Substance_and_Drug_abuse.pptx
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This document summarizes substance and drug abuse. It defines substance abuse and different types of drugs abused like depressants, hallucinogens, stimulants and opiates. It mentions that 35 million people worldwide suffer from drug use disorders and only 1 in 7 people receive treatment. It outlines the current situation, burden, signs and symptoms, causes from a familial and childhood perspective. It discusses a public health approach to define the problem, identify risk factors, develop and test interventions, and monitor impact. Key strategic priorities are outlined like reducing stigma and changing social norms. Treatment approaches discussed include behavioral counseling, medication, treatment for co-occurring issues, and long-term follow-up.
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- 1. Substance and Drug abuse Presented by: Hira Pahari (13) Ritu Adhikari (26) Susmita Dahal(39) 2nd year, 3rd sem BPH, 11th batch Presented to: Dr. Tulsi Ram Bhandari Associate Professor Pokhara University
- 2. Introduction Substance abuse: the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. Includes; drug abuse alcohol abuse (excessive use of alcohol which have negative results and is often a step away from dependence and addiction) tobacco abuse
- 3. Drug abuse: habitual use of drugs not needed for therapeutic purposes, solely to alter ones mood, affect, or state of consciousness, or to affect a boy function unnecessarily (as in laxative abuse). Includes drugs like; 1. Depressants (heroine, morphine) 2. Hallucinogen (marijuana, LSD) 3. Stimulants (cocaine and amphetamines) 4. Opiates (morphine, cocaine)
- 4. Current situation and burden WDR 2019: 35 million people worldwide suffer from drug use disorders while only 1 in 7 people receive treatment. In 2017, around 53.4 million people worldwide had used opioids. Cannabis, with an estimated 188 million people having used the drug in 2017. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 estimated that, globally, in 2017, there were 585,000 deaths and 42 million years of healthy life lost as a result of the use of drugs. Source : https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2019/June/world-drug-report-2019
- 5. In 2017, estimated global illicit manufacture of cocaine reached an all-time high of 1,976 tons ( by 25 % on the previous year). About 150,000 people are abusing drugs in Nepal (52 % are in the age group 15-24 years. It is said that drug addicts commit more than 50 million crimes a year in the world. Source: https://thehimalayantimes.com/opinion/drug-addiction-it-is-a-health- concern/?fbclid=IwAR1M0Os_HiE9hqrwWqw14nYCcJ7w7oF-u6_EBJ851W73JfysliFmfntuFLY
- 6. Sign and symptoms Giving up past activities such as sports, homework, or hanging out with new friends Declining grades Aggressiveness and irritability A significant change in mood or behavior Forgetfulness Disappearing money or valuables Feeling rundown, hopeless, depressed, or even suicidal
- 7. Sounding selfish and not caring about others Use of room deodorizers and incense Paraphernalia such as baggies, small boxes, pipes, and rolling paper Physical problems with unclear cause (for example, red eyes and slurred speech) Getting drunk or high on drugs on a regular basis Lying, particularly about how much alcohol or other drugs he or she is using
- 8. Avoiding friends or family in order to get drunk or high Planning drinking in advance, hiding alcohol, and drinking or using other drugs alone Having to drink more to get the same high Believing that in order to have fun you need to drink or use other drugs Frequent hangovers Pressuring others to drink or use other drugs
- 9. Taking risks, including sexual risks Having "blackouts," forgetting what he or she did the night before Constantly talking about drinking or using other drugs Getting in trouble with the law Drinking and driving Suspension or other problems at school or in the workplace for an alcohol- or drug-related incident
- 10. Causes 1. Familial causes chaotic home environment, ineffective parenting, lack of nurturing and parental attachment, parental drug use or addiction. 2. Childhood causes Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) antisocial personality disorder poor school performance and social coping skill
- 11. 3. Self medication 4. Gender based violence 5. Financial pressure
- 12. Public health approach Defines the problem through the systematic collection of data on the scope, characteristics, and consequences of substance misuse; Identifies the risk and protective factors that increase or decrease the risk for substance misuse and its consequences, and the factors that could be modified through interventions;
- 13. Works across the public and private sector to develop and test interventions that address social, environmental, or economic determinants of substance misuse and related health consequences; Supports broad implementation of effective prevention and treatment interventions and recovery supports in a wide range of settings;
- 14. Monitors the impact of these interventions on substance misuse and related problems as well as on risk and protective factors. Sources :https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/substance-abuse/1/public- health-based-approach
- 15. Public health practices paradigms Sources: https://www.astho.org/addictions/
- 16. Strategic priorities Reduce stigma and change social norms Increase protective factors and reduce risk factors in communities Strengthen multi-sectoral collaboration Improve prevention infrastructure Optimize the use of cross-sector data for decision making
- 17. Treatment Behavioral counselling Medication Medical devices and applications used to treat withdrawal symptoms or deliver skills training Evaluation and treatment for co-occurring mental health issues such as depression and anxiety Long-term follow-up to prevent relapse
- 18. THANK YOU!
Editor's Notes
- #3: Psychoactive drugs : act on CNS and changes brain function Illicit: not legally permitted or authorized; unlicensed; unlawful.