Monopolistic competition is an imperfect market structure between pure monopoly and perfect competition. It is characterized by many firms producing differentiated products and free entry and exit. In the long run, firms will enter and exit the market until economic profits are zero, but monopolistically competitive firms still operate with excess capacity and charge prices above marginal costs. This results in deadweight loss but regulating product differentiation would be difficult. Advertising and brand names are used by firms to differentiate products but their effects on competition and consumer choice are debated.
Monopoly_Chapter 15_Macroeconomics_ Mankew power point slidesdjalex035
油
This chapter discusses monopoly markets. It begins by defining a monopoly as a sole seller of a product without close substitutes. Monopolies arise due to barriers to entry, including ownership of key resources, government protections like patents, or natural monopolies where large scale production is more efficient. As the sole seller, a monopoly faces a downward sloping demand curve and is a price maker, unlike competitive firms which are price takers. The chapter then analyzes how monopolies determine price and quantity to maximize profits by producing at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. This results in the monopoly price exceeding average cost and the firm earning economic profits.
This document contains diagrams and explanations of several key economic concepts related to production possibility frontiers, market supply and demand, price determination, market failure, and government interventions. Some of the key points covered include:
- The production possibility frontier shows the maximum attainable combinations of two goods, with points on or inside the curve representing efficient allocations and points outside being unattainable.
- A shift in market supply or demand leads to changes in the equilibrium price and quantity as the market seeks a new balance.
- Market failures can occur due to externalities, asymmetric information, and public goods problems, resulting in an inefficient allocation of resources.
- Government interventions like taxes, subsidies, and regulations aim to
- In the short run, firms have fixed costs that do not depend on output level. They also have variable costs that vary with output. Total costs are the sum of fixed and variable costs.
- Marginal cost is the change in total cost from producing one additional unit. It reflects changes in variable costs. Marginal cost typically rises as output increases in the short run due to diminishing returns.
- A profit-maximizing firm will produce the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In perfect competition, this occurs where price equals marginal cost.
- A monopoly is a sole seller in a market that faces a downward-sloping demand curve. It is a price maker unlike competitive firms.
- A monopoly maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charging a price above marginal cost.
- This results in a lower quantity and higher price than would be socially optimal, causing deadweight loss.
- Governments address monopoly power through antitrust laws, regulation, or public ownership to increase competition and efficiency.
This document discusses the economic costs of production for businesses. It defines economic costs as the opportunity costs of resources used in production, including both explicit monetary costs and implicit costs. The document distinguishes between accounting profit, which only considers explicit costs, and economic profit, which considers total opportunity costs. It then covers the relationships between total, marginal, and average production in the short-run and how costs like total, average, and marginal costs are derived. Finally, it discusses long-run production costs and how economies of scale can result in lower average costs for businesses.
This document discusses oligopolies and game theory. It explains that when there are few dominant firms in a market, they can engage in practices like price fixing to restrict output and fix higher prices. This allows them to recognize their interdependence and act together to maximize joint profits. However, cartel agreements are often unstable as firms have an incentive to cheat and exceed their output quotas for higher individual profits. This prisoners' dilemma framework illustrates why cooperation is difficult even when it benefits all parties. Game theory models are useful for understanding interdependent pricing and other strategic decisions in oligopolistic markets.
This document discusses government policies related to competitive markets. It begins by defining consumer surplus and producer surplus, which are used to evaluate the gains and losses from policies. Price controls are examined as an example, showing the deadweight loss. Other topics covered include the efficiency of competitive markets; minimum prices; price supports and production quotas; import quotas and tariffs; and the impact of taxes and subsidies. Specific examples analyzed include price controls on natural gas and policies related to kidney markets.
The document discusses the model of perfect competition. It outlines the key assumptions behind a perfectly competitive market, including many suppliers and buyers, homogeneous products, perfect information and no barriers to entry or exit. It also examines characteristics such as firms being price takers. The model shows how markets reach a long-run equilibrium where price equals average cost and normal profits are earned. Perfect competition is said to promote both productive and allocative efficiency. However, the model is largely theoretical as very few real world markets exhibit all the strict assumptions of perfect competition.
Macroeconomics_Elasticity and its Applicationsdjalex035
油
This chapter discusses elasticity, which measures how responsive buyers and sellers are to changes in price. It defines price elasticity of demand as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Factors that make demand more elastic include availability of substitutes, whether a good is a necessity or luxury, how broadly the market is defined, and the time period considered. Price elasticity of supply is defined similarly for quantity supplied. Factors that make supply more elastic include the ability to change production and longer time periods. The chapter examines how elasticity relates to total revenue and applies elasticity concepts to different markets.
Monopolistic competition describes a market structure with many small businesses that sell differentiated but similar products. While firms compete on price, they also engage in non-price competition through product differentiation, branding, and advertising. In the short run, firms maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the long run, free entry and exit causes average costs to equal prices as firms earn zero economic profit.
The document discusses market structures and perfect competition. It defines perfect competition as a market with many small firms, homogeneous products, firms that are price takers, and easy entry and exit. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost to maximize profits. In the long run, perfect competition leads to normal profits as firms enter and exit the market.
1) The document discusses the characteristics and behavior of firms operating in perfectly competitive markets. It addresses factors like revenue, costs, and profit maximization.
2) A competitive firm is a price taker and will produce at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, as this maximizes profits.
3) The marginal cost curve represents the firm's supply curve - at a higher price, the profit-maximizing quantity supplied increases as costs are covered at a greater output level.
This document discusses profit maximization and competitive supply. It begins by defining perfectly competitive markets and their key characteristics of price taking, product homogeneity, and free entry/exit. It then explains that firms seek to maximize profits in the long run. Using marginal revenue and marginal cost, it shows that firms maximize profits by producing at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the short run, individual firms and industries will increase or decrease output in response to price changes until marginal cost again equals price at the new profit-maximizing quantity.
The document discusses returns to scale in production. It defines returns to scale as the degree to which output changes with a change in all input factors. There are three types of returns to scale: constant, where a change in inputs leads to a proportional change in output; increasing, where more output is generated than the input change; and decreasing, where less output results than the input change. The document provides examples of each type of returns to scale and notes the assumptions needed for the law of returns to scale to apply, such as all inputs being variable and technology remaining constant.
