S.y. b. sc. Question Bank
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This document contains questions about standards solutions, titration methods, and calculations involving normality and molarity. It asks about primary and secondary standards, characteristics of standards solutions, calibration procedures, and preparation of solutions like sodium thiosulfate. Several questions involve calculating normality and strength of acids from titration data and defining key terms related to analytical chemistry calculations and measurements.
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A. Euploidy
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Monoploidy (n): Having one set of chromosomes.
Diploidy (2n): Normal state in animals.
Triploidy (3n): Three sets of chromosomes; often lethal in animals.
Tetraploidy (4n): Four sets; rare and usually fatal.
Polyploidy: Multiple complete sets of chromosomes, mostly nonviable in animals (but common in plants).
B. Aneuploidy
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Trisomy (2n+1): One extra chromosome (e.g., Down syndrome: Trisomy 21)
Tetrasomy (2n+2): Two extra chromosomes.
Nullisomy (2n-2): Complete absence of a pair usually lethal.
2. Structural Chromosomal Aberrations
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Loss of a chromosome segment.
Terminal Deletion: Loss at the end of a chromosome.
Interstitial Deletion: Loss of a segment from the middle.
Consequences depend on size and gene content of the deleted region.
B. Duplication
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Tandem Duplication: Adjacent to the original.
Displaced Duplication: Located elsewhere on the same or different chromosome.
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C. Inversion
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Paracentric Inversion: Does not include the centromere.
Pericentric Inversion: Includes the centromere.
Often causes infertility due to abnormal pairing during meiosis.
D. Translocation
Segment of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome.
Reciprocal Translocation: Exchange of segments between two chromosomes.
Robertsonian Translocation: Fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes.
Can result in genetic disorders, infertility, or embryonic lethality.
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