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Synesthesia and hypnosis

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Francisco Sampedro Mart¨ªnez
Francisco Sampedro Mart¨ªnez

1) The study aimed to induce grapheme-color synesthesia in hypnotized subjects by suggesting they see numbers with colored auras (blue, green, red). 2) Subjects completed a Stroop task both before and after hypnosis, and their performance was compared to a control group. 3) The hypnotized subjects performed significantly worse on the Stroop task after hypnosis compared to controls, suggesting they had difficulty ignoring the suggested colors when naming the numbers.

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Synesthesia and hypnosis 1 Sampedro Mart¨ªnez, Francisco 2 Ma?as 3 Marta UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA THE TEORY THE EXPERIMENT Synesthesia Subjects ? We used a six volunteers subjects of the University of Granada. ? WHAT¡¯S SYNESTHESIA? ?The ages are in the range os 33 to 19 years. ?Synesthesia is the faculty to see the stimulus of one sensorial modality in another one. Material ?TYPES ?We can find two types of synesthesia: ?We used a special version of a Stroop task. ?Cognitive synesthesia-->the stimulus are asociated to simbolic ?The asociation we whants to implaint is: minds ?n? 1 is blue ?Basic synesthesia-------->the stimulus of one sensorial modaluty ?n? 2 is geen are perceived in anhoter one. ?n? 3 is red ?In the first leaft are writed the numbers 1,2 and 3 in black and they are repeated ?NEURAL BASIS OF SYNESTHESIA 29 times. The subject must says the numbers as rapidly as possible in 45¡¯¡¯. ?The PET images show us that when a synesthete look a grapheme or sound, ?In the second leaft are writed the graphemes ¡°XXX¡± printed in the colors blue, the visual areas are actived. It make un belive that they can see really colors wich green and red. The subject must says the colors as rapidly as possible in 45¡¯¡¯. sounds or grapheme. ?In the third leaft are writed the numbers but this time in the colors blue, green and red. They are allways in a incongruent association. The subject must to say as ?EXPERIENCES rapidly as possible, first the numbers and after the colors. ?When a synestethe read a newspaper he don¡¯t see it in whrite and black, but he ?To know the susceptibility level we used the susceptibility scale of Martinez see a multicolor palette. Perigot y Asis. ?We pass to a little questionary about the preferences in colors and numbers. Hypnosis ASOCIATION 2 1 3 2 2 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 2 1 3 2 2 ? WHAT¡¯S HYPNOSIS? 1 BLUE ?Hypnosis is a special state of conciousness where the hypnoticed accept all 1 3 1 2 1 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 1 3 1 2 1 2 GREEN orders of the hypnotist. 