![d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? k?<?s? ?|D¡ÜeTeTTT!
? ¨¹
?<?Xs?jT eTq<?T <?s¨¤? eTT
? ? ?? ? ?
<?X? dej?T ¨¬¡®¡¤? ??s¨¤? eTT!¦Ì
¨´
|¨°?H¨¦? : FINS- b¨°?s?yT |¨°sY ?+{??>f¡&¨¦ H?wq?? ?d¡Ö?L?]{¡ã
¨¦ ¨¹ ¦Ð ¨¹
<?X? s??D <?X? ?|¨¹? ?b?<¡Ç$T?? ??se?+¡ª ?|¨¹?¡Ö?? n~ ¡®?e??b?e¡Ý+ eTV¨¹¡ë ?|¨¹e¡Â<??s+. <?X? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?TT u??? <?+>¡À
?? ? ?? ?? ?
?+f?H? <?X?¨¬??, <?X? ?|¨¹?¡Ö?? s??D ?+¡ÝT+~. <?X? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T?? ?¡À|¨¹?¡Ü>¡À ?+&? ?d¨¬¡Ö?? >¡Æ¡Â]?, ?¡qT?? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T?
?? ? ¡¯ ¡¯
?b?+¡®¨ºqT |¨¹?D? ??? ¡®¨ºT>¡À u?¡Ü$+¡Ò ?|¨¹?T, j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤ ¡®¡¤s#¡Â d¨¹+<?]?d¨¹¡Â? ?+&?*. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T?? ¨¬ed?dTq? ?|¨¹?
¦Ð ? ¡¤ ? ¨¹?
??c??T ?|¨¹?+<?] ??c??T. <?X? s??D >¡ÆT]+¡Òq #?¡®q?+ <?X?? |¨¹?+<?]¡®¡Ì u¡Ü¡ÝT d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?>¡Àe¡Â ?|¨¹???q¡Â
?? ¡¯ ¡¤
?+&?*. ? |¨¹¨¬?¡Ìd¨¹+ @s??&?q d¨¹+d¨¹¨² ?|¨°H?¦Ì b¨°?s?yT |¨°sY ?+{??>f¡&¨¦ H?wq?? ?d¡Ö?L?]{¡ã. ?~ 2003?? #¡¤+&?>&??
? ¨¦ ¨¦ ¨¹ ¦Ð ¨¹ ¡Æ ¨¦?
@s??&?q~. 2005?? n?u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ d¨¹+d¨¹>¡À eTT+u¡?? s?¡Â|¨¹? ~<?T¡Ö?? q?~. e¡ÂJ ?d¨¬?¡À~??¡Às?TT`b??d¨¹T n~??¡Às?TT,
¨² ¡¯ ? ¡¯
?|¨¹uT?? ¡®¨º?~??¡Às?TT, H¨º?j¡¤TeT¡Âs?TT, H¨º?j¡¤Ty¨º<?T e+{? y?T<??e?¡®¡Ì ¨¢ d¨¹+d¨¹¨² @s??&?q~. 2010?? 1100 eT+~ <?X`$<?X?
? ?
?|¨¹?¨¬<?T¡®¡Ì V¨¹¡Ü]<??sY?? s+&?T s¡ÌE ?d$TH¨ºsY ?]¨C+~. <?X? u??? <?¡®`d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T u??? <?¡®?¡¤ |¡¯ #¡¤s?T ?]¨Cq$. ?|¨¹?&?T
? ? ¡¤ ? ?
2012?? ¡¦?? n<?T¡°¡è¡®¡¤ ?¡Às?????eT+¡®¡Ì |¨°H?¨¦ eTs¡Ì eTT+<?&T? >¡ÆT y?jT¡¤ T#¡¤Tq?~.
?
d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦?¡Ì ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ?d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? k?<?s? ?|¨¹D¡ÜeTeTTT¦Ì ¨´|s?T¡®¡Ì ?s?T>¡ÆT#¡¤Tq? ¨¢ ?¡Às?????eTeTT?? <?X+??¨¬
Y ¨¹ ? ?
n¨¬? ?b?+¡®¨ºqT+&? y??¡Ü~ j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤ ?j¡¤TT<?] d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?b?+¡®¨ºqT d¨¹+<?]?k??sT. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?b?+¡®¨ºqT |¨¹?D?¦Ð??? ¡®¨ºT>¡À
?
u?¡Ü$k??sT. n???&? ?|¨¹?qT <?e¡®¡¤T>¡À d¨¹+u?¡Ü$k??sT. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T?? #?¡®q?+ y?*$]¨´d?¡Ü d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? ?|¨¹D¡ÜeTeTTT
? ? ? ¡¯ ¡¤ ? ?
n]?k??sT. ?s?+&?! b??¡ìZq+&?!¦Ì n+¡Ý¡Â ?|¨°H?¦Ì j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤¡Ö? |?T|¨¹?¨¬d¨¹Tq?~.
? ? ¨¦ ? ?
eTq d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T d¨¹+<?X+`eT¡Þ? nK+&? u?¡Üs?¡®<X+!
? ? ¡¤ ? ?
u??eBj¡¤TTT
?|¨°H?¦Ì n? u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ ?¡Às??es?eTT
? ¨¦ Z
eTT+u¡¡¯
n<???¡Ö???T &?._. X??¡À¡®Y?sY (Lt.Gen.Rtd.)
?
?b?<???¡Ö???T $.m+.b?{??? (Lt.Gen.Rtd.)
mdt.?¡Ì??C? (Justice- Retd.)
qC¡Ü¨¤ ?V¡Ü|¨¹??¡Ü? (m+.|?.)
?
C¡.|?. s¨ºC?U?y¨º I.A.S. (Retd)
?|¨¹<?q ?¡Às??<?sT?T :
? ?
mdt.mH¨¦.<?X?sTT. (n&???{?)
¦Ð
X?c??~ #¨º]
?¡ÌX?~??¡À] : |¨¹H¨º??¡Ü?? u?Hk?*
? ¨¦
<?XdeT s??D+ ` <?X? $?¡Àd¨¹ ?¡Às?D+ !
? ¡± ??
2012 d¨¹+e¡®¡¤?s?+ u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ ?|¨¹?¡Ö?? <?X?¨¬?? eTV¨¹¡Ü¡®¡¤?|¨¹Ps?yTq~. b???k?¨²H¨¦ y?TT<?{? <?Ts¨º???eTD ?]¨C 65@??¨®,?
¨ª ??