This document discusses oligopolies, which are markets with only a few sellers. It notes that oligopolies exist between perfect competition and monopoly. Oligopolies are characterized by interdependent firms with incentives both to cooperate like a monopoly and compete with each other. The document uses game theory concepts like the prisoner's dilemma to explain why cooperation is difficult for oligopolists seeking individual profit maximization. Antitrust policy aims to prevent anticompetitive behavior and encourage more competitive outcomes in oligopolistic markets.
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We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
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# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
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This document discusses the different types of costs that firms face in production. It defines total, fixed, variable, average, and marginal costs. Total cost is the market value of all inputs used and includes both explicit costs that require money outlays and implicit opportunity costs. Fixed costs do not vary with output while variable costs do. The relationships between these costs are shown using tables of data and graphs of cost curves, including the typical U-shaped average total cost curve. Costs differ in the short-run versus long-run due to variable fixed costs.
Monopolistic competition is characterized by many sellers offering differentiated products, free entry and exit into the market, and firms competing through non-price factors like advertising. In the short run, firms will earn economic profits or losses depending on demand. In the long run, free entry and exit will drive profits to zero as firms enter industries with profits and exit those with losses. While prices exceed marginal costs as in a monopoly, free entry ensures prices equal average costs in the long run as in perfect competition. However, monopolistic competition is not as efficient as perfect competition due to deadweight loss from prices above marginal costs.
This document discusses perfect competition in the rice market. It describes that the rice market exhibits characteristics of perfect competition, including: (1) there being many small rice farming firms and buyers/sellers, (2) the rice product being standardized/homogeneous, and (3) easy entry and exit for firms in the market. The document also notes that international rice trade can demonstrate perfect competition when trade barriers are low, causing domestic rice prices to align with global prices.
Monopoly_Chapter 15_Macroeconomics_ Mankew power point slidesdjalex035
油
This chapter discusses monopoly markets. It begins by defining a monopoly as a sole seller of a product without close substitutes. Monopolies arise due to barriers to entry, including ownership of key resources, government protections like patents, or natural monopolies where large scale production is more efficient. As the sole seller, a monopoly faces a downward sloping demand curve and is a price maker, unlike competitive firms which are price takers. The chapter then analyzes how monopolies determine price and quantity to maximize profits by producing at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. This results in the monopoly price exceeding average cost and the firm earning economic profits.
This document contains diagrams and explanations of several key economic concepts related to production possibility frontiers, market supply and demand, price determination, market failure, and government interventions. Some of the key points covered include:
- The production possibility frontier shows the maximum attainable combinations of two goods, with points on or inside the curve representing efficient allocations and points outside being unattainable.
- A shift in market supply or demand leads to changes in the equilibrium price and quantity as the market seeks a new balance.
- Market failures can occur due to externalities, asymmetric information, and public goods problems, resulting in an inefficient allocation of resources.
- Government interventions like taxes, subsidies, and regulations aim to
- In the short run, firms have fixed costs that do not depend on output level. They also have variable costs that vary with output. Total costs are the sum of fixed and variable costs.
- Marginal cost is the change in total cost from producing one additional unit. It reflects changes in variable costs. Marginal cost typically rises as output increases in the short run due to diminishing returns.
- A profit-maximizing firm will produce the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In perfect competition, this occurs where price equals marginal cost.
- A monopoly is a sole seller in a market that faces a downward-sloping demand curve. It is a price maker unlike competitive firms.
- A monopoly maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charging a price above marginal cost.
- This results in a lower quantity and higher price than would be socially optimal, causing deadweight loss.
- Governments address monopoly power through antitrust laws, regulation, or public ownership to increase competition and efficiency.
This document discusses the economic costs of production for businesses. It defines economic costs as the opportunity costs of resources used in production, including both explicit monetary costs and implicit costs. The document distinguishes between accounting profit, which only considers explicit costs, and economic profit, which considers total opportunity costs. It then covers the relationships between total, marginal, and average production in the short-run and how costs like total, average, and marginal costs are derived. Finally, it discusses long-run production costs and how economies of scale can result in lower average costs for businesses.
This document discusses oligopolies and game theory. It explains that when there are few dominant firms in a market, they can engage in practices like price fixing to restrict output and fix higher prices. This allows them to recognize their interdependence and act together to maximize joint profits. However, cartel agreements are often unstable as firms have an incentive to cheat and exceed their output quotas for higher individual profits. This prisoners' dilemma framework illustrates why cooperation is difficult even when it benefits all parties. Game theory models are useful for understanding interdependent pricing and other strategic decisions in oligopolistic markets.
This document discusses government policies related to competitive markets. It begins by defining consumer surplus and producer surplus, which are used to evaluate the gains and losses from policies. Price controls are examined as an example, showing the deadweight loss. Other topics covered include the efficiency of competitive markets; minimum prices; price supports and production quotas; import quotas and tariffs; and the impact of taxes and subsidies. Specific examples analyzed include price controls on natural gas and policies related to kidney markets.
The document discusses the model of perfect competition. It outlines the key assumptions behind a perfectly competitive market, including many suppliers and buyers, homogeneous products, perfect information and no barriers to entry or exit. It also examines characteristics such as firms being price takers. The model shows how markets reach a long-run equilibrium where price equals average cost and normal profits are earned. Perfect competition is said to promote both productive and allocative efficiency. However, the model is largely theoretical as very few real world markets exhibit all the strict assumptions of perfect competition.
Macroeconomics_Elasticity and its Applicationsdjalex035
油
This chapter discusses elasticity, which measures how responsive buyers and sellers are to changes in price. It defines price elasticity of demand as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Factors that make demand more elastic include availability of substitutes, whether a good is a necessity or luxury, how broadly the market is defined, and the time period considered. Price elasticity of supply is defined similarly for quantity supplied. Factors that make supply more elastic include the ability to change production and longer time periods. The chapter examines how elasticity relates to total revenue and applies elasticity concepts to different markets.
Monopolistic competition describes a market structure with many small businesses that sell differentiated but similar products. While firms compete on price, they also engage in non-price competition through product differentiation, branding, and advertising. In the short run, firms maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the long run, free entry and exit causes average costs to equal prices as firms earn zero economic profit.
