The document discusses tackling circular dependency in Java code. Circular dependency occurs when class A uses class B, and class B also uses class A, creating a "chicken and egg" problem for the compiler. This is illustrated with a Building class that contains a Lift object, while the Lift class needs information from the Building class. The solution is to define an interface that the Lift class uses instead of directly using the Building class, avoiding the need to initialize Building to create Lift.