#?H¨º <?Ts¨º???eTD ?]¨C 50 @??¨®,? u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ b?s?yT+¡ÝT ?|¡¯ r?ey¨º<?T <?&? ?]¨C 10 @??¨®,? |¨¹Ps?sTTq d¨¹+e¡®¡¤?s?+. 2003
¡¯ ? ? ?
d¨¹+e?s?+?? ?|¨°H?¦Ì (FINS- Forum for Intigrated National Security) d¨¹+d¨¹¨² k?¨²|+#¡¤?&?+~. |¨¹Ps?? ?d¨¬?¡À~??¡Às?TT,
? ¨¦ ? ¡¯](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/svkd-121123222539-phpapp02/85/Svkd-1-320.jpg)
![b??d¨¹T n~??¡Às?T, ?|¨¹uT?? ¡®¨º?~??¡Às?TT, H¨º?j¡¤TeT¡Âs?TT, s??D $X?wE¡®¡Ì u¡Ü¡ÝT ?|¨¹eTTK |¨¹???¡À s?#sTT¡®¡¤T, s¨ºC¡Ü?+>¡Æ
? ?? ¨¹ ? ¡¤
y?¡®T, <?X? u??yT<??e?T y?TT<?>¡ÆT ?|¨¹eTTKT?¡+<?s¡Ì eTT+<?T+&? ¨¢ d¨¹+d¨¹qT ¨¬s??V?¡Üd¨¹Tq?~. ¨¢ d¨¹+e¡®¡¤?s?+ ¡¦?? eTV¨¹¡Ü¡®¡¤s?
?¡¤ ? ?? ? ¨² ? ?
?¡Às?????e¡Â¨¬? ?d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? k?<?s? ?|¨¹D¡ÜeTeTTT¦Ì (d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦?¡Ì ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T) nH? ¨´|s?T¡®¡Ì ¨¬s??V?¡Üd¨¹TH¨º?s?T. ¨¢ ?¡Às?????eT
? Y ¨¹ ?
???? + d¨¹+???+ ??¡Ü e?+~.
C¡Ü>¡Æ¨¨¡®¡¤ d¨¹e¡Â?+ ` d¨¹Ts??¡®¡¤ ` $??d¡®¡¤ <?X+ !
?? ? ?
<?X? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?TT ?e+ ?qTr?> eTT??? ??+#?T ?¡Àe?¡ª <?X? nd?¡®?¡ÒV¨¹¡ë?T! |¨¹+¡Ýb??¡Ü u??? <?¡®¡Ö? ??+#? |¨¹{w+>¡À
? ¦Ð ? ¡¤ ¡¤? ? ?¨¹
?+&?*¡ª ?+{??? H¨ºT>¡ÆT >¡Ì&?T |¨¹{w+>¡À ?+&?*¡ª y¨º{?|¡Ý? d¨¹<?` d¨¹s?<? C¡Ü>¡ÆsT??¡®¡¤ ned¨¹s+. <?X? ?|¨¹?T ?|¨¹¡®?? ??+¡Ò
? ?¨¹ ¨¹ ? ? ?
j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤s+ ¡®¡¤eT ?|?jTy?Tq e¡Â¡®¡¤¨¨u?¡Â$T j?TT??? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?TqT ¡Ö?L&? n?¡Ü¦Ð> #¡¤¡Âd¨¹T+&?*¡ª ¡®?Td¨¹T¡Ö??+¡Ý¡Â ?+&?*. ?~
? ¡¤ ? ? ? ?
n¡®¡¤?ed¨¹s+! d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T?? ?|¨¹?T m?¡Ü JeH¨º¨¬? ?=qk?¨Cd¨¹TH¨º?s?q?~ ?|¨¹?+<?]?¡ã ¡®?*j¡¤¡Â*. e?ek?j¡¤T+ m?¡Ü #?dTH¨º?s?T?
? ? ? ¨¹?
|¨¹X¨®e? ?|+|¨¹?+ m?¡Ü #?dTH¨º?s?T? ?¡®¡¤s? e¨¨¡®¡¤T?$T ?H¨º?sTT? $<??s?T¡Ö?? $<?? j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤¡Ö? ?b?~? ne?¡ÀX??¡?¡Ü ?
? ? ¨¹? ? ? ¨² ?
e?H¨º?sTT? eT?*?? k???s¨º??¡?¡Ü ?H¨º?sTT? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T*? s??dTq? ?d¨¬¡Ö??T m?¡Ü+{? ??c??qT m<?s=?+¡ÝTH¨º?s?T? <?X?
? ?? ¨¹ ? ¡¯
?|¨¹?+<?] s??D ?¡Ìd¨¹+ ??D??D+ y¨º?s?¡Ü ??c??*? nqTu?$d¨¹¡Â? $<?TT ¨¬s??V?¡Üd¨¹TH¨º?s?T? ` ¨¢ $w¨¹j¡Â¨¬?+{?¨¬
?? ? ? ? ? ? ¡¤
¡®?Td¨¹T?¡Ìe¡Ý+, y¨º{?¨¬ ?|¨¹¡®?¡¤ ??+>¡À #¡¤¡Â&?¡Ý+, nqTu?¡Â? #?+<?¡Ý+ <?X? ?|¨¹?+<?] j?TT??? |¨¹seT b?eq ??se?+!
? ? ? ??
eTqy¨º¦Ðs d¡±eTy¨ºd¨¹TT!
nqe?¡¨B <?Xy¨ºd¨¹TT!!
?
(?H¨¦`?H¨¦H? |¨¹??¡Às¨º?V¡Ü` d¡±e¡Ây¨ºd¡± V¨¹¡Üe¡Âs¨º?V¡Ü)
¡¯ ¡¯
<?X?¨¬?? <?X? ?|¨¹??¡+¡®¡¤ ?|¨¹<?qy?¡Â, n???&? H?, ¨Bs?T, n&?$, |¨¹X¨®d¨¹+|¨¹<? e+{? d¨¹eTd¨¹? ?|¨¹?¨¨? ? eqs?TT ¡Ö?L&?
? ?
n+¡®? ?|¨¹<?qeTsTTq$. ?|¨¹? s??D ` ?|¨¹?¨¨? ? eqs?T s??D n+f?H? <?X? s??D. n+<?Teq eTq+<?] ?|¨¹<eT ??se?+
? ?? ?? ?? ?¡Ç ??