The document discusses market structures and perfect competition. It defines perfect competition as a market with many small firms, homogeneous products, firms that are price takers, and easy entry and exit. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost to maximize profits. In the long run, perfect competition leads to normal profits as firms enter and exit the market.
1) The document discusses the characteristics and behavior of firms operating in perfectly competitive markets. It addresses factors like revenue, costs, and profit maximization.
2) A competitive firm is a price taker and will produce at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, as this maximizes profits.
3) The marginal cost curve represents the firm's supply curve - at a higher price, the profit-maximizing quantity supplied increases as costs are covered at a greater output level.
This document discusses profit maximization and competitive supply. It begins by defining perfectly competitive markets and their key characteristics of price taking, product homogeneity, and free entry/exit. It then explains that firms seek to maximize profits in the long run. Using marginal revenue and marginal cost, it shows that firms maximize profits by producing at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the short run, individual firms and industries will increase or decrease output in response to price changes until marginal cost again equals price at the new profit-maximizing quantity.
The document discusses returns to scale in production. It defines returns to scale as the degree to which output changes with a change in all input factors. There are three types of returns to scale: constant, where a change in inputs leads to a proportional change in output; increasing, where more output is generated than the input change; and decreasing, where less output results than the input change. The document provides examples of each type of returns to scale and notes the assumptions needed for the law of returns to scale to apply, such as all inputs being variable and technology remaining constant.
This document discusses oligopolies, which are markets with only a few sellers. It notes that oligopolies exist between perfect competition and monopoly. Oligopolies are characterized by interdependent firms with incentives both to cooperate like a monopoly and compete with each other. The document uses game theory concepts like the prisoner's dilemma to explain why cooperation is difficult for oligopolists seeking individual profit maximization. Antitrust policy aims to prevent anticompetitive behavior and encourage more competitive outcomes in oligopolistic markets.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
This document discusses the different types of costs that firms face in production. It defines total, fixed, variable, average, and marginal costs. Total cost is the market value of all inputs used and includes both explicit costs that require money outlays and implicit opportunity costs. Fixed costs do not vary with output while variable costs do. The relationships between these costs are shown using tables of data and graphs of cost curves, including the typical U-shaped average total cost curve. Costs differ in the short-run versus long-run due to variable fixed costs.
Monopolistic competition is characterized by many sellers offering differentiated products, free entry and exit into the market, and firms competing through non-price factors like advertising. In the short run, firms will earn economic profits or losses depending on demand. In the long run, free entry and exit will drive profits to zero as firms enter industries with profits and exit those with losses. While prices exceed marginal costs as in a monopoly, free entry ensures prices equal average costs in the long run as in perfect competition. However, monopolistic competition is not as efficient as perfect competition due to deadweight loss from prices above marginal costs.
This document discusses perfect competition in the rice market. It describes that the rice market exhibits characteristics of perfect competition, including: (1) there being many small rice farming firms and buyers/sellers, (2) the rice product being standardized/homogeneous, and (3) easy entry and exit for firms in the market. The document also notes that international rice trade can demonstrate perfect competition when trade barriers are low, causing domestic rice prices to align with global prices.
Development Analytics - Etki Analizi Eitimi (Part 1/8)Meltem Aran, Ph.D.
油
Etki Analizi (impact evaluation) kalk脹nma programlar脹n脹n sonu巽lar脹n脹 hane, birey veya firma seviyesinde bilimsel olarak 旦l巽mek i巽in yap脹l脹r. Niceliksel 旦l巽端mlerde kullan脹lan metodlar bu iki g端nl端k eitimde 旦rnekler ve vaka 巽al脹malar脹 端st端nden anlat脹lmaktad脹r.
Eitim program脹 ile ilgilenebilecek kurumlar: sosyal politika uygulay脹c脹s脹 bakanl脹klar, STK'lar ve vak脹flar, belediyeler.
Econ315 Money and Banking: Learning Unit 14: Stock market Analysis sakanor
油
This document provides an overview of stock market analysis. It discusses how stock prices are determined using fundamental and technical analysis approaches. Fundamental analysis involves predicting future cash flows, valuing stocks using discounting models, and the efficient market hypothesis. Dividend discount models are presented to value stocks based on expected future dividends, including constant growth, increasing, and one period models. The role of expectations in stock valuation is explained, comparing adaptive and rational expectations approaches.
2. Tam Rekabet Piyasas脹
ATOM聴S聴TE 巽ok say脹da al脹c脹 ve sat脹c脹
hi巽 kimse tek ba脹na fiyat脹 deitiremez
F聴YAT ALICISI firmalar fiyat脹 veri al脹rlar
dolay脹syla kar脹lat脹klar脹 talep erisi yatayd脹r
HOMOJENL聴K mallar homojendir
TAM B聴LG聴 al脹c脹lar ve t端keticiler m端kemmel bilgiye
sahiptir
MOB聴L聴TE firmalar脹n piyasaya giri ve 巽脹k脹脹
serbest, kolay.
zellikleri
10. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
TC TR
TAM REKABETTE TOPLAM GEL聴R DORUSU VE
TOPLAM MAL聴YET ER聴S聴
TR>TC kar Maksimum
MR=MC
KISA DNEM DENGE
MR=MC
KAR MAKS聴MUM
11. TRveTC
TOPLAM GEL聴R, TOPLAM MAL聴YETE GRE F聴RMA DENGES聴
Q
TR
TC
FC
2 5
a
b
0
60
4
40
10
MR=MC
Zarar
Kar
Zarar
P=
Q=
AR=
MR=
AC=
AVC=
AFC=
15
4
15
15
10
7.5
2.5
TR=
TFC=
TVC=
TC=
Kar-zarar=
60
10
30
40
20
Tam Rekabette
firman脹n
Normal端st端
kar脹=20
a ve b noktas脹
Baaba noktas脹d脹r.
