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9. Ekosysteemit
Ekosysteemi

• Eloton luonto + eliöyhteisö
• Ekosysteemin toiminta
  perustuu Auringon
  säteilyyn ja
  fotosynteesiin
Ravintoketjut ja –verkot :
      aine kiertää

                      Tuottajat:
                       vihreät
                      kasvit ja
                        levät



   Hajottajat:                      Kasvinsyöjät:
 bakteerit, sienet                   1. asteen
                                     kuluttajat



                     Lihansyöjät:
                       2.asteen
                      kuluttajat
Ekologiset pyramidit
• Kapenevat
  ylöspäin
  mentäessä 
  kuvastaa
  energian ja
  biomassan
  vähenemistä
• Trofiatasot
Energia virtaa
• Energian
  ohivirtaus
Brutto- ja nettotuotanto
Energian virta kasvinsyöjästä
          petoon
Sukkessio
• Eliöyhteisön
  ajallinen muutos:
  esimerkiksi palo- tai
  hakkuuaukea 
  ikimetsä.

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