¡Ö??, eT¡®¡¤ ?b?+¡®¡¤, u?¡Üc? es¨ºZ, b???¡Ö?r¡®¡¤+>¡À ?eTqeT+¡®¨º ¡¦¦Ð? e¡Â¡®¡¤¨¨u?¡Â$T d¨¹+¡®¨ºq+¡ª nq>¡À ?¡¦¦Ð? <?X+`¡¦¦Ð? ?|¨¹?¦Ì
? ?
` n¨¬ ¨¬q~d¨¹¡Â? d¨¹+|¨°T¨¹ {?¡®+>¡À ¨¬?&?*?e?+~!
¡¤
<?X+?¡Ìd¨¹+ ?b?D¡Ü]?+¡Òq Ms?TT`<?Xe¡Â¡®¡¤ ??q? X?Ss?TT!
? ?
??¡ÀX?+?? ¡®¨ºs?T!!
<?X+ ?¡Ìd¨¹+ ?b?D¡Ü]?+¡Òq Ms?TT <?X?¨¬??+¡®¡¤{?¡ã neT¡Â? d¨¹+|¨¹<. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?¡À|¨¹?¡Ü ?d¨¬¡Ö??&?T <?X? ` ?|¨¹C¡Ü
? ? ? ¡¯
s??¡Ö?&?sTT¡®? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?>¡Àe¡Â ?|¨¹?T <?X? s??D¡Ö?? ?|¡Ý?¨¬ ?¡Ì¡Ý>¡Ì&? e+{?y¨ºs?T. nsTT¡®? y??¡Ü~ eT+~ ?d¨¬¡Ö??, <?X?
?? ? ?? ¡¯
?|¨¹? ?*<?q+ ?]¨CH¨º ¡Ö?L&? 1947?? nK+&? u?¡Üs?¡®<X+ (?|¨°¨¬k??H,¨¦ {?u¡ÝT?, ?s¨º¨¤, l+??, b???k?¨²H,¨¦ ?+>¡À?<X?
¡¤ ? ? ?¨¹ ¡ ?
??*d?q H¨º{? u?s¡®es??+ 72 ?? #¡¤.??.MT.) eTT???sTT+~. u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ <?X? y?X??+ 32 ?? 87y? #¡¤.??.MT¡Ýs?¡Ö?
?? ¡¤ ? ¡¯ ? ??
¡Ö??+¡Ò+#¡¤T¡Ö??b?sTT+~. n<?sTTH¨º d¨¹Ts??¡®+>¡À ?+<?? 2012 H¨º{??? |¨¹]o*+¡Ò #¡¤¡Â¨´d? 31 ?? #¡¤.??. MT¡Ýs?¡Ö?
?? ¡¤ ? ??
¡®¡¤¨Cb?sTT+~. d¨¹?¡®¡¤+?¡®¡¤+ d¨¹+?b?|?+¡Òq |?<|¨¹ 65 @???? 1 ??¡À 87 y? #¡¤.??.MT. u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡À¨¬? b?s?T>¡ÆT <?X?T
Z ? ? ? ?
????$T+#¡¤T?=H¨º?sTT. (n|¨¹¨¬k?¨²H,¨¦ {?u¡ÝT?, ?s¨º¨¤, l+??, b???k?¨²H,¨¦ ?+>¡À?<X? ??d?q H¨º{? u?s¡®¡¤ es??+ 72 ?? #¡¤.??.MT.)
? ¡ ? ?? ?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/svkd-121123222539-phpapp02/85/Svkd-2-320.jpg)
![1947`48 83,000 #¡¤.??.MT.`b??? ????$T¡®¡¤ ??o¨¤s?T
1960 .............y?¡¯s?Ty¨º&? nH? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?b?+¡®¡¤+?|¡¯ b??? ??u¡Ü?
1962 8.000 #¡¤.??.MT. `d?j¡Â¡ÒH¨¦, ??¡À?sTT¡ÒH¨¦, ??¡Üd¨¹` e¡Âqd¨¹ d¨¹s¡Ìes¨º ?b?+¡®¡¤+
¡¤ ?¡¯
eT]j¡¤TT ¨¢X?q? V?¡Üe¡Âj¡¤T ?b?+¡®¡¤+`#?H¨º <?Ts¨º???eTD ¡¯
1965 500 #¡¤.??.MT. `s¨ºD¡Ü ??#Y?¡è (>¡ÆT?s¨º¡®Y) b???k?¨²H¨¦¡Ö?? <??s¨º<?¡®¡¤?+ #?d?q u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ ?|¨¹u??T¡®¡¤?+
1971 #?¨º+u? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?b?+¡®¡¤+?|¡¯ b??? ??u¡Ü?
u¡sTu¡]Be?*? ?+>¡À?<X?¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ #?dq ?+~s¨º>¡À+B?
? ? ? ?¡¤ ?
1973 ??#¨º?¡èry¨¦ Be?qT`l+??¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ #?dq ?+~s¨º>¡À+B?
? ?¡¤ ?
1985 q¡Â?eT¡ÂsYBe?T`?+>¡À?<X?¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ ` s¨ºJy¨¦>¡À+B?.
? ? ?¡¤
` ns?TD¡Ü#¡¤???? #?H¨º <?Ts¨º???eTD
¡¯
1992 ` rH¨¦;|¨°¡Â ?b?+¡®¡¤+ (u¡+>¡À??) ?+>¡À?<X?¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ |?.$.
¨¹ ? ? ?¡¤
1992 ` ?¡Ì?¡ÌBe?T`eTj¡¤TH¨º¨¤sY¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+
? ?¡¤
2011 ` nk?+, |¨¹??eTu¡+>¡À????¨¬ $X? u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡À¨¬? ?+>¡À?<X?¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ #?X?s?T.
? ? ? ?¡¤
y?TT¡®¡¤?+ ` 1,87,000 #¡¤.??.MT.
¨¢ u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡À¨¬?+{?¨¬ ?]¨C k??B?q+ #?dT¨¹ ?¡Ìe&?¨¬?? j¡¤TT<?s+>¡Æ+??qT, eP?V¨¹¡Ü¨B? ($<?X?+>¡Æ $<??q+)??qT
? ¦¤?
$?j¡¤Tk?<?q¡Ö?? d¨¹+??*?+#¨º*? e?+~!
