socket=19 b) Ratchet=1 c) Extension bar=2 d) Universaljoint=1 The sizes of sockets are in American standards i.e. in mm. 4(A) Sockets These are available in different sizes in mm. A socketis attached to the ratchet and is used for loosing or tightening nuts and bolts. 4(B) Ratchet Itconsistof a handle with a ratcheting mechanism built in, so it can be turned only in back or forth direction. A socket has a cup shaped fitting that grips the head of bolt and set on the fitting on the ratchet. 5. Pliers : Pliers are hand tools used to hold objectfirmly for bending or physical compressing. Itconsistof a pair of metal first class lever joined at a fulcrumposition closer to one end of the levers scaling shortjaws one side of fulcrumand longer handles on the other side. Hence, enabling to
  • 3. handle object with precision. Pliers are generally made of steel alloy with additives such as vanadiumor chromiumto improve strength and prevent corrosion. 6. Nose pliers : Nose plier can have needle type nosealso called as long noseplier, pinch noseplier. Nose plier are used by electricians and other trade men. 7. Pipe wrench: Itis an adjustablewrench with a long handle. Itis used for holding the objects or for tightening and loosening the nuts and bolts of different sizes. 8. Hammers : A hammer is a tool meant to deliver on impact to an object commonly used to dividing nails, fitting pants and breaking the objects. 9. Screwdrivers : Itis a tool for driving screw. The screw driver aremade up of a hand or tip which engages with a screw. Italso consistof a cylindrical handle which is to be hold by human hand. Itis made from chrom-vanadium steel is available in various sizes. 10.Calliper : Itis a divice used to measuredistance between the opposite sides of an object. The sizeof the caliper are adjusted to fit across thepoint to be measured,thecaliper is then removed and distance read by measuring between tips with a measuring tool which as ruler. Types of caliper : a) Insidecaliper b) Outsidecaliper c) Vernier caliper 11.Micrometer : Itis a device incorporating a calibrated screw used widely for precise measurement of small distance. i) Frame: C shaped body helds the anvil and barrel in constant relation each other. Itis thick because it needs to minimizw
  • 4. flexion expansion and contraction which would distort the measurement. ii) Anvil : The shining part that the spindlemoves towards and that sampleagainst. iii) Sleeve /barrel/stockes : Stationary round parts with linear scale on it. iv) Locknut/lockring/thimblelock : This partthat can tighter to hold the spindlestationary. v) Screw : Itis heart of micrometer and is inside the barrel. vi) Spindle : The sling cylinder part that the thumble cause to move towards the anvil. vii) Thumble : The part that ones thumb turns. viii) Ratchet stop : Device on end of the handle or thumble that limits applied pressureby slipping at calibrated torque generally least count of 0.01 mm. 12. Torque wrench: Itis a tool used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fasteners. Such as nuts or bolts. Itis usually in the formof socketwrench with special internal mechanism. Itwas designed to preventover tightening bolts. 13.Techometer : Itis an electronic device used to measurerevolution per minute. Its tip is applied to rotating shaftat the point. Its axis passes through the tip also rotates and that tachometer show the reading for revolution of shaftper minute.