Sudden infant death syndrome
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected death of an infant that remains unexplained after a thorough autopsy. It peaks between 2-4 months of age and is more common in males. Risk factors include sleeping during the time when most deaths occur, between sleep and arousal at night. Recommendations to reduce risk include safe sleep practices and counseling parents.
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Night terrors are a parasomnia disorder characterized by intense fear and confusion during deep sleep. People experiencing night terrors may scream, kick, or fight while appearing awake but being unresponsive. After an episode, they have no memory of the event. Night terrors typically affect children between ages 2-12 and occur within an hour of falling asleep. Around 38% of children experience night terrors at some point. During an episode, the child may seem terrified but be impossible to fully wake or comfort.
INFANCY & CHILDHOOD DISORDER
INFANCY & CHILDHOOD DISORDERDr. Roopam Jain
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This document discusses infancy and childhood disorders, including congenital anomalies, prematurity, infections, fetal hydrops, inborn errors of metabolism, sudden infant death syndrome, and tumors. It provides details on SIDS, including definitions, incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors, and causes. It also summarizes common benign tumors like hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, and teratomas. For malignant tumors, it focuses on neuroblastoma, describing locations, morphology, clinical presentation, and genetics. It also summarizes Wilms tumor, discussing epidemiology, genetics, morphology, and clinical features.
antepartum haemorrhage
antepartum haemorrhageNidhil Narayanan
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Third trimester bleeding can be caused by conditions like placental abruption, placenta previa, and bloody show. Placenta previa is when the placenta implants over or near the cervical os, which can cause unavoidable bleeding as the cervix dilates. It is classified by how close the placenta is to the os. Placental abruption occurs when the placenta separates prematurely from the uterus, which can cause pain and bleeding. It is a serious emergency risking fetal and maternal health. Ultrasound and coagulation tests can help diagnose the cause of bleeding, and management depends on gestational age and fetal wellbeing.Recently uploaded (20)
MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY up load.pptx
MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY up load.pptxYIHENEW CHALLIE LIYEW
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Male animal reproductive physiology including sexual maturity ,reproductive hormone ,sperm production Asthma: Causes, Types, Symptoms & Management A Comprehensive Overview
Asthma: Causes, Types, Symptoms & Management A Comprehensive OverviewDr Aman Suresh Tharayil
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This presentation provides a detailed yet concise overview of Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It covers the definition, etiology (causes), different types, signs & symptoms, and common triggers of asthma. The content highlights both allergic (extrinsic) and non-allergic (intrinsic) asthma, along with specific forms like exercise-induced, occupational, drug-induced, and nocturnal asthma.
Whether you are a healthcare professional, student, or someone looking to understand asthma better, this presentation offers valuable insights into the condition and its management.Regulation of tubular reabsorption _AntiCopy.pdf
Regulation of tubular reabsorption _AntiCopy.pdfMedicoseAcademics
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Title: Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption A Comprehensive Overview
Description:
This lecture provides a detailed and structured explanation of the mechanisms regulating tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. It explores how different physiological and hormonal factors influence glomerular filtration and reabsorption rates, ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Who Should Read This?
This presentation is designed for:
鏝 Medical Students (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Allied Health Sciences) preparing for physiology exams.
鏝 Medical Educators & Professors looking for structured teaching material.
鏝 Healthcare Professionals (doctors, nephrologists, and physiologists) seeking a refresher on renal physiology.
鏝 Postgraduate Students & Researchers in the field of medical sciences and physiology.
What Youll Learn:
Local Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Glomerulo-Tubular Balance its mechanism and clinical significance
鏝 Net reabsorptive forces affecting peritubular capillaries
鏝 Role of peritubular hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures
Hormonal Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Effects of Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH, and Natriuretic Peptides
鏝 Clinical conditions like Addisons disease & Conn Syndrome
鏝 Mechanisms of pressure natriuresis and diuresis
Nervous System Regulation
鏝 Sympathetic Nervous System activation and its effects on sodium reabsorption
Clinical Correlations & Case Discussions
鏝 How renal regulation is altered in hypertension, hypotension, and proteinuria
鏝 Comparison of Glomerulo-Tubular Balance vs. Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback
This presentation provides detailed diagrams, flowcharts, and calculations to enhance understanding and retention. Whether you are studying, teaching, or practicing medicine, this lecture will serve as a valuable resource for mastering renal physiology.