?
u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ H¨ºj¡¤T??¡®?+ y?K] eT]j¡¤TT $~? $<??H¨ºT n¨B? u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡ÀT ¡®¡¤¨Cb?¡Ö??+&? ?+&?*¡ª u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ ?d¨¬¡Ö??T`
¡¤ ¡¯ ? Z ¡¯
?|¨¹?T #¡¤¨¬b?¡Ö??+&? ?+&?*! $<?o #=s?u¡Ü¡Ý?¡Ö? MT+&?s¨º<?T¡ª $?<¡ÌV¨¹Q¡Ö?? ¡®¨ºe?+&?s¨º<?T. b??? ????$T¡®¡¤ ??o¨¤s?eTT,
?
#?H¨º ????$T¡®¡¤ ??¡Üd¨¹`e¡Âqd¨¹ d¨¹s¡Ìes¨ºT d¨¹?¡®¡¤+?¡®¡¤+ ?¡Ìd¨¹+ u?¡Üs?¡®?? $?q+ ?¡Àe&?+ ?¡Ìd¨¹+ ¡®¡¤|d¡Â? |?T|¨¹?¨¬d¨¹Tq?$.
¡¯ ?¡¯ Y ? ¨¹ ?
¡®¡¤eT??H¨º? ?? s¡ÝT? ?*w¨¹yT? q @qT>¡ÆT ¡®=+&?eTT?? <?¡Â] #¡¤*NeTT @qT>¡ÆTqT #¡¤+|?yk??sTT ??<?? n?¡Ü¦Ð> d¨¹+???
? ? ? ? ?
?<?T?q u?¡Üs?¡®jT¡¤ Te¡®¡¤ ?j¡¤TT<?] ¡®¡¤eT¡®¡¤eT ?>¡Àe¡Â |¨¹$?¡®¡¤ C?¡ÜqT rd??=¨¬ e¡Ò? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? d¡±eTqT n_?¨´w??+#¨º*?e?+~.
¦¤ ¡¯¡ ¡¤
d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡À??¨¬ |¨¹$?¡®¡¤ eT¨¨???qT rd??=¨¬ y?[? ?>¡ÀeT ?>¡Àe¡Âq, q>¡Æs¨º?? ?d¡±?? ?|¨¹?+<?] qT<?T¡Ý ???<?s?D
? ? ? ?
>¡À$+#¨º*. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T qT+&? d¨¹+??*?+¡Ò ¡®?¡Ò?q ?eTq d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T d¨¹+<?X+ ` eT¡Þ? nK+&? u?¡Üs?¡®<X+!¦Ì ` nH? ¨¢
? ? ? ¡¤ ? ?
d¨¹+<?X?¨¬? <?XeT+¡®¨º ?|¨¹?<??¨¬+|¨¹#<??+! s?+&?! d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? k?<?s? ?|¨¹D¡Üe¡ÂT n]?<??+!
? ? ? ?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/svkd-121123222539-phpapp02/85/Svkd-3-320.jpg)
![°÷¡®³Û
d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ?
Y ¨¹ ¦Ð
1. <?X??¡ã s??¡À<?s¨¤? V¨¹¡Üe¡Âs¨º`<?X??¡ã ¨´dy¨º ??s¨¤? V¨¹¡Üe¡Âs¨º
? ?
>¡Æ¡Â+C? ?¦Ðs>¡À ???`<¡Ç??`n+?sY`?>?yT >?s?e>¡ÀH¨¦
? ? ?
d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ?
Y ¨¹ ¦Ð
2. d¡±e¡Âj?T"V¨¹¡Üy¨¦T s?U? d¨¹Ts??¡®`<?X? s?¨´V¡Ü¦Ð> d¨¹<? nK+&?¡®Y
?? Y
?d¡± ? V?¡Ü¡®YyT ?j?T`eT¦Ðs+¦Ð>`#¡¤??¡®? d¡±H¨º¡®¨ºH¨¦
¦Ð ?
d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ?
Y ¨¹ ¦Ð
3. ?H¨¦ ?H¨¦yT d¨¹<?¡°¡èy¨¦ ?>¡Àj?T"`u?<u¡Üy¨¦ d¨¹u?<¡ÂsY u?>¡Àj?T"
? ? ? ? ? ?
@?? <?X??V¡Ü @?? d¨¹+d¨¹?¨¨? ` d¨¹eTs?d¨¹ neT¨¨¡®¡¤ b?H¨¦
¡¯
d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ?
Y ¨¹ ¦Ð
4. |¨¹seT ?KsY |¨¹sY ??C¡Üj?T+¦Ð> ` <?X??¡Ày?uy¨¦ ?|¨¹?{¡Üj?T+¦Ð>
? ¡¯ ?? ?
$X??>¡ÆTs?¡Â ?H¨¦ ??sY ?u?s+¦Ð> ` b?j?T+¦Ð> d¨¹e¡Â¨¤H¨¦
¦Ð?
d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ?
Y ¨¹ ¦Ð
d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ¡®?qT>¡ÆT¨´d¡®¡¤
Y ¨¹ ¦Ð
d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¨º k?<?s?? |¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T
1. <?X? s??jT eTq<?T <?s¨¤? eTT <?X? ¨´dej?T ¨¬¡®¡¤? ??s¨¤? eTT!
?? ? ?
?|¨¹?<??¨¬+#¡¤T eTu?¡Âqu?eTT¨¤`u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ >?s?e>¡Àq+ ??d¨¹]?? 3k?s?T?? ?
? ? ?
2. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?TqT d¨¹+s??+¡®¡¤eTT` d¨¹<? u?¡Üs?¡®+ nK+&?eTT?
? ?? ¡¤
?qq eTs?DeTTT <?X+ ?¡Ìd¨¹+ ` eTTqTeTT+<?q¡Ö?? eTq #¡¤sD+ ??d¨¹]??3k?s?T?? ?
? ?
3. ?q e¡Âqd¨¹eTTq d¨¹<?¡°¡èeqy?T ` u?<? u?¡ÜeeTTT ??H? ??e??
?
¡¦??f? <?X+`¡¦?? d¨¹+d¨¹?¨¨?`d¨¹eTs?d¨¹ neT¨¨¡®¡¤ b?q+ ??d¨¹]??3k?s?T?? ?
?
4. |¨¹seT y?ueeTT k?~?+#?<eTT`<?X? >?s?e+ #¨º{? #??|?<?eTT?
? ¡¯ ?? ?
$X??>¡ÆTs?Te?>¡À u?¡Üs?¡®e¡Â¡®¡¤`b?+<?TqT |¨°Tqd¨¹H¨º¨¤q+ ??d¨¹]?? 3k?s?T?? ?
