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Sunscreen

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AkashNawkhare

This document provides information about sunscreen, including its history, types of UV rays, sunscreen classifications, SPF ratings, and key ingredients. Ancient Egyptians used plant extracts for rudimentary sun protection. There are three types of UV rays: UVA causes aging, UVA causes sunburn and contributes to skin cancer, and UVC is blocked by the atmosphere. Sunscreens can be physical or chemical, with physical using ingredients like zinc oxide to scatter rays and chemical using ingredients like PABA to absorb rays. SPF ratings measure UVB ray protection, with higher SPF blocking more rays. Ingredients include avobenzoates, cinnamic acid derivatives, and salicylates. An ideal

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SUNSCREEN - Akash Nawkhare
Introduction Ancient Egyptians used extracts of rice, jasmine, and lupine plants. Again, these ingredients offered low levels of sun protection but were proven to be very beneficial to the skin and are still used in skin care products today. Sunscreen, also known as sunblock, is a lotion, spray, gel, foam (such as an expanded foam lotion or whipped lotion), stick or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.
Sunrays UVA (Longwave Radiation) (infrared rays) Range 320-400 nm Erythrogenic activity is weak. penetrates dermis Responsible for development of slow natural tan Most drug-induced photosensitivity rxn occurs
UVB (Middlewave Radiation)(visible rays) Range 290-320 nm Erythrogenic activity is the highest Produces new pigment formation, sunburn, Vit D synthesis Responsible for inducing skin cancer UVB rays will usually burn the superficial layers of your skin. It plays a key role in the development of skin cancer.
UVC (Shortwave or Germicidal Radiation) (ultraviolet rays) Range 100-290 nm. Does not reach the surface of the earth. Is emitted from artificial ultraviolet source
Long-term hazards of skin damage from radiation: Malignancy: Squamous cell epithelioma Actinic keratosis Basal cell carcinoma Premature aging nevus, seborrheic kerat
Sunscreen Classification Physical Opaque formulations containing: titanium dioxide talc, kaolin zinc oxide ferric chloride icthyol, red petrolatum Mechanism: scatters or reflects UV radiation due to large particle size
Chemical Formulations containing one or more: PABA, PABA esters benzophenones cinnamates salicylates digalloyl trioleate anthranilates Mechanism: absorbs UV radiation
SPF (sun protective factor) SPF, or Sun Protection Factor,is a measure of how well a sunscreen will protect skin from UVB rays, the kind of radiation that causes sunburn, damages skin, and can contribute to skin cancer. Sun Protection Factor (SPF) =MED of Photoprotected Skin/ MED of Unprotected Skin MED is minimum dose of radiation which produces erythema SPFs are determined indoors using xenon lamps which approximate the spectral quality of UV radiation SPF 15 blocks 93% of UVB rays SPF 30 blocks 97% of UVB rays SPF 50 blocks 98% of UVB rays
Sunscreen
Category Skin Type SPF 1. Always burns, never tans 15 > 2. Burns easily 15 3. Burns moderately, (avg caucasian) 10-15 4. Burns minimally, tans well (olive skin) 6-10 5. Rarely burns, tans profusely (brown skin) 4-6 6. Never burns (black skin) none
List of SPF agents Anthranilates(o-aminobenzoate) Azols Cinnamic acid derivatives Coumarin derivatives Diazoles and triazoles Dibenzalactone and bezal-acetophenone Dihydroxynapthalic acid derivative Quinoline salt Salicylates
Formula SUNTAN LOTION Glceryl p-aminobenzoate :-3.0% Propylene glycol ricinolate :-8.0% Glycerin :-10.0% Alcohol :-60.0% Perfume and color :- q.s (ability to absorb UV raysthe ones that cause sunburn) ( It imparts emolliency and softening characteristics to the skin) (Freezing action)
Ideal characteristics of sunscreen 1. It should be resistan to water and perspiration.. 2. Itshould allow full transmission of radiation in the range of 300 to 400 NM for tanning effect 3. It should be non volatile. 4. It should have suitable solubility characteristic in suitable vehicle. 5. It should be stable to heat light and perspiration. 6. It should be non toxic, non irritant and non sensitizing. 7. It should be capable of retaining its son scaling property for several hours. 8. It should not stain on body cloth. 9. It should be neutral.
Sunscreen
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Sunscreen