Keywords for Easy Search:
#Physiology #RenalPhysiology #TubularReabsorption #GlomeruloTubularBalance #HormonalRegulation #MedicalEducation #NephrologyStability of Dosage Forms as per ICH Guidelines
Stability of Dosage Forms as per ICH GuidelinesKHUSHAL CHAVAN
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This presentation covers the stability testing of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to ICH guidelines (Q1A-Q1F). It explains the definition of stability, various testing protocols, storage conditions, and evaluation criteria required for regulatory submissions. Key topics include stress testing, container closure systems, stability commitment, and photostability testing. The guidelines ensure that pharmaceutical products maintain their identity, purity, strength, and efficacy throughout their shelf life. This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical professionals, researchers, and regulatory experts.MLS 208 - UNIT 1- Lecture Notes - ETANDO AYUK - SANU - Secured.pdf
MLS 208 - UNIT 1- Lecture Notes - ETANDO AYUK - SANU - Secured.pdfEswatini Medical Christian University - EMCU / Southern Nazarene University - SANU
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Unit 1: Introduction to Histological and Cytological techniques
Differentiate histology and cytology
Overview on tissue types
Function and components of the compound light microscope
Overview on common Histological Techniques:
o Fixation
o Grossing
o Tissue processing
o Microtomy
o Staining
o Mounting
Application of histology and cytology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Its Management Protocol
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Its Management ProtocolDr Anik Roy Chowdhury
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Dr. Anik Roy Chowdhury
MBBS, BCS(Health), DA, MD (Resident)
Department of Anesthesiology, ICU & Pain Medicine
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH)
Description of Beta thalassemia its cause and management.
Description of Beta thalassemia its cause and management.KIMS
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All about Beta Thalassemia etiology , pathology , manifestation and treatment & prevention..
Presentaci坦 "Projecte Benestar". MWC 2025
Presentaci坦 "Projecte Benestar". MWC 2025Badalona Serveis Assistencials
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Presentaci坦 que va acompanyar la demostraci坦 prctica de metge d'Innovaci坦 Jos辿 Ferrer sobre el projecte Benestar de BSA, nom d'IDIAP Pere Gol, el 5 de mar巽 de 2025 a l'estand de XarSMART al Mobible Word Congress. MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PNEUMONIA.....
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PNEUMONIA.....maheenmazhar021
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This presentation provides a detailed exploration of the morphological and microscopic features of pneumonia, covering its histopathology, classification, and clinical significance. Designed for medical students, pathologists, and healthcare professionals, this lecture differentiates bacterial vs. viral pneumonia, explains lobar, bronchopneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia, and discusses diagnostic imaging patterns.
Key Topics Covered:
Normal lung histology vs. pneumonia-affected lung
Morphological changes in lobar, bronchopneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia
Microscopic features: Fibroblastic plugs, alveolar septal thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration
Stages of lobar pneumonia: Congestion, Red hepatization, Gray hepatization, Resolution
Common causative pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma, etc.)
Clinical case study with diagnostic approach and differentials
Who Should Watch?
This is an essential resource for medical students, pathology trainees, and respiratory health professionals looking to enhance their understanding of pneumonias morphological aspects.PARIS SYSTEM FOR URINE CYTOLOGY paris system of reporting urine slidespptx
PARIS SYSTEM FOR URINE CYTOLOGY paris system of reporting urine slidespptxDrDivitasaxena1
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Paris system for reporting urine cytology
Local Anesthetic Use in the Vulnerable Patients
Local Anesthetic Use in the Vulnerable PatientsReza Aminnejad
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Local anesthetics are a cornerstone of pain management, but their use requires special consideration in vulnerable groups such as pediatric, elderly, diabetic, or obese patients. In this presentation, well explore how factors like age and physiology influence local anesthetics' selection, dosing, and safety. By understanding these differences, we can optimize patient care and minimize risks.
ECZEMA 3rd year notes with images .pptx
ECZEMA 3rd year notes with images .pptxAyesha Fatima
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If its not Itch Its not Eczema
Eczema is a group of medical conditions which causes inflammation and irritation to skin.
It is also called as Dermatitis
Eczema is an itchy consisting of ill defined erythremotous patches. The skin surface is usually scaly and As time progress, constant scratching leads to thickened lichenified skin.
Several classifications of eczemas are available based on Etiology, Pattern and chronicity.
According to aetiology Eczema are classified as:
Endogenous eczema: Where constitutional factors predispose the patient to developing an eczema.