¡¤ ¨¹](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/svkd-121123222539-phpapp02/85/Svkd-4-320.jpg)
More Related Content
What's hot (19)
Svkd
- 1. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? k?<?s? ?|D¡ÜeTeTTT! ? ¨¹ ?<?Xs?jT eTq<?T <?s¨¤? eTT ? ? ?? ? ? <?X? dej?T ¨¬¡®¡¤? ??s¨¤? eTT!¦Ì ¨´ |¨°?H¨¦? : FINS- b¨°?s?yT |¨°sY ?+{??>f¡&¨¦ H?wq?? ?d¡Ö?L?]{¡ã ¨¦ ¨¹ ¦Ð ¨¹ <?X? s??D <?X? ?|¨¹? ?b?<¡Ç$T?? ??se?+¡ª ?|¨¹?¡Ö?? n~ ¡®?e??b?e¡Ý+ eTV¨¹¡ë ?|¨¹e¡Â<??s+. <?X? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?TT u??? <?+>¡À ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?+f?H? <?X?¨¬??, <?X? ?|¨¹?¡Ö?? s??D ?+¡ÝT+~. <?X? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T?? ?¡À|¨¹?¡Ü>¡À ?+&? ?d¨¬¡Ö?? >¡Æ¡Â]?, ?¡qT?? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?? ? ¡¯ ¡¯ ?b?+¡®¨ºqT |¨¹?D? ??? ¡®¨ºT>¡À u?¡Ü$+¡Ò ?|¨¹?T, j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤ ¡®¡¤s#¡Â d¨¹+<?]?d¨¹¡Â? ?+&?*. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T?? ¨¬ed?dTq? ?|¨¹? ¦Ð ? ¡¤ ? ¨¹? ??c??T ?|¨¹?+<?] ??c??T. <?X? s??D >¡ÆT]+¡Òq #?¡®q?+ <?X?? |¨¹?+<?]¡®¡Ì u¡Ü¡ÝT d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?>¡Àe¡Â ?|¨¹???q¡Â ?? ¡¯ ¡¤ ?+&?*. ? |¨¹¨¬?¡Ìd¨¹+ @s??&?q d¨¹+d¨¹¨² ?|¨°H?¦Ì b¨°?s?yT |¨°sY ?+{??>f¡&¨¦ H?wq?? ?d¡Ö?L?]{¡ã. ?~ 2003?? #¡¤+&?>&?? ? ¨¦ ¨¦ ¨¹ ¦Ð ¨¹ ¡Æ ¨¦? @s??&?q~. 2005?? n?u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ d¨¹+d¨¹>¡À eTT+u¡?? s?¡Â|¨¹? ~<?T¡Ö?? q?~. e¡ÂJ ?d¨¬?¡À~??¡Às?TT`b??d¨¹T n~??¡Às?TT, ¨² ¡¯ ? ¡¯ ?|¨¹uT?? ¡®¨º?~??¡Às?TT, H¨º?j¡¤TeT¡Âs?TT, H¨º?j¡¤Ty¨º<?T e+{? y?T<??e?¡®¡Ì ¨¢ d¨¹+d¨¹¨² @s??&?q~. 2010?? 1100 eT+~ <?X`$<?X? ? ? ?|¨¹?¨¬<?T¡®¡Ì V¨¹¡Ü]<??sY?? s+&?T s¡ÌE ?d$TH¨ºsY ?]¨C+~. <?X? u??? <?¡®`d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T u??? <?¡®?¡¤ |¡¯ #¡¤s?T ?]¨Cq$. ?|¨¹?&?T ? ? ¡¤ ? ? 2012?? ¡¦?? n<?T¡°¡è¡®¡¤ ?¡Às?????eT+¡®¡Ì |¨°H?¨¦ eTs¡Ì eTT+<?&T? >¡ÆT y?jT¡¤ T#¡¤Tq?~. ? d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦?¡Ì ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ?d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? k?<?s? ?|¨¹D¡ÜeTeTTT¦Ì ¨´|s?T¡®¡Ì ?s?T>¡ÆT#¡¤Tq? ¨¢ ?¡Às?????eTeTT?? <?X+??¨¬ Y ¨¹ ? ? n¨¬? ?b?+¡®¨ºqT+&? y??¡Ü~ j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤ ?j¡¤TT<?] d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?b?+¡®¨ºqT d¨¹+<?]?k??sT. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?b?+¡®¨ºqT |¨¹?D?¦Ð??? ¡®¨ºT>¡À ? u?¡Ü$k??sT. n???&? ?|¨¹?qT <?e¡®¡¤T>¡À d¨¹+u?¡Ü$k??sT. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T?? #?¡®q?+ y?*$]¨´d?¡Ü d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? ?|¨¹D¡ÜeTeTTT ? ? ? ¡¯ ¡¤ ? ? n]?k??sT. ?s?+&?! b??¡ìZq+&?!¦Ì n+¡Ý¡Â ?|¨°H?¦Ì j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤¡Ö? |?T|¨¹?¨¬d¨¹Tq?~. ? ? ¨¦ ? ? eTq d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T d¨¹+<?X+`eT¡Þ? nK+&? u?¡Üs?¡®<X+! ? ? ¡¤ ? ? u??eBj¡¤TTT ?|¨°H?¦Ì n? u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ ?¡Às??es?eTT ? ¨¦ Z eTT+u¡¡¯ n<???