System technologies: What is a computer?
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The aim of this presentation is to equip readers with basic computer concepts and skills. At the end of the presentation readers will be able to know the general modal of a computer, roles, advantages and disadvantages and they will also know the difference between data and information.
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System technologies: What is a computer?
- 2. LESSON OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, learners must be able to: Define a computer and be able to explain the information processing cycle and the devices. Know the different types of computers. Know the hardware and software of computers. Explain the advantages, disadvantages and roles of computers. Know the difference between data and information.
- 3. GETTING TO KNOW A COMPUTER Which one is a computer?
- 4. WHAT IS A COMPUTER? A computer is ANY electronic device that accepts and processes data, stores information and data, and outputs either information for people to use or data for other computers to use. A computer is also called a data processor because it can store, process and retrieve data whenever desired. A computer comprises of hardware and software. Data is raw unprocessed facts it doesnt mean anything on its own. It includes numbers, words, sound, images, etc. Information originates when data is processed into something meaningful and becomes useful in making decisions.
- 5. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE A computer is composed of hardware and software, and both are essential parts of a computer system. Hardware- any parts of the computer that can be seen and touched (Physical/ tangible parts of a computer) Software- parts of the computer that can be seen but cannot be touched. They activate the physical parts of a computer. (Sets of instructions that tell the computer what to do). Here are some examples of hardware and software.
- 6. Hardware can be divided into three parts namely: Input devices Output devices Storage devices Software is divided into two categories namely: System software Application software
- 7. TYPES OF COMPUTERS 1. Desktop computers 2. Servers 3. Dedicated computer 4. Tablet computers 5. Laptop computers
- 8. THE INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE There are five stages in the information processing namely: 1. Input 2. Process 3. Output 4. Storage 5. Communication All computers, whether they are the smartphone in your hand or large, powerful servers, operate on the same five basic stages.
- 9. THE INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE
- 10. INPUT DEVICES Hardware devices that are used to send data to the computer.
- 11. PROCESSING Performing operations on the data.
- 12. OUTPUT DEVICES Hardware equipment's which converts information into human readable form.
- 13. STORAGE DEVICES Devices that are used to store information/ data permanently or temporary.
- 14. COMMUNICATION DEVICES Transmit data, data and information between a sending device and a receiving device.
- 15. ROLES OF COMPUTERS Computers in our homes are commonplace and are used for tasks such as household budgets, schoolwork, research, entertainment and communication. Computers in banking and business are not new, but people can now: withdraw or deposit money at ATMs , use cell phone or Internet banking, buy goods and services over the Internet. Computers are used in education, both at schools and at home. Computers in the health sector play a vital role in complicated medical operations and can assist medical researchers in their quest for new knowledge. Computers have enabled new forms of communication such as: short message service (SMS), e-mail messages social networks on the Internet that are designed to allow people to socialise and communicate.
- 16. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS Computers never gets tired: it is able to do lots of boring, repeating tasks for hours on end. Computers are very fast. Computers dont make mistakes, provided that the programmer of the program did not make any mistakes. Computers are mostly reliable they dont fail without reason. One can use one computer for a lot of different tasks. Dangerous operations, e.g. training of pilots or risky experiments, can be simulated by computers. * Data can be transferred via networks from one computer to another in n very short period of time even at the other end of the world, e.g. SMS, e-mail, etc.
- 17. DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS Health risks long periods of computer use with the body in an incorrect posture may result in repetitive strain injuries and could cause damage to the eyes. No face-to-face interaction with other people could result in anti-social behaviour. Violation of privacy criminals are able to access your computer via the internet unless you take appropriate precautions. Public safety criminals involved in industrial espionage may use computers to access trade secrets or other private information. Impact on employment some people may lose their jobs when companies automate certain procedures and tasks. Impact on the environment the manufacturing process and the irresponsible disposal of computers affects the environment negatively.
- 18. REFERENCES Ancheta, M. (2017) Roles and Functions of Computers. Available from 際際滷share at /MyleneAncheta?utm_campaign=profiletracking&utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=sss lideview (Accessed 10 August 2022). Bagui, G. (2016) Information processing. Available from 際際滷share at /joygracebagui/information-processing-67449640?qid=c3c8b54a-cf9a-487e-9383- 04b3067c73d7&v=&b=&from_search=12 (Accessed 10 August 2022). Johnstone, B.E, Llewellyn, E.L, Mathibela, S.1, Oelofsen, S.M, Rennie, B.G, Van and Kampen, A.A. Via Afrika. Computer Applications Technology. Khanwani, P. (2020) Basics of computer. Available from 際際滷share at /PreetiKhanwani/basics-of-computer-227546517 (Accessed 10 August 2022). Obero, A. (2017) Roles and Functions of Computer. Available from 際際滷share at /AnnelynObero/roles-and-functions-of-computer (Accessed 10 August 2022). Rahim, A. (2016) Basics of the Computer System. Available from 際際滷share at /AhsanRahim1/basics-of-the-computer-system-64301597 (Accessed 10 August 2022). Sahu, S. (2012) Introduction to computers. Available from 際際滷share at /SaumyaranjanSahu/computer-fundamentals-15258375?qid=e46c6154-1bc5-494e- 9f6d-0628fb16cbca&v=&b=&from_search=2 (Accessed 10 August 2022).