3 RED 2 1 3 3 1 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 2 1 3 3 1 ?POST-HYPNOTIC ALLUCINATION ?The stimulus we recived directly to the exterior by the sensory organs, like the electromacnetic waves, we call ¡°Sensory Primary Stimulus¡±. ?These stimulus provoke another subjetive types of stimulus, like color and music. Method We call to these one ¡°Sensory Secondary Stimulus¡±. ?It¡¯sn necesari the primary one to provoque the secondary one. ?First we mesured the level of susceptivility. The tree subjets thas have more than ?When apears a Sensory Secondary Stimulus witchout the Sensory Primary 9 pounts in the susceptivility scare they were hipnoticed and they conform the Stimulus is called ¡°allucination¡±. experimental group. ?By means hypnosis we can provoke allucinations. ?The another three subjects were not hypnoticed and conform the control group. ?Alls groups pass the questionary. ?HYPNOSIS OF COLOR ?The control group lerned the asociation and after they did the Stroop task. ?By means hypnosis we can sugest the subjects to see colors. They have the ?The experimental group were hypnoticed and sugest to see all n? 1 whitch a blue allucination of color. ¡°aura¡±, all n? 2 green and all n? 3 red. After that they did the Stroop task. ?To mesure it we can use a Stroop task. Results ?NEURAL BASIS OF HYPNOSIS OF COLOR ?When the subjects are sugested to see color in a PET machinne, whe can see ? The ANOVA analisys show us that exist diferences between the control and that the neuronal areas of the colors are actived. experimental group in the quantity of colors they can says and the quantity of ?It make us thinc that really they are seen the color. colored numbers they can says. ?In both cases the experimental group says lees items and in both cases the error * probability of erros is lees than 0.001%. Synesthesia and hypnosis * ?TABLE OF SULTS * ? We saw before that wen a synesthete look a grapheme, he can see too a color, SUJETO N? COLOR CONTROL N? CON COLOR COLOR CON N? N? EXPERIMENTAL COLOR N? CON COLOR COLOR CON N? and he see really because the color areas are actived. 1 145 101 145 89 137 71 140 50 2 140 90 154 97 145 64 150 55 ?We saw too that when a hypnoticed subject is sugested to see a color, he can 150 90 147 90 99 59 91 47 see really because the color areas in the brain are actived too. 3 MEDIA 145 93,6 148,6 92 * 127 64,6 127 50,6 SUMA MEDIA 435 281 446 276 381 194 381 152 ?So that, if we can asociate the color to the grapheme in the hypnoticed subjects, (SUM MED)*2 189225 78961 198916 76176 145161 37636 145161 23104 we can provoke grapheme-color synesthesia in they. SUM MED*2 63125 26401 66350 25430 49595 12618 50381 7734 PET Image of PET Image of Perceptually ?COMPARATION GROUP X ?COMPARATION GROUP X Perceptually Driven Driven Color Activation in COLOR COLORED NUMBER Color Activation in synesthete Subjectsa FV SC GL MC F TEORICAL F FV SC GL MC F Highly Hypnotizable EG 1261,5 1 1261,5 32,916 0,95F 1,4= 7,71 EG 2562,7 1 2562,7 144,99 Subjectsa ERROR 153,3 4 38,325 ERROR 70,7 4 17,6 0,99F 1,4= 21,20 TOTAL 1414,83 5 TOTAL 2633,4 5 Conclussions ?The data show us that the hypnoticed group have problems in says the colors they are seen, independently of if they are alone or they are in the numbers. ?Perhaps the association i did is in the two ways, not only interfear the number when the color is incongruent whitch it (the n?1 printed which red color is incongruent, the congruent is blue), but also interfear the grapheme ¡°XXX¡±. This grapheme is incongruent too because it is¡¯n any number.