13. TRveTC
TAM REKABETTE
TOPLAM GEL聴R, TOPLAM MAL聴YETE GRE F聴RMA DENGES聴
Q
TR
TC
FC
a
0 4
40
10
MR=MC
Zarar
Zarar
P=
Q=
AR=
MR=
AC=
AVC=
AFC=
10
4
10
10
10
7.5
2.5
TR=
TFC=
TVC=
TC=
Kar-zarar=
40
10
30
40
0
Normal端st端 kar脹=0
Normal kar>0
14. CveR(00) TAM REKABETTE F聴RMA DENGES聴 (TR, TC)
Q (00)
TR
TC
FC
a
0 2
30
10
MR=MC
Zarar
Zarar
P=
Q=
AR=
MR=
AC=
AVC=
AFC=
10
2
10
10
15
10
5
TR=
TFC=
TVC=
TC=
Kar-zarar=
20
10
20
30
-10
Normal端st端 kar脹=0
Normal zarar=-10
b
20
Q=0 ise zarar=-10
Q=2 ise zarar=-10
Firma faaliyete
devam konusunda
KARARSIZ
b旦lgededir.
Kar=TVC
15. Kapanma noktas脹 (Karars脹z Nokta)
Copyright 息 2006 South-Western/Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
0 Q
P,C
P1P1
P2P2
P3P3
AVCAC
MC
B
A
16. Tam rekabet alt脹nda arz erisi
her fiyat seviyesinde
firman脹n ne kadar
端reteceini g旦sterir.
P1
TL
脹kt脹
SAVC
SMC
Q1
SATC
P3
A
C
Q3
SAVCnin 端st端nde kalan
SMC erisinin firman脹n
KISA-DNEM ARZ
ER聴S聴N聴 temsil eder
17. KPSS 2003
8. Tam rekabet koullar脹nda 巽al脹an bir firman脹n k脹sa d旦nem arz erisi
aa脹dakilerden hangisidir?
A) Ortalama toplam maliyet erisinin y端kselen k脹sm脹
B) Marjinal maliyet erisinin ortalama toplam maliyet erisinin 端zerinde kalan k脹sm脹
C) Marjinal maliyet erisinin ortalama sabit maliyet erisinin 端zerinde kalan k脹sm脹
D) Ortalama deiken maliyet erisinin y端kselen k脹sm脹
E) Marjinal maliyet erisinin ortalama deiken maliyet erisinin 端zerinde kalan k脹sm脹
E) Marjinal maliyet erisinin ortalama deiken maliyet erisinin 端zerinde kalan k脹sm脹
K聴K 2006
88. Tam rekabet piyasas脹nda faaliyet g旦steren bir firma i巽in talep erisinin
eimi ve esneklii ka巽t脹r?
Eim Esneklik
A) -1 0
B) 0
C)
D) 0
E) 0 0
Eim Esneklik
B) 0
18. (a) Ekonomik kar (b) Normal kar (c) Zarar
ORTALAMA GEL聴R-ORTALAMA MAL聴YETE GRE F聴RMA DENGES聴
Q Q Q
Fiyat
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 12
d
MC
a P = MR
b ATC
AVC
e
Kar
c
MC
ATC
AVC
MC
ATC
AVC
Zarar
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 12
P = MR
P = MR
Fiyat Fiyat
19. TAM REKABET P聴YASASI
AIRI ZARAR
C, R
Miktar
P = MR = AR
MC
AC
10
AVC
8
5
TFC
TR<TC
6
TVC
Toplam
Zarar
P=
Q=
AR=
MR=
AC=
AVC=
AFC=
5
10
5
5
8
6
2
TR=
TFC=
TVC=
TC=
Kar-zarar=
50
20
60
80
-30
A脹r脹 zarar
Q=10 ise zarar=-30
Q=0 ise zarar=TFC=20
Firma faaliyetini
durdurur
23. P>ATC ise k脹sa d旦nemde NORMAL ST (AIRI) kar
TR>TC ise k脹sa d旦nemde NORMAL ST (AIRI) kar
P=ATC ise k脹sa d旦nemde NORMAL kar
TR=TC ise k脹sa d旦nemde NORMAL kar
P<ATC ise k脹sa d旦nemde ZARAR
TR<TC ise k脹sa d旦nemde ZARAR
P=AVC ise k脹sa d旦nemde RET聴P-RETMEDE KARARSIZ
KAPANMA NOKTASI
P<AVC ise k脹sa d旦nemde ZARAR Firma Ge巽ici olarak kapan脹r
24. SAYITAY-2007
Marjinal has脹lat (gelir) erisi firmaya ait aa脹daki fonksiyonlar脹n
hangisinden t端retmek m端mk端nd端r?
A) Arz
B) Talep
C) retim
D) Marjinal maliyet
E) Ortalama deiken maliyet
TR=P.Q
B) Talep
聴DAR聴 YARGI 2001
Tam rekabet巽i firman脹n marjinal geliri nas脹ld脹r?
A) rettii mal脹n fiyat脹na eittir
B) rettii mal脹n fiyat脹ndan d端端kt端r
C) rettii mal脹n fiyat脹ndan fazlad脹r
D) Mal脹n talep esneklii birden b端y端kse o mal脹n fiyat脹ndan fazlad脹r
E) Mal脹n talep esneklii birden b端y端kse o mal脹n fiyat脹ndan d端端kt端r
A) rettii mal脹n fiyat脹na eittir P=MR
Qd=10-P (Talep denklemi)
P=10-Q (Ters talep denklemi)
TR=Q(10-Q)=10Q-Q2
MR=10-2Q
25. O
P
C
(b) Firma
Q (bin)
O
(a) Piyasa
P
Q (milyon)
S
D
Pe
MC
AR
D = AR
= MR
Qe
AC
AC
TAM REKABETTE KISA DNEMDE P聴YASA
(ENDSTR聴) VE F聴RMA DENGES聴
26. Qe
P1
D1 = AR1
= MR1
AR1
O O
(a) Piyasa
P P
C
Q (milyon)
S
D
(b) Firma
MC AC
AC
Q (bin)
Tam Rekabette K脹sa D旦nemde
Zarar Eden Firma
27. D2
Tam Rekabette A脹r脹 Zarar ve
retimi Durdurma
O O
(a) Piyasa
P P
P2
Q (milyon)
S
(b) Firma
AR2
D2 = AR2
= MR2
MC AC
AVC
Q (bin)
28. Tam Rekabet Piyasas脹
K脹sa D旦nemde
Firman脹n K脹sa D旦nem Arz Erisi Ayn脹 Zamanda MC erisi ile 旦zdetir
Piyasan脹n K脹sa D旦nem Arz Erisi
Firmalar脹n Arz Erilerinin Yatay Toplam脹d脹r
Uzun d旦nemde piyasaya giri devam eder ve normal 端st端 kar ortadan
kalkar
uzun d旦nem dengede sadece normal kar vard脹r.
