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Subdivision Theory 
By Brian Sharp (GAMASUTRA) 
伎
Geris Game 
Pixar, Siggraph98 
+ 蠍一レ讀 
Subdivision Surfaces  
伎ろ襴2蠍一覦螻 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IYRC7g2ICg
Subdivision Surfaces 
Polygonal Model 伎surface 襯狩覦 
覈: 启Μ螻Polygon讌蟯+ NURBS覿 
(Poly. Model豌)手/ 螳启Μ螻る螳 
(Poly. Model螻朱るゴ蟆) 覯渚蟆覿危覃危螳 
Coarse / deltailedlevel 襦蟆蠏手
In this 
Entirely theory! 
襴讀覓朱Implementation .. 
∬碓谿渚覈螻朱襴覈蠍磯蓋企企る讌 
磯Μ蟆讌覈詩.. 
But, れ覈語螳螻殊曙蟆磯Μ螳れ蟆襷る覦襯瑚屋蟆譴
The What and the why 
What? 
Surface generated through subdivision. 
Control net 企手覿襯企original polygonal surface  
Surface 豢螳polygon碁 
覈vertices 伎襭一磯殊企 
企覦scheme 襷るるゴ螻, 企逢surface property 襯手屋
Topology 
Control net 螻eventual surface(朱limit surface)topology  
Topology? 
Surface 蟲譟磯ゼ覓覦覯譴 
Stretching 企twisting 企讌 
Ex : 螻(′願襴) 襾瑚係Topology 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology#mediaviewer/File:Mug_and_Torus_morph.gif
Topology , Subdivision surfaces 
B-spline 企Besizer豺襦覘螳覲旧″surface れ覈碁蟆曙蟇磯覿螳ロ. 
∬り願姥覃伎蟆continuity 襯殊讌蠍一企糾, 覈詩覃patch 螳seam creases 蠍壱artifacts 覦螳 
Subdivision surfaces mesh(closed覃企譬)伎煙願モtopology 襦蟲焔伎 
Mesh surface 襯朱れ企願鍵覓語continuity 伎seam覿襯手臼control net 覃伎
The basics 
Continuity 
Interpolate / Approximate 
Uniform / Non-uniform 
Stationary / Non-stationary 
Subdivision shape 
Extraordinary vertices
The basics : Continuity 
CnContinuity : 朱襷覩碁一瑚襯狩 
C0: 一碁碁伎. 
C1: 1谿覩碁一. Surface. Tangent 螳一 
Sharp seam 伎ヾ讌 
る覿覿scheme C1 continuity 襯手讌螻 
C2: 2谿覩碁一. 轟豺C2cont. 襯手讌朱, 覿覿C1cont. 襯殊狩轟煙朱螳讌 
Subdivision surfaces 蠍一螳ル┝螻ろ煙continuity
The basics : Continuity 
CnContinuity : 朱襷覩碁一瑚襯狩 
C0: 一碁碁伎. 
C1: 1谿覩碁一. Surface. Tangent 螳一 
Sharp seam 伎ヾ讌 
る覿覿scheme C1 continuity 襯手讌螻 
C2: 2谿覩碁一. 轟豺C2cont. 襯手讌朱, 覿覿C1cont. 襯殊狩轟煙朱螳讌 
Subdivision surfaces 蠍一螳ル┝螻ろ煙continuity
The basics : Continuity 
CnContinuity : 朱襷覩碁一瑚襯狩 
C0: 一碁碁伎. 
C1: 1谿覩碁一. Surface. Tangent 螳一 
Sharp seam 伎ヾ讌 
る覿覿scheme C1 continuity 襯手讌螻 
C2: 2谿覩碁一. 轟豺C2cont. 襯手讌朱, 覿覿C1cont. 襯殊狩轟煙朱螳讌 
Subdivision surfaces 蠍一螳ル┝螻ろ煙continuity
The basics : Continuity 
Subdivision surfaces 螳Continuity襯殊讌蠍磯覓語 
覈語朱襷启Μ螻れ朱襷れ蟯, 
豺企手朱覈瑚蟾企り螳蟯, 
Display resolution 伎朱讌蟯 
伎limit surface 襯殊詞.