¡Ö???T &?._. X??¡À¡®Y?sY (Lt.Gen.Rtd.) ? ?b?<???¡Ö???T $.m+.b?{??? (Lt.Gen.Rtd.) mdt.?¡Ì??C? (Justice- Retd.) qC¡Ü¨¤ ?V¡Ü|¨¹??¡Ü? (m+.|?.) ? C¡.|?. s¨ºC?U?y¨º I.A.S. (Retd) ?|¨¹<?q ?¡Às??<?sT?T : ? ? mdt.mH¨¦.<?X?sTT. (n&???{?) ¦Ð X?c??~ #¨º] ?¡ÌX?~??¡À] : |¨¹H¨º??¡Ü?? u?Hk?* ? ¨¦ <?XdeT s??D+ ` <?X? $?¡Àd¨¹ ?¡Às?D+ ! ? ¡± ?? 2012 d¨¹+e¡®¡¤?s?+ u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ ?|¨¹?¡Ö?? <?X?¨¬?? eTV¨¹¡Ü¡®¡¤?|¨¹Ps?yTq~. b???k?¨²H¨¦ y?TT<?{? <?Ts¨º???eTD ?]¨C 65@??¨®,? ¨ª ?? #?H¨º <?Ts¨º???eTD ?]¨C 50 @??¨®,? u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ b?s?yT+¡ÝT ?|¡¯ r?ey¨º<?T <?&? ?]¨C 10 @??¨®,? |¨¹Ps?sTTq d¨¹+e¡®¡¤?s?+. 2003 ¡¯ ? ? ? d¨¹+e?s?+?? ?|¨°H?¦Ì (FINS- Forum for Intigrated National Security) d¨¹+d¨¹¨² k?¨²|+#¡¤?&?+~. |¨¹Ps?? ?d¨¬?¡À~??¡Às?TT, ? ¨¦ ? ¡¯
- 2. b??d¨¹T n~??¡Às?T, ?|¨¹uT?? ¡®¨º?~??¡Às?TT, H¨º?j¡¤TeT¡Âs?TT, s??D $X?wE¡®¡Ì u¡Ü¡ÝT ?|¨¹eTTK |¨¹???¡À s?#sTT¡®¡¤T, s¨ºC¡Ü?+>¡Æ ? ?? ¨¹ ? ¡¤ y?¡®T, <?X? u??yT<??e?T y?TT<?>¡ÆT ?|¨¹eTTKT?¡+<?s¡Ì eTT+<?T+&? ¨¢ d¨¹+d¨¹qT ¨¬s??V?¡Üd¨¹Tq?~. ¨¢ d¨¹+e¡®¡¤?s?+ ¡¦?? eTV¨¹¡Ü¡®¡¤s? ?¡¤ ? ?? ? ¨² ? ? ?¡Às?????e¡Â¨¬? ?d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? k?<?s? ?|¨¹D¡ÜeTeTTT¦Ì (d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦?¡Ì ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T) nH? ¨´|s?T¡®¡Ì ¨¬s??V?¡Üd¨¹TH¨º?s?T. ¨¢ ?¡Às?????eT ? Y ¨¹ ? ???? + d¨¹+???+ ??¡Ü e?+~. C¡Ü>¡Æ¨¨¡®¡¤ d¨¹e¡Â?+ ` d¨¹Ts??¡®¡¤ ` $??d¡®¡¤ <?X+ ! ?? ? ? <?X? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?TT ?e+ ?qTr?> eTT??? ??+#?T ?¡Àe?¡ª <?X? nd?¡®?¡ÒV¨¹¡ë?T! |¨¹+¡Ýb??¡Ü u??? <?¡®¡Ö? ??+#? |¨¹{w+>¡À ? ¦Ð ? ¡¤ ¡¤? ? ?¨¹ ?+&?*¡ª ?+{??? H¨ºT>¡ÆT >¡Ì&?T |¨¹{w+>¡À ?+&?*¡ª y¨º{?|¡Ý? d¨¹<?` d¨¹s?<? C¡Ü>¡ÆsT??¡®¡¤ ned¨¹s+. <?X? ?|¨¹?T ?|¨¹¡®?? ??+¡Ò ? ?¨¹ ¨¹ ? ? ? j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤s+ ¡®¡¤eT ?|?jTy?Tq e¡Â¡®¡¤¨¨u?¡Â$T j?TT??? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?TqT ¡Ö?L&? n?¡Ü¦Ð> #¡¤¡Âd¨¹T+&?*¡ª ¡®?Td¨¹T¡Ö??+¡Ý¡Â ?+&?*. ?~ ? ¡¤ ? ? ? ? n¡®¡¤?ed¨¹s+! d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T?? ?|¨¹?T m?¡Ü JeH¨º¨¬? ?=qk?¨Cd¨¹TH¨º?s?q?~ ?|¨¹?+<?]?¡ã ¡®?*j¡¤¡Â*. e?ek?j¡¤T+ m?¡Ü #?dTH¨º?s?T? ? ? ? ¨¹? |¨¹X¨®e? ?|+|¨¹?+ m?¡Ü #?dTH¨º?s?T? ?¡®¡¤s? e¨¨¡®¡¤T?$T ?H¨º?sTT? $<??s?T¡Ö?? $<?? j¡¤TTe¡®¡¤¡Ö? ?b?~? ne?¡ÀX??¡?¡Ü ? ? ? ¨¹? ? ? ¨² ? e?H¨º?sTT? eT?*?? k???s¨º??¡?¡Ü ?H¨º?sTT? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T*? s??dTq? ?d¨¬¡Ö??T m?¡Ü+{? ??c??qT m<?s=?+¡ÝTH¨º?s?T? <?X? ? ?? ¨¹ ? ¡¯ ?|¨¹?+<?] s??D ?¡Ìd¨¹+ ??D??D+ y¨º?s?¡Ü ??c??*? nqTu?$d¨¹¡Â? $<?TT ¨¬s??V?¡Üd¨¹TH¨º?s?T? ` ¨¢ $w¨¹j¡Â¨¬?+{?¨¬ ?? ? ? ? ? ? ¡¤ ¡®?Td¨¹T?¡Ìe¡Ý+, y¨º{?¨¬ ?|¨¹¡®?¡¤ ??+>¡À #¡¤¡Â&?¡Ý+, nqTu?¡Â? #?+<?¡Ý+ <?X? ?|¨¹?+<?] j?TT??? |¨¹seT b?eq ??se?+! ? ? ? ?? eTqy¨º¦Ðs d¡±eTy¨ºd¨¹TT! nqe?¡¨B <?Xy¨ºd¨¹TT!! ? (?H¨¦`?H¨¦H? |¨¹??¡Às¨º?V¡Ü` d¡±e¡Ây¨ºd¡± V¨¹¡Üe¡Âs¨º?V¡Ü) ¡¯ ¡¯ <?X?¨¬?? <?X? ?|¨¹??¡+¡®¡¤ ?|¨¹<?qy?¡Â, n???&? H?, ¨Bs?T, n&?$, |¨¹X¨®d¨¹+|¨¹<? e+{? d¨¹eTd¨¹? ?|¨¹?¨¨? ? eqs?TT ¡Ö?L&? ? ? n+¡®? ?|¨¹<?qeTsTTq$. ?