Family history (maternal h/o eczema) is often present
Strong genetic predisposition (Filaggrin gene mutations are often present).
Filaggrin is responsible for maintaining moisture in skin (hence all AD patients have dry skin.
Immunilogical factor-Th-2 disease, Type I hypersensitivity (hence serum IgE high)
e.g., Seborrheic dermatitis, Statis dermatitis, Nummular dermatitis, Dyshidrotic Eczema
Exogenous eczema: Where external stimuli trigger development of eczema,
e.g., Irritant dermatitis, Allergic Dermatitis, Neurodermatitis,
Combined eczema: When a combination of constitutional factors and extrinsic triggers are responsible for the development of eczema
e.g., Atopic dermatitis
Extremes of Temperature
Irritants : Soaps, Detergents, Shower gels, Bubble baths and water
Stress
Infection either bacterial or viral,
Bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species.
Viral infections such as Herpes Simplex, Molluscum Contagiosum
Contact allergens
Inhaled allergens
Airborne allergens
Allergens include
Metals eg. Nickle, Cobalt
Neomycin, Topical ointment
Fragrance ingredients such as Balsam of Peru
Rubber compounds
Hair dyes for example p-Phenylediamine
Plants eg. Poison ivy .
Atopic Dermatitis : AD is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itchy inflamed skin.
Allergic Dermatitis: A red itchy weepy reaction where the skin has come in contact with a substance That immune system recognizes as foreign substances.
Ex: Poison envy, Preservatives from creams and lotions.
Contact Irritant Dermatitis: A Localized reaction that include redness, itching and burning where the skin has come In contact with an allergen or with irritant such as acid, cleaning agent or chemical.
Dyshidrotic Eczema: Irritation of skin on the palms and soles by
clear deep blisters that itch and burn.
Clinical Features; Acute Eczema:- Acute eczema is characterized by an erythematous and edematous plaque, which is ill-defined and is surmounted by papules, vesicles, pustules and exudate that dries to form crusts. A subsiding eczematous plaque may be covered with scales.
Chronic Eczema:- Chronic eczema is characterized by lichenification, which is a triad of hyperpigmentation, thickening markings. The lesions are less exudative and more scaly. Flexural lesions may develop fissures.
Pruritus
Characteristic Rash
Chronic or repeatedly occurring symptoms.Sudurpaschim logsewa aayog Medical Officer 8th Level Curriculum
Sudurpaschim logsewa aayog Medical Officer 8th Level CurriculumDr Ovels
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Sudurpaschim province psc ( lok sewa aayog) medical officer 8th level syllabusSAPIENT Medi-trivia Quiz (FINALS) | TRI-ORTA 2025
SAPIENT Medi-trivia Quiz (FINALS) | TRI-ORTA 2025Dr. Anindya
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Final Round of SAPIENT Medi-trivia quiz
Part of TRI-ORTA 2025
Venue: GLT, Medical College Kolkata
Date: 25-02-2025MLS 208 - UNIT 1- Lecture Notes - ETANDO AYUK - SANU - Secured.pdf
MLS 208 - UNIT 1- Lecture Notes - ETANDO AYUK - SANU - Secured.pdfEswatini Medical Christian University - EMCU / Southern Nazarene University - SANU
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Sudden infant death syndrome
- 2. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) Prepared by/ Eman Mahmoud Abdelrahman
- 3. Outlines DEFINITION INCIDENCE OF RISK FACTORS FOR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RISK REDUCTION AND COUNSELING
- 4. DEFINITION Sudden death of an infant or young child, which is unexpected by history, and in which a thorough post mortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause of death.
- 5. INCIDENCE OF a peak incidence at 2 to 4 months of age, male predominance, and the presence of intrathoracic petechiae infants under the age of 12 months linked the death to a sleep period (i.e., the time when the majority of deaths occurred)
- 6. NB it is unclear whether SIDS occurs during sleep itself or during the many transitions between sleep and arousal that occur during the night, since such deaths are typically not witnessed.
- 7. INCIDENCE OF
- 16. 愕ﾘ惆忰 悋 悋 ﾙ 惡ﾘ 惆惆ﾙ 悖 愆惆 惆 悖 惆 悒ﾙ 悒ﾙ 悖 惆惠 悖 愕惆惠 愃惆ﾘ悦ﾙ 悖 惠惆惡惡 悒ﾙ 惆 .