The basics : To interpolate or not 
Interpolate 
Approximate 
Controlpoint 豺 
Limit surface 譟伎 
Limit surface 碁譟伎 
Controlpoint 企 
企 
limit surfaces螳蟾讌 
Smoothness 
觜蟲讌 
Undulation, ripple 伎伎 
->螻朱伎 
蟆郁骸覓殊豸 
豕譬limit surface豢豸′ 
豕譬limit surface豢豸′企れ
The basics : Uniform, Stationary 
Uniform : 覈Control point 螳狩蠏豺朱subdivided 
Non-uniform : edge 襷ろ磯朱るジ蠏豺螳 
Stationary : 覈step 狩蠏豺朱subdivided 
Non-stationary : step 襷ろ磯朱るジ蠏豺螳 
Non-uniform 企non-stationary scheme覲襦. 
螻手伎rule set 朱覦蠑瑚鍵企れ
The basics : Subdivision shape 
Triangular or Quadrilateral 
Quadrilateral : 覿覿n-sided subdivide rule螳讌螻 
Triangular : 朱覿手朱讓手subdivide  
讓手蟇伎曙襷, 讓手覦覯磯殊譬蟆郁骸覓朱殊
The basics : Extraordinary vertices 
Vertex Valance : vertex 覲郁屋edge  
Subdivision scheme 覲一Vertex valance 譴 
Extraordinary vertex(valance, 蟲譟一磯)譯朱limit surface煙レ譴 
覿覿scheme れExtraordinary vertex襯手ろ讌 
豌覿一ヾEV 螳豕譬蟆郁骸覓殊蟾讌覲讌螻
The basics : Surface evaluation 
Limit surface polygonal approximation谿剰鍵 
Control net 企り, 
Vertices 襯殊螳螻, 
Faces 襯朱襷, 蟆讓手 
朱襦語
The basics : Surface evaluation 
覈scheme recursive 蟆evaluation 
, 覿覿scheme 覈朱control pointevaluation 
Interpolating schemes 蟆曙vertex tangent mask 襯殊伎企朱surface normal 蟲る蟆覩 
Approximating scheme 蟆曙Evaluation mask 襯殊伎企朱vertex limit position 蟲る蟆覩 
襷ろろり骸企, 譯朱朱襷vertex 螳豕譬蟆郁骸(豺, 碁押)レ殊讌襯狩
1. The Polyhedral Scheme
The Polyhedral Scheme 
∬リsubdivision scheme 
Triangular, interpolating, uniform, stationary 
Edge 譴螳襦vertices 豢螳企ゼedge 襦郁屋手り襦碁 
: smooth surface 焔螳 
Control net 襯殊覲蟆渚讌 
C0continuity 
Valance : 6
The Polyhedral Scheme 
Point 螳企limit surfaces 蠍磯覓語evaluation mask 螳 
Surface螳smooth 讌蠍磯覓語tangent mask 覩語
2. The Butterfly Subdivision Scheme
Butterfly subdivision scheme 
Polyhedral scheme 螻殊, but C1continuity 
≒A Butterfly Subdivision Scheme for Surface Interpolation with Tension Control, 1990, Dyn, Levin and Gregory 
Evaluation mask 螳觜覈 
Interpolating, Triangular 
W : tension parameter
Butterfly subdivision scheme 
襷, vertices 蟲譟郁butterfly 螳覃(N less than 5)? 
∬係譯朱w = -1/16蟆語覲るジ覦覯伎 
企一譯朱smooth 讌螳覦 
一ろ碁ゼ觜′蟆
2.2. Modified Butterfly Scheme
Modified Butterfly Scheme 
1993, Dynand his colleagues 
∬鍵覲瑚絵Original 螻殊 
Regular valence of vertices -6 
覈豺C1 continuity 焔 
8-point stencil 10-point stencil襦 
豢螳d weight 襷a 谿螳 
豐weight 1
Modified Butterfly Scheme 
Extraordinary vertex care 伎 
Edge 讓暑Extraordinary vertex 手化 
∬end point 願壱蠏螳
3. Catmull-clarkSubdivision Surfaces
Catmull-Clark surfaces 
Quadrilateral and approximating 
Regular vertices : valence 4 
(朱quadrilateral surfacerectangular grid)
Catmull-Clark surfaces 
Vertex Addition (3 steps) 
1.りcontrol point 蠏螳朱蟲譴FacePoints豢螳 
a 
b 
c 
d 
e 
f 
g 
h
Catmull-Clark surfaces 
Vertex Addition (3 steps) 
1.りcontrol point 蠏螳朱蟲譴FacePoints豢螳 
2.螳old edge 襷, end vertices 襷譯狩FacePoints蠏螳朱蟲譴edge points 豢螳 
a 
b 
c 
d 
e 
f 
g 
h 
i
Catmull-Clark surfaces 
Vertex Addition (3 steps) 
1.りcontrol point 蠏螳朱蟲譴FacePoints豢螳 
2.螳old edge 襷, end vertices 襷譯狩FacePoints蠏螳朱蟲譴edge points 豢螳 
a 
b 
c 
d 
e 
f 
g 
h 
i 
j 
l 
k
Catmull-Clark surfaces 
Vertex Addition (3 steps) 
2.螳old edge 襷, end vertices 襷譯狩FacePoints蠏螳朱蟲譴edge points 豢螳 
3.Old vertices れ譯殊伎磯殊企覈vertices れ襦edge 襦郁屋
Catmull-Clark surfaces 
轟伎1.-Quadrilateral 伎螻褐subdivision 
襦蠍face vertex k( !=4 ) 螳襦edge vertices 郁屋 
-> extraordinary vertices 螳subdivision 譴覦 
∬係覲伎企蟆襷朱讌. 