|¨¹? s??D ` ?|¨¹?¨¨? ? eqs?T s??D n+f?H? <?X? s??D. n+<?Teq eTq+<?] ?|¨¹<eT ??se?+ ? ?? ?? ?? ?¡Ç ?? ¡Ö??, eT¡®¡¤ ?b?+¡®¡¤, u?¡Üc? es¨ºZ, b???¡Ö?r¡®¡¤+>¡À ?eTqeT+¡®¨º ¡¦¦Ð? e¡Â¡®¡¤¨¨u?¡Â$T d¨¹+¡®¨ºq+¡ª nq>¡À ?¡¦¦Ð? <?X+`¡¦¦Ð? ?|¨¹?¦Ì ? ? ` n¨¬ ¨¬q~d¨¹¡Â? d¨¹+|¨°T¨¹ {?¡®+>¡À ¨¬?&?*?e?+~! ¡¤ <?X+?¡Ìd¨¹+ ?b?D¡Ü]?+¡Òq Ms?TT`<?Xe¡Â¡®¡¤ ??q? X?Ss?TT! ? ? ??¡ÀX?+?? ¡®¨ºs?T!! <?X+ ?¡Ìd¨¹+ ?b?D¡Ü]?+¡Òq Ms?TT <?X?¨¬??+¡®¡¤{?¡ã neT¡Â? d¨¹+|¨¹<. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?¡À|¨¹?¡Ü ?d¨¬¡Ö??&?T <?X? ` ?|¨¹C¡Ü ? ? ? ¡¯ s??¡Ö?&?sTT¡®? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?>¡Àe¡Â ?|¨¹?T <?X? s??D¡Ö?? ?|¡Ý?¨¬ ?¡Ì¡Ý>¡Ì&? e+{?y¨ºs?T. nsTT¡®? y??¡Ü~ eT+~ ?d¨¬¡Ö??, <?X? ?? ? ?? ¡¯ ?|¨¹? ?*<?q+ ?]¨CH¨º ¡Ö?L&? 1947?? nK+&? u?¡Üs?¡®<X+ (?|¨°¨¬k??H,¨¦ {?u¡ÝT?, ?s¨º¨¤, l+??, b???k?¨²H,¨¦ ?+>¡À?<X? ¡¤ ? ? ?¨¹ ¡ ? ??*d?q H¨º{? u?s¡®es??+ 72 ?? #¡¤.??.MT.) eTT???sTT+~. u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ <?X? y?X??+ 32 ?? 87y? #¡¤.??.MT¡Ýs?¡Ö? ?? ¡¤ ? ¡¯ ? ?? ¡Ö??+¡Ò+#¡¤T¡Ö??b?sTT+~. n<?sTTH¨º d¨¹Ts??¡®+>¡À ?+<?? 2012 H¨º{??? |¨¹]o*+¡Ò #¡¤¡Â¨´d? 31 ?? #¡¤.??. MT¡Ýs?¡Ö? ?? ¡¤ ? ?? ¡®¡¤¨Cb?sTT+~. d¨¹?¡®¡¤+?¡®¡¤+ d¨¹+?b?|?+¡Òq |?<|¨¹ 65 @???? 1 ??¡À 87 y? #¡¤.??.MT. u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡À¨¬? b?s?T>¡ÆT <?X?T Z ? ? ? ? ????$T+#¡¤T?=H¨º?sTT. (n|¨¹¨¬k?¨²H,¨¦ {?u¡ÝT?, ?s¨º¨¤, l+??, b???k?¨²H,¨¦ ?+>¡À?<X? ??d?q H¨º{? u?s¡®¡¤ es??+ 72 ?? #¡¤.??.MT.) ? ¡ ? ?? ?
- 3. 1947`48 83,000 #¡¤.??.MT.`b??? ????$T¡®¡¤ ??o¨¤s?T 1960 .............y?¡¯s?Ty¨º&? nH? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?b?+¡®¡¤+?|¡¯ b??? ??u¡Ü? 1962 8.000 #¡¤.??.MT. `d?j¡Â¡ÒH¨¦, ??¡À?sTT¡ÒH¨¦, ??¡Üd¨¹` e¡Âqd¨¹ d¨¹s¡Ìes¨º ?b?+¡®¡¤+ ¡¤ ?¡¯ eT]j¡¤TT ¨¢X?q? V?¡Üe¡Âj¡¤T ?b?+¡®¡¤+`#?H¨º <?Ts¨º???eTD ¡¯ 1965 500 #¡¤.??.MT. `s¨ºD¡Ü ??#Y?¡è (>¡ÆT?s¨º¡®Y) b???k?¨²H¨¦¡Ö?? <??s¨º<?¡®¡¤?+ #?d?q u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ ?|¨¹u??T¡®¡¤?+ 1971 #?¨º+u? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? ?b?+¡®¡¤+?|¡¯ b??? ??u¡Ü? u¡sTu¡]Be?*? ?+>¡À?<X?¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ #?dq ?+~s¨º>¡À+B? ? ? ? ?¡¤ ? 1973 ??#¨º?¡èry¨¦ Be?qT`l+??¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ #?dq ?+~s¨º>¡À+B? ? ?¡¤ ? 1985 q¡Â?eT¡ÂsYBe?T`?+>¡À?<X?¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ ` s¨ºJy¨¦>¡À+B?. ? ? ?¡¤ ` ns?TD¡Ü#¡¤???? #?H¨º <?Ts¨º???eTD ¡¯ 1992 ` rH¨¦;|¨°¡Â ?b?+¡®¡¤+ (u¡+>¡À??) ?+>¡À?<X?¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ |?.$. ¨¹ ? ? ?¡¤ 1992 ` ?¡Ì?¡ÌBe?T`eTj¡¤TH¨º¨¤sY¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ ? ?¡¤ 2011 ` nk?+, |¨¹??eTu¡+>¡À????¨¬ $X? u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡À¨¬? ?+>¡À?<X?¡Ö? <??s¨º<?¡®+ #?X?s?T. ? ? ? ?¡¤ y?TT¡®¡¤?+ ` 1,87,000 #¡¤.??.MT. ¨¢ u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡À¨¬?+{?¨¬ ?]¨C k??B?q+ #?dT¨¹ ?¡Ìe&?¨¬?? j¡¤TT<?s+>¡Æ+??qT, eP?V¨¹¡Ü¨B? ($<?X?+>¡Æ $<??q+)??qT ? ¦¤? $?j¡¤Tk?<?q¡Ö?? d¨¹+??*?+#¨º*? e?+~! ? u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ H¨ºj¡¤T??