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Synesthesia and hypnosis

  • 1. Synesthesia and hypnosis 1 Sampedro Mart¨ªnez, Francisco 2 Ma?as 3 Marta UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA THE TEORY THE EXPERIMENT Synesthesia Subjects ? We used a six volunteers subjects of the University of Granada. ? WHAT¡¯S SYNESTHESIA? ?The ages are in the range os 33 to 19 years. ?Synesthesia is the faculty to see the stimulus of one sensorial modality in another one. Material ?TYPES ?We can find two types of synesthesia: ?We used a special version of a Stroop task. ?Cognitive synesthesia-->the stimulus are asociated to simbolic ?The asociation we whants to implaint is: minds ?n? 1 is blue ?Basic synesthesia-------->the stimulus of one sensorial modaluty ?n? 2 is geen are perceived in anhoter one. ?n? 3 is red ?In the first leaft are writed the numbers 1,2 and 3 in black and they are repeated ?NEURAL BASIS OF SYNESTHESIA 29 times. The subject must says the numbers as rapidly as possible in 45¡¯¡¯. ?The PET images show us that when a synesthete look a grapheme or sound, ?In the second leaft are writed the graphemes ¡°XXX¡± printed in the colors blue, the visual areas are actived. It make un belive that they can see really colors wich green and red. The subject must says the colors as rapidly as possible in 45¡¯¡¯. sounds or grapheme. ?In the third leaft are writed the numbers but this time in the colors blue, green and red. They are allways in a incongruent association. The subject must to say as ?EXPERIENCES rapidly as possible, first the numbers and after the colors. ?When a synestethe read a newspaper he don¡¯t see it in whrite and black, but he ?To know the susceptibility level we used the susceptibility scale of Martinez see a multicolor palette. Perigot y Asis. ?We pass to a little questionary about the preferences in colors and numbers. Hypnosis ASOCIATION 2 1 3 2 2 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 2 1 3 2 2 ? WHAT¡¯S HYPNOSIS? 1 BLUE ?Hypnosis is a special state of conciousness where the hypnoticed accept all 1 3 1 2 1 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 1 3 1 2 1 2 GREEN orders of the hypnotist. 3 RED 2 1 3 3 1 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 2 1 3 3 1 ?POST-HYPNOTIC ALLUCINATION ?The stimulus we recived directly to the exterior by the sensory organs, like the electromacnetic waves, we call ¡°Sensory Primary Stimulus¡±. ?These stimulus provoke another subjetive types of stimulus, like color and music. Method We call to these one ¡°Sensory Secondary Stimulus¡±. ?It¡¯sn necesari the primary one to provoque the secondary one. ?First we mesured the level of susceptivility. The tree subjets thas have more than ?When apears a Sensory Secondary Stimulus witchout the Sensory Primary 9 pounts in the susceptivility scare they were hipnoticed and they conform the Stimulus is called ¡°allucination¡±. experimental group. ?By means hypnosis we can provoke allucinations. ?The another three subjects were not hypnoticed and conform the control group. ?Alls groups pass the questionary. ?HYPNOSIS OF COLOR ?The control group lerned the asociation and after they did the Stroop task. ?By means hypnosis we can sugest the subjects to see colors. They have the ?The experimental group were hypnoticed and sugest to see all n? 1 whitch a blue allucination of color. ¡°aura¡±, all n? 2 green and all n? 3 red. After that they did the Stroop task. ?To mesure it we can use a Stroop task. Results ?NEURAL BASIS OF HYPNOSIS OF COLOR ?When the subjects are sugested to see color in a PET machinne, whe can see ? The ANOVA analisys show us that exist diferences between the control and that the neuronal areas of the colors are actived. experimental group in the quantity of colors they can says and the quantity of ?It make us thinc that really they are seen the color. colored numbers they can says. ?In both cases the experimental group says lees items and in both cases the error * probability of erros is lees than 0.001%. Synesthesia and hypnosis * ?TABLE OF SULTS * ? We saw before that wen a synesthete look a grapheme, he can see too a color, SUJETO N? COLOR CONTROL N? CON COLOR COLOR CON N? N? EXPERIMENTAL COLOR N? CON COLOR COLOR CON N? and he see really because the color areas are actived. 1 145 101 145 89 137 71 140 50 2 140 90 154 97 145 64 150 55 ?We saw too that when a hypnoticed subject is sugested to see a color, he can 150 90 147 90 99 59 91 47 see really because the color areas in the brain are actived too. 3 MEDIA 145 93,6 148,6 92 * 127 64,6 127 50,6 SUMA MEDIA 435 281 446 276 381 194 381 152 ?So that, if we can asociate the color to the grapheme in the hypnoticed subjects, (SUM MED)*2 189225 78961 198916 76176 145161 37636 145161 23104 we can provoke grapheme-color synesthesia in they. SUM MED*2 63125 26401 66350 25430 49595 12618 50381 7734 PET Image of PET Image of Perceptually ?COMPARATION GROUP X ?COMPARATION GROUP X Perceptually Driven Driven Color Activation in COLOR COLORED NUMBER Color Activation in synesthete Subjectsa FV SC GL MC F TEORICAL F FV SC GL MC F Highly Hypnotizable EG 1261,5 1 1261,5 32,916 0,95F 1,4= 7,71 EG 2562,7 1 2562,7 144,99 Subjectsa ERROR 153,3 4 38,325 ERROR 70,7 4 17,6 0,99F 1,4= 21,20 TOTAL 1414,83 5 TOTAL 2633,4 5 Conclussions ?The data show us that the hypnoticed group have problems in says the colors they are seen, independently of if they are alone or they are in the numbers. ?Perhaps the association i did is in the two ways, not only interfear the number when the color is incongruent whitch it (the n?1 printed which red color is incongruent, the congruent is blue), but also interfear the grapheme ¡°XXX¡±. This grapheme is incongruent too because it is¡¯n any number.