Firma dengesi
LRAC=AC=MC=MR=AR eitlii salan脹r.
29. O O
P R
C
P
Q (milyon)
S1
D
LRAC
PL
P1
q2
Se
AR1 D1
ARL DL
Q (bin)
Tam Rekabette Uzun D旦nem Dengesi
Yeni firma girii Normal 端st端 kar
A脹r脹 kar normal
Kara d端er
(a) Piyasa (b) Firma
Piyasa
G
eniliyor
q1
q2
Piyasa geniledik巽e artan rekabet P, AR,
MR azal脹r ortalama maliyeti d端端k
firmalar piyasada kalmaya devam eder.
30. KPSS 2009
Bir end端stride iktisadi kar脹n varl脹脹n脹 aa脹dakilerden hangisi g旦sterir?
A) T端ketici talebini daha fazla kar脹lamak i巽in end端strinin genilemesi gerektii
B) r端n fiyat脹n脹 art脹rarak end端strinin daha fazla kar edebileceini
C) End端strinin 端retken kapasite fazlal脹脹na sahip olduunu
D) End端strinin t端keticinin arzulad脹脹 b端y端kl端kte olduunu
E) End端strinin optimum b端y端kl端kte 端retimi ger巽ekletirdiini
A) T端ketici talebini daha fazla kar脹lamak i巽in end端strinin genilemesi gerektii
KPSS-2002
14. Rekabet巽i bir end端stride 旦nemli 旦l巽端de iktisadi k但r ger巽ekletiriliyorsa,
aa脹dakilerden hangisi meydana gelir?
A) retim ve 端r端n fiyat脹 d端er, iktisadi k但r yok olma eilimine girer,
B) retim d端er, 端r端n fiyat脹 y端kselir ve iktisadi k但r yok olma eilimine girer,
C) retim artar, 端r端n fiyat脹 d端er ve iktisadi k但r yok olma eilimine girer.
D) retim ve 端r端n fiyat脹 artar, iktisadi k但r yok olma eilimine girer.
E) retim artar, 端r端n f樽yata d端er ve iktisadi k但r y端kselme eilimine girer.
C) retim artar, 端r端n fiyat脹 d端er ve iktisadi k但r yok olma eilimine girer.
32. KPSS 2003
10. Tam rekabet巽i bir firman脹n faaliyet kar脹n脹n s脹f脹r olmas脹 durumunda
aa脹dakilerden hangisi ortaya 巽脹kar?
A) Toplam Has脹lat=Toplam Maliyet
B) Toplam Has脹lat>Toplam Deiken Maliyet
C) Toplam Has脹lat=Toplam Deiken Maliyet
D) Toplam Has脹lat<Toplam Deiken Maliyet
E) Toplam Has脹lat-Toplam Sabit Maliyet>Toplam Deiken maliyet
A) Toplam Has脹lat=Toplam Maliyet
KPSS 2005
10. Tam rekabet piyasas脹nda faaliyet g旦steren ve k脹sa d旦nemde pozitif ekonomik
kar elde eden bir firma ortalama toplam maliyet erisinin hangi b旦lgesinde 端retim
yapmaktad脹r?
A) Erinin 端st端nde kalan alanda
B) Erinin alt脹nda kalan alanda
C) Erinin pozitif eime sahip olduu k脹s脹mda
D) Erinin negatif eime sahip olduu k脹s脹mda
E) Erinin minimum k脹sm脹nda
C) Erinin pozitif eime sahip olduu k脹s脹mda
33. KAYMAKAMLIK 2009
132. Herhangi bir piyasadaki talep fazlas脹n脹 ortadan
kald脹rmak ve piyasan脹n etkinliini bozmamak i巽in
h端k短met hangi politikay脹 uygulamal脹d脹r?
A) S旦z konusu mal i巽in miktar tay脹nlamas脹na giderek fiyat脹 y端kseltmelidir.
B) T端ketimden al脹nan vergileri azaltarak fiyatlar脹n d端mesini salamal脹d脹r.
C) Firmalardan al脹nan vergileri azaltarak arz脹n artmas脹n脹 salamal脹d脹r.
D) Fiyat kontrollerini benimseyerek fiyat脹 d端端rmelidir.
E) Piyasada ortaya 巽脹kan fiyat art脹脹 talep fazlas脹n脹
ortadan kald脹raca脹ndan herhangi bir ey yapmaya gerek yoktur.
E) Piyasada ortaya 巽脹kan fiyat art脹脹 talep fazlas脹n脹
ortadan kald脹raca脹ndan herhangi bir ey yapmaya gerek yoktur.
34. KAYMAKAMLIK 2009
135. Aa脹dakilerden hangisi tam rekabet ve tekelci
rekabet modellerinin her ikisi i巽in de dorudur?
A) Firmalar farkl脹lat脹r脹lm脹 bir 端r端n端 端retirler.
B) Firmalar negatif eimli bir talep erisine sahiptirler.
C) Firmalar homojen bir 端r端n端 端retirler.
D) Uzun d旦nemde piyasaya giri ve piyasadan 巽脹k脹 serbestisi vard脹r.
E) Piyasaya giri ve piyasadan 巽脹k脹 旦n端ndeki engeller firmalar脹n uzun d旦nemde
dahi pozitif k但rlar elde etmelerini salar.
D) Uzun d旦nemde piyasaya giri ve piyasadan 巽脹k脹 serbestisi vard脹r.
134. Hem 端r端n hem de emek piyasas脹nda fiyat al脹c脹
konumunda olan bir firmayla ilgili aa脹daki ifadelerden
hangisi dorudur?
A) K脹sa d旦nemde iktisadi k但r脹 s脹f脹rd脹r.