¡®?+ y?K] eT]j¡¤TT $~? $<??H¨ºT n¨B? u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡ÀT ¡®¡¤¨Cb?¡Ö??+&? ?+&?*¡ª u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ ?d¨¬¡Ö??T` ¡¤ ¡¯ ? Z ¡¯ ?|¨¹?T #¡¤¨¬b?¡Ö??+&? ?+&?*! $<?o #=s?u¡Ü¡Ý?¡Ö? MT+&?s¨º<?T¡ª $?<¡ÌV¨¹Q¡Ö?? ¡®¨ºe?+&?s¨º<?T. b??? ????$T¡®¡¤ ??o¨¤s?eTT, ? #?H¨º ????$T¡®¡¤ ??¡Üd¨¹`e¡Âqd¨¹ d¨¹s¡Ìes¨ºT d¨¹?¡®¡¤+?¡®¡¤+ ?¡Ìd¨¹+ u?¡Üs?¡®?? $?q+ ?¡Àe&?+ ?¡Ìd¨¹+ ¡®¡¤|d¡Â? |?T|¨¹?¨¬d¨¹Tq?$. ¡¯ ?¡¯ Y ? ¨¹ ? ¡®¡¤eT??H¨º? ?? s¡ÝT? ?*w¨¹yT? q @qT>¡ÆT ¡®=+&?eTT?? <?¡Â] #¡¤*NeTT @qT>¡ÆTqT #¡¤+|?yk??sTT ??<?? n?¡Ü¦Ð> d¨¹+??? ? ? ? ? ? ?<?T?q u?¡Üs?¡®jT¡¤ Te¡®¡¤ ?j¡¤TT<?] ¡®¡¤eT¡®¡¤eT ?>¡Àe¡Â |¨¹$?¡®¡¤ C?¡ÜqT rd??=¨¬ e¡Ò? d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? d¡±eTqT n_?¨´w??+#¨º*?e?+~. ¦¤ ¡¯¡ ¡¤ d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? u?¡Âu?¡Ü>¡À??¨¬ |¨¹$?¡®¡¤ eT¨¨???qT rd??=¨¬ y?[? ?>¡ÀeT ?>¡Àe¡Âq, q>¡Æs¨º?? ?d¡±?? ?|¨¹?+<?] qT<?T¡Ý ???<?s?D ? ? ? ? >¡À$+#¨º*. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T qT+&? d¨¹+??*?+¡Ò ¡®?¡Ò?q ?eTq d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T d¨¹+<?X+ ` eT¡Þ? nK+&? u?¡Üs?¡®<X+!¦Ì ` nH? ¨¢ ? ? ? ¡¤ ? ? d¨¹+<?X?¨¬? <?XeT+¡®¨º ?|¨¹?<??¨¬+|¨¹#<??+! s?+&?! d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¡¤¡Ö? k?<?s? ?|¨¹D¡Üe¡ÂT n]?<??+! ? ? ? ?
- 4. °÷¡®³Û d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ? Y ¨¹ ¦Ð 1. <?X??¡ã s??¡À<?s¨¤? V¨¹¡Üe¡Âs¨º`<?X??¡ã ¨´dy¨º ??s¨¤? V¨¹¡Üe¡Âs¨º ? ? >¡Æ¡Â+C? ?¦Ðs>¡À ???`<¡Ç??`n+?sY`?>?yT >?s?e>¡ÀH¨¦ ? ? ? d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ? Y ¨¹ ¦Ð 2. d¡±e¡Âj?T"V¨¹¡Üy¨¦T s?U? d¨¹Ts??¡®`<?X? s?¨´V¡Ü¦Ð> d¨¹<? nK+&?¡®Y ?? Y ?d¡± ? V?¡Ü¡®YyT ?j?T`eT¦Ðs+¦Ð>`#¡¤??¡®? d¡±H¨º¡®¨ºH¨¦ ¦Ð ? d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ? Y ¨¹ ¦Ð 3. ?H¨¦ ?H¨¦yT d¨¹<?¡°¡èy¨¦ ?>¡Àj?T"`u?<u¡Üy¨¦ d¨¹u?<¡ÂsY u?>¡Àj?T" ? ? ? ? ? ? @?? <?X??V¡Ü @?? d¨¹+d¨¹?¨¨? ` d¨¹eTs?d¨¹ neT¨¨¡®¡¤ b?H¨¦ ¡¯ d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ? Y ¨¹ ¦Ð 4. |¨¹seT ?KsY |¨¹sY ??C¡Üj?T+¦Ð> ` <?X??¡Ày?uy¨¦ ?|¨¹?{¡Üj?T+¦Ð> ? ¡¯ ?? ? $X??>¡ÆTs?¡Â ?H¨¦ ??sY ?u?s+¦Ð> ` b?j?T+¦Ð> d¨¹e¡Â¨¤H¨¦ ¦Ð? d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ??3 k?s?T?? ? Y ¨¹ ¦Ð d¨¹sV¡Ü<¨¦ ¡®¡¤Tsa ?|¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T ¡®?qT>¡ÆT¨´d¡®¡¤ Y ¨¹ ¦Ð d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?T? e¡Â¡®¨º k?<?s?? |¨¹D¡Üy¨¦T 1. <?X? s??jT eTq<?T <?s¨¤? eTT <?X? ¨´dej?T ¨¬¡®¡¤? ??s¨¤? eTT! ?? ? ? ?|¨¹?<??¨¬+#¡¤T eTu?¡Âqu?eTT¨¤`u?¡Üs?¡®¡¤ >?s?e>¡Àq+ ??d¨¹]?? 3k?s?T?? ? ? ? ? 2. d¨¹]V¨¹¡Ü<?TqT d¨¹+s??+¡®¡¤eTT` d¨¹<? u?¡Üs?¡®+ nK+&?eTT? ? ?? ¡¤ ?qq eTs?DeTTT <?X+ ?¡Ìd¨¹+ ` eTTqTeTT+<?q¡Ö?? eTq #¡¤sD+ ??d¨¹]??3k?s?T?? ? ? ? 3. ?q e¡Âqd¨¹eTTq d¨¹<?¡°¡èeqy?T ` u?<? u?¡ÜeeTTT ??H? ??e?? ? ¡¦??f? <?X+`¡¦?? d¨¹+d¨¹?¨¨?`d¨¹eTs?d¨¹ neT¨¨¡®¡¤ b?q+ ??d¨¹]??3k?s?T?? ? ? 4. |¨¹seT y?ueeTT k?~?+#?<eTT`<?X? >?s?e+ #¨º{? #??|?<?eTT? ? ¡¯ ?? ? $X??>¡ÆTs?Te?>¡À u?¡Üs?¡®e¡Â¡®¡¤`b?+<?TqT |¨°Tqd¨¹H¨º¨¤q+ ??d¨¹]?? 3k?s?T?? ? ¡¤ ¨¹