轟伎2. 
Single step 覈control net faces quadrilateral 企 
-> 豌step覯襷extraordinary vertex 螳豢螳
Catmull-Clark surfaces
Catmull-Clark surfaces 
Evaluation mask 
For vertex of valence N 
Tangent mask 
Surface normal : cross product of t0and t1 
* 豌subdivision e, f 覿螳
Catmull-Clark surfaces 
覈step 讌Catmull-clarksubdivision surfaces
3.2. Catmull-clarkExtended
Catmull-Clark Extended 
曙Geris game 覃伎original 襷蟆 
Subdivision 轟譟郁唄磯sharp semi-sharp crease 螳讌 
一ろ瑚覈碁覈朱edge vertex 讌螳 
Geri 朱(譯朱螳暑)譯朱蠍一伎 
旧豢螳磯, scheme 焔殊 
Non-uniform, non-stationary 
企一煙覲覓語In game 蠍一企れ
れ覦(襷..) 
Implementing Subdivision Surface Theory 
殊碁殊るジ壱in GAMASUTRA 
轟, るジsubdivision scheme螳 
Loop subdivision, Doo-sabinsubdivision

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OutSystems User Group Utrecht February 2025.pdf
OutSystems User Group Utrecht February 2025.pdfOutSystems User Group Utrecht February 2025.pdf
OutSystems User Group Utrecht February 2025.pdf
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Subdivision theory

  • 1. Subdivision Theory By Brian Sharp (GAMASUTRA) 伎
  • 2. Geris Game Pixar, Siggraph98 + 蠍一レ讀 Subdivision Surfaces 伎ろ襴2蠍一覦螻 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IYRC7g2ICg
  • 3. Subdivision Surfaces Polygonal Model 伎surface 襯狩覦 覈: 启Μ螻Polygon讌蟯+ NURBS覿 (Poly. Model豌)手/ 螳启Μ螻る螳 (Poly. Model螻朱るゴ蟆) 覯渚蟆覿危覃危螳 Coarse / deltailedlevel 襦蟆蠏手
  • 4. In this Entirely theory! 襴讀覓朱Implementation .. ∬碓谿渚覈螻朱襴覈蠍磯蓋企企る讌 磯Μ蟆讌覈詩.. But, れ覈語螳螻殊曙蟆磯Μ螳れ蟆襷る覦襯瑚屋蟆譴
  • 5. The What and the why What? Surface generated through subdivision. Control net 企手覿襯企original polygonal surface Surface 豢螳polygon碁 覈vertices 伎襭一磯殊企 企覦scheme 襷るるゴ螻, 企逢surface property 襯手屋
  • 6. Topology Control net 螻eventual surface(朱limit surface)topology Topology? Surface 蟲譟磯ゼ覓覦覯譴 Stretching 企twisting 企讌 Ex : 螻(′願襴) 襾瑚係Topology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology#mediaviewer/File:Mug_and_Torus_morph.gif
  • 7. Topology , Subdivision surfaces B-spline 企Besizer豺襦覘螳覲旧″surface れ覈碁蟆曙蟇磯覿螳ロ. ∬り願姥覃伎蟆continuity 襯殊讌蠍一企糾, 覈詩覃patch 螳seam creases 蠍壱artifacts 覦螳 Subdivision surfaces mesh(closed覃企譬)伎煙願モtopology 襦蟲焔伎 Mesh surface 襯朱れ企願鍵覓語continuity 伎seam覿襯手臼control net 覃伎
  • 8. The basics Continuity Interpolate / Approximate Uniform / Non-uniform Stationary / Non-stationary Subdivision shape Extraordinary vertices