B) Emein marjinal verimlilii s脹f脹r olana kadar i g端c端 talebinde bulunur.
C) Emein marjinal verimlilii 端r端n fiyat脹na eit olana kadar i g端c端 talebinde bulunur.
D) Emein marjinal 端r端n has脹lat脹 端r端n fiyat脹na eit olana kadar i g端c端 talebinde
bulunur.
E) Emein marjinal 端r端n has脹lat脹 nominal 端crete eit olana kadar i g端c端 talebinde
bulunur.
E) MRP=w
MRP=w. MP
35. SAYITAY-2008
120. Firman脹n k但r maksimizasyonunu salad脹脹 noktada aa脹dakilerden
hangisi s旦z konusudur?
A) Toplam maliyet s脹f脹ra eit olur
B) Marjinal maliyet s脹f脹ra eit olur
C) Marjinal has脹lat s脹f脹ra eit olur
D) Marjinal has脹lat ile marjinal maliyet aras脹ndaki fark s脹f脹ra eit olur
E) Toplam has脹lat ile toplam maliyet aras脹ndaki fark s脹f脹ra eit olur
D) Marjinal has脹lat ile marjinal maliyet aras脹ndaki fark s脹f脹ra eit olur
MAL聴YE BAKANLII MAL聴 H聴Z. UZM. YRD. -2008
15. Bir tam rekabet firmas脹 marjinal maliyetin azalmakta olduu b旦lgede ve fiyat脹n
marjinal maliyete eit olduu noktada 端retim yap脹yorsa firma ile ilgili olarak
aa脹dakilerden hangisi dorudur?
A) Maliyet minimizasyonu ger巽eklemitir
B) Firma 端retimini art脹r脹rsa k但r脹 azal脹r
C) Firma 端retimini azalt脹rsa k但r脹 artar
D) K但r maksimizasyonu ger巽eklemitir
E) K但r minimizasyonu ger巽eklemitir
E) K但r minimizasyonu ger巽eklemitir
36. KPSS 2006
9. K脹sa d旦nem dengesinde zarar eden tam rekabet巽i bir firma nas脹l davran脹r?
A) Fiyat ortalama deiken maliyetten k端巽端kse 端retimi s端rd端r端r.
B) Optimumdan k端巽端k 旦l巽ekte bir tesisle 巽al脹脹yorsa 端retimi s端rd端r端r.
C) Toplam zarar脹 toplam sabit maliyetten b端y端kse 端retimi s端rd端r端r.
D) Baaba noktas脹na kadar 端retimi s端rd端r端r.
E) Fiyat ortalama deiken maliyete eit veya ondan b端y端kse 端retimi s端rd端r端r.
E) Fiyat ortalama deiken maliyete eit veya ondan b端y端kse 端retimi s端rd端r端r.
KPSS 2009
10. Bir tam rekabet firmas脹, k但r maksimizasyonunu salayan 端retim d端zeyinden
daha b端y端k bir 端retim ger巽ekletiriyorsa firma ile ilgili olarak aa脹dakilerden
hangisi s旦ylenebilir?
A) Marjinal maliyet marjinal has脹lattan b端y端kt端r.
B) Marjinal has脹lat marjinal maliyetten b端y端kt端r.
C) Fiyat marjinal has脹lattan b端y端kt端r.
D) Marjinal has脹lat fiyattan b端y端kt端r.
E) Marjinal maliyet negatiftir.
A) Marjinal maliyet marjinal
has脹lattan b端y端kt端r.
37. ZIRAAT BANKASI SINAVI-2008
115. Tam rekabet piyasas脹nda marjinal maliyeti 4 TL olan bir firma,
fiyat 3 TL iken k脹sa d旦nemde ka巽 birim 端retim yapar?
A) 0 B) 1 C) 3 D) 4 E) 12
A) 0
SAYITAY-2008
119. Bir firma k脹sa d旦nemde kapanma noktas脹nda 端retim yap脹yorsa
bu durum ile ilgili aa脹daki ifadelerden hangisi dorudur?
A) Firman脹n toplam has脹lat脹 ve sabit maliyetleri s脹f脹rd脹r
B) Firman脹n toplam has脹lat脹 ile toplam deiken maliyetleri s脹f脹rd脹r
C) Firma, yaln脹zca normal k但r elde eder
D) Firma, elde ettii has脹latla yaln脹zca sabit maliyetlerini kar脹layabilir
E) Firma, elde ettii has脹latla yaln脹zca deiken maliyetlerini kar脹layabilir
E) Firma, elde ettii has脹latla yaln脹zca deiken maliyetlerini kar脹layabilir
38. KPSS 2007
Tam rekabet piyasas脹nda faaliyet g旦steren bir firman脹n kulland脹脹 girdilerin
fiyatlar脹n脹n artmas脹 sonucu marjinal maliyet erisi ve 端retim miktar脹 nas脹l
deiir?
Marjinal Maliyet retim Miktar脹
A) Yukar脹 kayar Artar
B) Yukar脹 kayar Azal脹r
C) Aa脹 kayar Artar
D) Aa脹 kayar Azal脹r
E) Aa脹 kayar Deimez
B) Yukar脹 kayar Azal脹r
KPSS 2007
Rekabet巽i bir firman脹n toplam maliyet fonksiyonu TC=20+0.2Y2
dir.
Piyasa fiyat脹 P=20 ise firman脹n kar脹 ka巽t脹r?
A) -20 B) 60 C) 120 D) 240 E)480
MC= 0.4Y MC=MR P=MR MC=P MC=20
20=0.4Y Y=50 TR=P.Q TR=20(50)=1000 TC=20+0.2(50)2
=520
Kar=TR-TC== 1000-520 =480 E) 480
39. KPSS-2004
3.K脹sa d旦nem toplam maliyet fonksiyonu
olan bir tam rekabet firmas脹n脹n normal k但r
salamas脹na neden olacak veri piyasa fiyat脹 ka巽t脹r?
A) 57 B) 25 C) 6,5 D) 5 E) 0
50Q10QATC
Q50Q10QSTC
2
23
+=
+=
50)5(105AC 2
+=
QQQSTC 5010 23
+=
5Q
010Q2
dQ
dTC
=
== 25PAC
25505025AC
==
=+=
40. SAYITAY-2006
122. Tam rekabet piyasas脹nda bulunan bir firma, aa脹daki durumlar脹n hangisinde
k脹sa d旦nemde 端retim faaliyetini durdurma karar脹 al脹r?