  • 2. Introduction Ancient Egyptians used extracts of rice, jasmine, and lupine plants. Again, these ingredients offered low levels of sun protection but were proven to be very beneficial to the skin and are still used in skin care products today. Sunscreen, also known as sunblock, is a lotion, spray, gel, foam (such as an expanded foam lotion or whipped lotion), stick or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.
  • 3. Sunrays UVA (Longwave Radiation) (infrared rays) Range 320-400 nm Erythrogenic activity is weak. penetrates dermis Responsible for development of slow natural tan Most drug-induced photosensitivity rxn occurs
  • 4. UVB (Middlewave Radiation)(visible rays) Range 290-320 nm Erythrogenic activity is the highest Produces new pigment formation, sunburn, Vit D synthesis Responsible for inducing skin cancer UVB rays will usually burn the superficial layers of your skin. It plays a key role in the development of skin cancer.
  • 5. UVC (Shortwave or Germicidal Radiation) (ultraviolet rays) Range 100-290 nm. Does not reach the surface of the earth. Is emitted from artificial ultraviolet source
  • 6. Long-term hazards of skin damage from radiation: Malignancy: Squamous cell epithelioma Actinic keratosis Basal cell carcinoma Premature aging nevus, seborrheic kerat
  • 7. Sunscreen Classification Physical Opaque formulations containing: titanium dioxide talc, kaolin zinc oxide ferric chloride icthyol, red petrolatum Mechanism: scatters or reflects UV radiation due to large particle size
  • 8. Chemical Formulations containing one or more: PABA, PABA esters benzophenones cinnamates salicylates digalloyl trioleate anthranilates Mechanism: absorbs UV radiation
  • 9. SPF (sun protective factor) SPF, or Sun Protection Factor,is a measure of how well a sunscreen will protect skin from UVB rays, the kind of radiation that causes sunburn, damages skin, and can contribute to skin cancer. Sun Protection Factor (SPF) =MED of Photoprotected Skin/ MED of Unprotected Skin MED is minimum dose of radiation which produces erythema SPFs are determined indoors using xenon lamps which approximate the spectral quality of UV radiation SPF 15 blocks 93% of UVB rays SPF 30 blocks 97% of UVB rays SPF 50 blocks 98% of UVB rays
  • 11. Category Skin Type SPF 1. Always burns, never tans 15 > 2. Burns easily 15 3. Burns moderately, (avg caucasian) 10-15 4. Burns minimally, tans well (olive skin) 6-10 5. Rarely burns, tans profusely (brown skin) 4-6 6. Never burns (black skin) none
  • 12. List of SPF agents Anthranilates(o-aminobenzoate) Azols Cinnamic acid derivatives Coumarin derivatives Diazoles and triazoles Dibenzalactone and bezal-acetophenone Dihydroxynapthalic acid derivative Quinoline salt Salicylates
  • 13. Formula SUNTAN LOTION Glceryl p-aminobenzoate :-3.0% Propylene glycol ricinolate :-8.0% Glycerin :-10.0% Alcohol :-60.0% Perfume and color :- q.s (ability to absorb UV raysthe ones that cause sunburn) ( It imparts emolliency and softening characteristics to the skin) (Freezing action)
  • 14. Ideal characteristics of sunscreen 1. It should be resistan to water and perspiration.. 2. Itshould allow full transmission of radiation in the range of 300 to 400 NM for tanning effect 3. It should be non volatile. 4. It should have suitable solubility characteristic in suitable vehicle. 5. It should be stable to heat light and perspiration. 6. It should be non toxic, non irritant and non sensitizing. 7. It should be capable of retaining its son scaling property for several hours. 8. It should not stain on body cloth. 9. It should be neutral.