  • 9. The basics : Continuity CnContinuity : 朱襷覩碁一瑚襯狩 C0: 一碁碁伎. C1: 1谿覩碁一. Surface. Tangent 螳一 Sharp seam 伎ヾ讌 る覿覿scheme C1 continuity 襯手讌螻 C2: 2谿覩碁一. 轟豺C2cont. 襯手讌朱, 覿覿C1cont. 襯殊狩轟煙朱螳讌 Subdivision surfaces 蠍一螳ル┝螻ろ煙continuity
  • 10. The basics : Continuity CnContinuity : 朱襷覩碁一瑚襯狩 C0: 一碁碁伎. C1: 1谿覩碁一. Surface. Tangent 螳一 Sharp seam 伎ヾ讌 る覿覿scheme C1 continuity 襯手讌螻 C2: 2谿覩碁一. 轟豺C2cont. 襯手讌朱, 覿覿C1cont. 襯殊狩轟煙朱螳讌 Subdivision surfaces 蠍一螳ル┝螻ろ煙continuity
  • 11. The basics : Continuity CnContinuity : 朱襷覩碁一瑚襯狩 C0: 一碁碁伎. C1: 1谿覩碁一. Surface. Tangent 螳一 Sharp seam 伎ヾ讌 る覿覿scheme C1 continuity 襯手讌螻 C2: 2谿覩碁一. 轟豺C2cont. 襯手讌朱, 覿覿C1cont. 襯殊狩轟煙朱螳讌 Subdivision surfaces 蠍一螳ル┝螻ろ煙continuity
  • 12. The basics : Continuity Subdivision surfaces 螳Continuity襯殊讌蠍磯覓語 覈語朱襷启Μ螻れ朱襷れ蟯, 豺企手朱覈瑚蟾企り螳蟯, Display resolution 伎朱讌蟯 伎limit surface 襯殊詞.
  • 13. The basics : To interpolate or not Interpolate Approximate Controlpoint 豺 Limit surface 譟伎 Limit surface 碁譟伎 Controlpoint 企 企 limit surfaces螳蟾讌 Smoothness 觜蟲讌 Undulation, ripple 伎伎 ->螻朱伎 蟆郁骸覓殊豸 豕譬limit surface豢豸′ 豕譬limit surface豢豸′企れ
  • 14. The basics : Uniform, Stationary Uniform : 覈Control point 螳狩蠏豺朱subdivided Non-uniform : edge 襷ろ磯朱るジ蠏豺螳 Stationary : 覈step 狩蠏豺朱subdivided Non-stationary : step 襷ろ磯朱るジ蠏豺螳 Non-uniform 企non-stationary scheme覲襦. 螻手伎rule set 朱覦蠑瑚鍵企れ
  • 15. The basics : Subdivision shape Triangular or Quadrilateral Quadrilateral : 覿覿n-sided subdivide rule螳讌螻 Triangular : 朱覿手朱讓手subdivide 讓手蟇伎曙襷, 讓手覦覯磯殊譬蟆郁骸覓朱殊
  • 16. The basics : Extraordinary vertices Vertex Valance : vertex 覲郁屋edge Subdivision scheme 覲一Vertex valance 譴 Extraordinary vertex(valance, 蟲譟一磯)譯朱limit surface煙レ譴 覿覿scheme れExtraordinary vertex襯手ろ讌 豌覿一ヾEV 螳豕譬蟆郁骸覓殊蟾讌覲讌螻
  • 17. The basics : Surface evaluation Limit surface polygonal approximation谿剰鍵 Control net 企り, Vertices 襯殊螳螻, Faces 襯朱襷, 蟆讓手 朱襦語
  • 18. The basics : Surface evaluation 覈scheme recursive 蟆evaluation , 覿覿scheme 覈朱control pointevaluation Interpolating schemes 蟆曙vertex tangent mask 襯殊伎企朱surface normal 蟲る蟆覩 Approximating scheme 蟆曙Evaluation mask 襯殊伎企朱vertex limit position 蟲る蟆覩 襷ろろり骸企, 譯朱朱襷vertex 螳豕譬蟆郁骸(豺, 碁押)レ殊讌襯狩
  • 20. The Polyhedral Scheme ∬リsubdivision scheme Triangular, interpolating, uniform, stationary Edge 譴螳襦vertices 豢螳企ゼedge 襦郁屋手り襦碁 : smooth surface 焔螳 Control net 襯殊覲蟆渚讌 C0continuity Valance : 6
  • 21. The Polyhedral Scheme Point 螳企limit surfaces 蠍磯覓語evaluation mask 螳 Surface螳smooth 讌蠍磯覓語tangent mask 覩語