A) Toplam sabit maliyetler 巽ok fazlaysa
B) Toplam has脹la sabit maliyetleri kar脹lam脹yorsa
C) Toplam has脹la toplam maliyetleri kar脹lam脹yorsa
D) Toplam has脹la deiken maliyetleri kar脹lam脹yorsa
E) Firma pozitif k但r elde edemiyorsa
D) Toplam has脹la deiken maliyetleri kar脹lam脹yorsa
2007 KAYMAKAMLIK
122. Marjinal maliyet erisi U eklinde olan bir firman脹n k但r脹n脹 maksimize eden
端retim d端zeyiyle ilgili aa脹daki ifadelerden hangisi dorudur?
A) Her zaman pozitif ekonomik k但r anlam脹na gelir.
B) Her zaman pozitif 端retici art脹脹 anlam脹na gelir.
C) Marjinal maliyetin marjinal has脹lata eit olduu ve marjinal maliyetin azald脹脹
yerdedir.
D) Marjinal maliyetin marjinal has脹lata eit olduu ve marjinal maliyetin artt脹脹 yerdedir.
E) Marjinal maliyetin marjinal has脹lata eit olduu ve marjinal maliyetin sabit olduu
yerdedir.
D) Marjinal maliyetin marjinal has脹lata eit olduu ve marjinal maliyetin artt脹脹 yerdedir.
41. KPSS-2007
9. Tam rekabet piyasas脹nda faaliyet g旦steren bir firman脹n kulland脹脹 girdilerin
fiyatlar脹n脹n artmas脹 sonucu marjinal maliyet erisi ve 端retim miktar脹 nas脹l deiir?
Marjinal maliyet erisi retim miktar脹
A) Yukar脹 kayar Artar
B) Yukar脹 kayar Azal脹r
C) Aa脹 kayar Artar
D) Aa脹 kayar Azal脹r
E) Aa脹 kayar Deimez
B) Yukar脹 kayar Azal脹r
KPSS 2009
10. Bir tam rekabet firmas脹, k但r maksimizasyonunu salayan 端retim d端zeyinden
daha b端y端k bir 端retim ger巽ekletiriyorsa firma ile ilgili olarak aa脹dakilerden
hangisi s旦ylenebilir?
A) Marjinal maliyet marjinal has脹lattan b端y端kt端r.
B) Marjinal has脹lat marjinal maliyetten b端y端kt端r.
C) Fiyat marjinal has脹lattan b端y端kt端r.
D) Marjinal has脹lat fiyattan b端y端kt端r.
E) Marjinal maliyet negatiftir.
A) Marjinal maliyet marjinal has脹lattan b端y端kt端r.
42. SAYITAY-2006
121. Rekabet巽i bir end端stride firmalar脹n ortalama ve marjinal maliyet erilerinin U
eklinde olduu varsay脹ld脹脹nda, k脹sa d旦nem k但r maksimizasyonunun ger巽ekletii
端retim d端zeyiyle ilgili aa脹daki ifadelerden hangisi dorudur?
A) Marjinal maliyet, marjinal has脹lata eittir ve marjinal maliyet erisinin eimi,
marjinal has脹lat erisinin eiminden b端y端kt端r.
B) Marjinal maliyet, marjinal has脹lata eittir ve marjinal maliyet erisinin eimi,
marjinal has脹lat erisinin eiminden k端巽端kt端r.
C) Marjinal maliyet, marjinal has脹lata eittir ve marjinal maliyet erisi, marjinal has脹lat
erisini 端stten keser.
D) Ortalama maliyet, marjinal has脹lata eittir ve ortalama maliyet erisinin eimi,
marjinal has脹lat erisinin eiminden b端y端kt端r.
E) Ortalama maliyet, marjinal has脹lata eittir ve ortalama maliyet erisi, marjinal has脹lat
erisini alttan keser.
D) Ortalama maliyet, marjinal has脹lata eittir ve ortalama maliyet erisinin eimi,
marjinal has脹lat erisinin eiminden b端y端kt端r.
43. 2006 KAYMAKAMLIK
121. Tam rekabet piyasas脹nda faaliyet g旦steren bir firma k脹sa d旦nemde
dengedeyse, bu firma i巽in aa脹dakilerden hangisi s旦ylenebilir?
A) Zarar etmiyor demektir.
B) K但r脹 s脹f脹ra eittir.
C) Piyasadaki dier firmalar脹n m端terilerini kendine 巽ekmesi muhtemeldir.
D) Sabit maliyetlerindeki bir art脹, k但r脹 端zerinde bir etkide bulunmayacakt脹r.
E) Sabit maliyetlerindeki bir art脹, 端retimi 端zerinde bir etkide bulunmayacakt脹r.
2006 KAYMAKAMLIK
122. Tam rekabet piyasas脹nda faaliyet g旦steren ve k但r maksimizasyonunu
salayan 端retim d端zeyini ger巽ekletiren bir firman脹n, 端retimini art脹rmas脹
durumunda aa脹dakilerden hangisi ortaya 巽脹kar?
A) Toplam has脹lat artar, toplam deiken maliyetler daha az artar.
B) Toplam has脹lat azal脹r, toplam deiken maliyetler artar.
C) Toplam has脹lat artar, toplam deiken maliyetler daha 巽ok artar.
D) Toplam has脹lat azal脹r, toplam deiken maliyetler daha az azal脹r.
E) K但r maksimizasyonu salanm脹 olduundan toplam has脹latta ve toplam
deiken maliyetlerde bir deime olmaz.
E) Sabit maliyetlerindeki bir art脹, 端retimi 端zerinde bir etkide bulunmayacakt脹r.
C) Toplam has脹lat artar, toplam deiken maliyetler daha 巽ok artar
44. 2007 KAYMAKAMLIK
121. Tam rekabet巽i bir firma i巽in k但r maksimizasyonunun saland脹脹 端retim
d端zeyinde, toplam has脹lat (TR) ve toplam maliyet (TC) erileriyle ilgili aa脹daki
ifadelerden hangisi dorudur?
A) TC erisi TR erisini alttan keser.
B) TC erisi TR erisini yukar脹dan keser.
C) Ayn脹 eime sahiptirler.
D) Birbirlerine daima teet olurlar.
E) Birbirlerine teet olamazlar.
2007 KAYMAKAMLIK
123. Tam rekabet巽i bir firman脹n ekonomik k但r脹yla ilgili aa脹daki ifadelerden
hangisi dorudur?
A) Toplam has脹lat脹ndan b端y端kt端r.
B) Toplam has脹lat脹na eittir.
C) Toplam has脹lat脹ndan k端巽端kt端r.
D) Arz erisinin esneklii d端端k ise toplam has脹lat脹ndan k端巽端kt端r.
E) Arz erisinin esneklii y端ksek ise toplam has脹lat脹ndan b端y端kt端r.
C) Ayn脹 eime sahiptirler.
C) Toplam has脹lat脹ndan k端巽端kt端r.
49. ARTAN F聴RMA SAYISI
F聴RMA VE ENDSTR聴 DENGES聴
Copyright 息 2006 South-Western/Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
S1
(1,600 firma)
S1
D1
End端stri
Q
D
DS0
(1,000 firma)
S0
7250
A
E
Fiyat
Q
4540 50
D0
AC
Firma
MC
2.252.25
3.00
P,C
3.00
e
a
b
50. Uzun D旦nemde
Firma ve End端stri Dengesi
Copyright 息 2006 South-Western/Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
D
D
Fiyat
1.87
Q
83
AC
End端striFirma
MC
P,C
1.87
(Q
40
(2,075 firma)
S2
S2
D2
m M
51. K聴K-2009
7. Tam rekabetin Pareto etkin noktada olduunun
g旦stergesi aa脹dakilerden hangisidir?
A) retici ve t端ketici art脹klar脹n脹n eit b端y端kl端kte olmas脹
B) Her zaman i巽in 端retici art脹脹n脹n maksimum, t端ketici art脹脹n脹n s脹f脹r olmas脹
C) Her zaman i巽in t端ketici art脹脹n脹n maksimum, 端retici art脹脹n脹n s脹f脹r olmas脹
D) retimi art脹rarak bir kiinin durumunu iyiletirmenin, ancak baka bir
kiinin durumunu k旦t端letirerek m端mk端n olmas脹
E) retimi art脹rarak bir kiinin durumunu iyiletirmenin, baka bir kiinin
durumunu da iyiletirerek salanabilecek olmas脹
D) retimi art脹rarak bir kiinin durumunu iyiletirmenin, ancak baka bir kiinin
durumunu k旦t端letirerek m端mk端n olmas脹
52. KPSS 2010
12. Rekabet巽i bir piyasada 20 旦zde firma yer almaktad脹r. Her bir
firman脹n arz erisi q = 2P olarak verilmektedir. Piyasa talep erisi
Q = 200 - 2P fonksiyonu ile temsil edilmektedir. Piyasada faaliyet
g旦steren temsili bir firma i巽in art脹k talep aa脹dakilerden hangisine
eittir?
A) 200 - 2P B) 200 - 38P
C) 200 - 40P D) 10 - 0,1P
E) 180 - 1,8P
53. KAYMAKAMLIK 2010
135. Bir mal脹n piyasa fiyat脹n脹n iki kat脹na 巽脹kmas脹 durumunda, rekabet巽i bir
firma ile ilgili aa脹daki ifadelerden hangisi dorudur?
A) Firma uzun d旦nemde ekonomik k但r elde eder.
B) K但r脹 maksimize eden 端retim d端zeyi iki kat脹na 巽脹kar.
C) K但r脹 maksimize eden yeni 端retim d端zeyinde fiyat marjinal maliyetten
daha 巽ok y端kselir.
D) K但r脹 maksimize eden yeni 端retim d端zeyinde fiyat marjinal has脹lattan daha
巽ok y端kselir.
E) Marjinal has脹lat iki kat脹na 巽脹kar.
C) K但r脹 maksimize eden yeni 端retim d端zeyinde fiyat marjinal
maliyetten daha 巽ok y端kselir.
54. KAYMAKAMLIK-2011 (s.134) Tam rekabet piyasas脹nda faaliyet g旦steren bir
firman脹n toplam maliyet fonksiyonu TC = 10 + 0,1Q2
eklindedir ve 端r端n fiyat脹
10dur.
Bu durumda firman脹n maksimum k但r脹 ka巽t脹r?
A) 10 B) 50 C) 240 D) 250 E) 260
MCMR =Kar Maksimizasyon Kural脹
2
1010 Q,TC += Q,
Q
TC
MC 20=
=
MRP =Tam Rekabette P=AR=MR MRMC = 1020 =Q, 50
20
10
==
,
Q
PxQTR = 5005010 == xTR 2
501010 )(,TC += 26025010 =+=TC
240260500 === TCTR)(Kar C) 240
55. MERKEZ BANKASI UZMAN YRD. 2006
Rekabet巽i bir piyasada toplam maliyet fonksiyonu ve talep fonksiyonu olarak
veriliyor
a) End端stri arz erisinin denklemi nedir ?
b) Piyasa denge fiyat脹, miktar脹 nedir? Piyasadaki firma say脹s脹 ka巽t脹r ?
QQQC 84 23
+= PQd 1002000 =
842
+= QQAC 883 2
+= QQMC
Tam rekabette arz dorusunun ortalama deiir maliyetlerin 端zerinde kalan k脹sm脹
ayn脹 zamanda marjinal maliyet dorusudur
Tam rekabette piyasa denge fiyat脹 marjinal gelire eittir MR=MC=P=AR
dQ,P 01020 =
ACMCP == 042 == Q
dQ
dAC
Tam rekabette piyasas脹nda uzun d旦nemde normal kar vard脹r ve firma ortalama
maliyetin minimum olduu yerde faaliyette bulunur.
2=Q MC=3(4)-8(2)+8=12-16-8=4 P=4
160041002000 == )(Qd P=4 ve 1 firman脹n 端retimi Q=2 ise
Firma say脹s脹=1600/2=800