  • 22. 2. The Butterfly Subdivision Scheme
  • 23. Butterfly subdivision scheme Polyhedral scheme 螻殊, but C1continuity ≒A Butterfly Subdivision Scheme for Surface Interpolation with Tension Control, 1990, Dyn, Levin and Gregory Evaluation mask 螳觜覈 Interpolating, Triangular W : tension parameter
  • 24. Butterfly subdivision scheme 襷, vertices 蟲譟郁butterfly 螳覃(N less than 5)? ∬係譯朱w = -1/16蟆語覲るジ覦覯伎 企一譯朱smooth 讌螳覦 一ろ碁ゼ觜′蟆
  • 26. Modified Butterfly Scheme 1993, Dynand his colleagues ∬鍵覲瑚絵Original 螻殊 Regular valence of vertices -6 覈豺C1 continuity 焔 8-point stencil 10-point stencil襦 豢螳d weight 襷a 谿螳 豐weight 1
  • 27. Modified Butterfly Scheme Extraordinary vertex care 伎 Edge 讓暑Extraordinary vertex 手化 ∬end point 願壱蠏螳
  • 29. Catmull-Clark surfaces Quadrilateral and approximating Regular vertices : valence 4 (朱quadrilateral surfacerectangular grid)
  • 30. Catmull-Clark surfaces Vertex Addition (3 steps) 1.りcontrol point 蠏螳朱蟲譴FacePoints豢螳 a b c d e f g h
  • 31. Catmull-Clark surfaces Vertex Addition (3 steps) 1.りcontrol point 蠏螳朱蟲譴FacePoints豢螳 2.螳old edge 襷, end vertices 襷譯狩FacePoints蠏螳朱蟲譴edge points 豢螳 a b c d e f g h i
  • 32. Catmull-Clark surfaces Vertex Addition (3 steps) 1.りcontrol point 蠏螳朱蟲譴FacePoints豢螳 2.螳old edge 襷, end vertices 襷譯狩FacePoints蠏螳朱蟲譴edge points 豢螳 a b c d e f g h i j l k
  • 33. Catmull-Clark surfaces Vertex Addition (3 steps) 2.螳old edge 襷, end vertices 襷譯狩FacePoints蠏螳朱蟲譴edge points 豢螳 3.Old vertices れ譯殊伎磯殊企覈vertices れ襦edge 襦郁屋
  • 34. Catmull-Clark surfaces 轟伎1.-Quadrilateral 伎螻褐subdivision 襦蠍face vertex k( !=4 ) 螳襦edge vertices 郁屋 -> extraordinary vertices 螳subdivision 譴覦 ∬係覲伎企蟆襷朱讌. 轟伎2. Single step 覈control net faces quadrilateral 企 -> 豌step覯襷extraordinary vertex 螳豢螳
  • 36. Catmull-Clark surfaces Evaluation mask For vertex of valence N Tangent mask Surface normal : cross product of t0and t1 * 豌subdivision e, f 覿螳
  • 37. Catmull-Clark surfaces 覈step 讌Catmull-clarksubdivision surfaces
  • 39. Catmull-Clark Extended 曙Geris game 覃伎original 襷蟆 Subdivision 轟譟郁唄磯sharp semi-sharp crease 螳讌 一ろ瑚覈碁覈朱edge vertex 讌螳 Geri 朱(譯朱螳暑)譯朱蠍一伎 旧豢螳磯, scheme 焔殊 Non-uniform, non-stationary 企一煙覲覓語In game 蠍一企れ
  • 40. れ覦(襷..) Implementing Subdivision Surface Theory 殊碁殊るジ壱in GAMASUTRA 轟, るジsubdivision scheme螳 Loop subdivision, Doo-sabinsubdivision