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Taxonomies - A Foundation for
more
Christine JM. Connors
TriviumRLG LLC


A presentation to the American Society of Indexers at their Annual Conference, April 29, 2011, Providence, RI
The Continuum
                                                                                  Thesaurus
                                                                               Ambiguity Control
 Folksonomy                        Synonym Ring                                 Synonym Control
                                                                           Hierarchical Relationships
 Personalized Labels                   Synonym                              Associative Relationships
                                        Control                                    Scope Note
                                     (Equivalency)                         (BT, NT, RT, USE, SeeAlso)

 Less                                         Complexity                                                       More

                                                         Taxonomy                                       Ontology
                        List                            Ambiguity Control                            Ambiguity Control
                       Ambiguity                         Synonym Control                              Synonym Control
                        Control                      Hierarchical Relationships                   Hierarchical Relationships
                                                             (BT, NT)                             Associative Relationships
                                                                                                           Classes
                                                                                                          Properties
                                                                                                         Localization
                                                                                                         Annotation
                                                                                                          Reasoning
                                                                                                           NOT




                                                                                                        See NISO Z39.19-2005
Ontology


                                                         Thesaurus

                                            Taxonomy
 Power




                             Synonym Ring


                      List

         Folksonomy



                                       Complexity



The Continuum
We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for
use on the semantic web
NT
                              England
          Britain       BT
                             NT
          NT     BT
                             BT    Wales
              Great
              Britain        NT
    NT
                             BT   Scotland
         BT


 United        NT     Northern
Kingdom        BT      Ireland
NT
                                                                        England
                                                    Britain       BT
             God and my right
                                                                       NT
                                                    NT     BT
                                                                       BT    Wales
                                 motto                  Great
                                                        Britain        NT
                         鍖ag               NT
                                                                       BT   Scotland
                                                   BT


                                      United             NT     Northern
                                     Kingdom             BT      Ireland
                        anthem
God Save the Queen
                           of鍖cial
                         language
        English
                                         capital
                  legislature

                                           London
              Parliament
NT
                                                                          England
                                                    Britain        BT
             God and my right
                                                                         NT
                                                    NT     BT
                                                                         BT      Wales
                                 motto                  Great
                                                        Britain          NT
                         鍖ag               NT
                                                                         BT     Scotland
                                                   BT


                       Royal          United             NT     Northern
                      Peculiar
                                     Kingdom             BT      Ireland
                        anthem
God Save the Queen
                           of鍖cial
                         language
        English                                               currency
                                                                          pound sterling
                                         capital
                  legislature
                                                                    not

                                           London                        euro
              Parliament
OpenCyc
Large ontology based on the Cyc Knowledge Base

http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
DBpedia
A sizable ontology derived from data in Wikipedia
How would you index?
   http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13217693




   Aboutness vs. occurrence
Simile Exhibit - Flags
http://simile-widgets.org/exhibit/examples/鍖ags/鍖ags.html
Capabilities

   Business development - market analysis, use cases

   Technical development - servers, apps, web

   Information architects

       Information scientists - de鍖ne, organize, link

       User interface and interaction designers - user studies, structural
        design
Why do clients care?

   Reduce, reuse, recycle

       Use less storage space

       Purpose content for multiple delivery channels and services

       Mashup content

   Increase revenue and customer satisfaction

       Improved 鍖ndability

       Brand management
Why do clients care?
   Reduce time to action

       More 鍖nely tuned analytical capabilities

       Competitive intelligence

   Reduce risk

       More granular legal and business models for more precise
        compliance certi鍖cation

   Comply with regulations

       e.g. XBRL (adopting semantic capabilities)
Thank you
                                          Text


Christine Connors
TriviumRLG LLC

cjmconnors@triviumrlg.com
FOAF: http://triviumrlg.com/foaf.rdf
Nick: CJMConnors on Twitter, LinkedIn, 際際滷share

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Taxonomies - A Foundation for more

  • 1. Taxonomies - A Foundation for more Christine JM. Connors TriviumRLG LLC A presentation to the American Society of Indexers at their Annual Conference, April 29, 2011, Providence, RI
  • 2. The Continuum Thesaurus Ambiguity Control Folksonomy Synonym Ring Synonym Control Hierarchical Relationships Personalized Labels Synonym Associative Relationships Control Scope Note (Equivalency) (BT, NT, RT, USE, SeeAlso) Less Complexity More Taxonomy Ontology List Ambiguity Control Ambiguity Control Ambiguity Synonym Control Synonym Control Control Hierarchical Relationships Hierarchical Relationships (BT, NT) Associative Relationships Classes Properties Localization Annotation Reasoning NOT See NISO Z39.19-2005
  • 3. Ontology Thesaurus Taxonomy Power Synonym Ring List Folksonomy Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
  • 4. NT England Britain BT NT NT BT BT Wales Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland
  • 5. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT 鍖ag NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland anthem God Save the Queen of鍖cial language English capital legislature London Parliament
  • 6. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT 鍖ag NT BT Scotland BT Royal United NT Northern Peculiar Kingdom BT Ireland anthem God Save the Queen of鍖cial language English currency pound sterling capital legislature not London euro Parliament
  • 7. OpenCyc Large ontology based on the Cyc Knowledge Base http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
  • 8. DBpedia A sizable ontology derived from data in Wikipedia
  • 9. How would you index? http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13217693 Aboutness vs. occurrence
  • 10. Simile Exhibit - Flags http://simile-widgets.org/exhibit/examples/鍖ags/鍖ags.html
  • 11. Capabilities Business development - market analysis, use cases Technical development - servers, apps, web Information architects Information scientists - de鍖ne, organize, link User interface and interaction designers - user studies, structural design
  • 12. Why do clients care? Reduce, reuse, recycle Use less storage space Purpose content for multiple delivery channels and services Mashup content Increase revenue and customer satisfaction Improved 鍖ndability Brand management
  • 13. Why do clients care? Reduce time to action More 鍖nely tuned analytical capabilities Competitive intelligence Reduce risk More granular legal and business models for more precise compliance certi鍖cation Comply with regulations e.g. XBRL (adopting semantic capabilities)
  • 14. Thank you Text Christine Connors TriviumRLG LLC cjmconnors@triviumrlg.com FOAF: http://triviumrlg.com/foaf.rdf Nick: CJMConnors on Twitter, LinkedIn, 際際滷share

Editor's Notes

  • #2: \n
  • #3: \n
  • #4: A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file\nAmbiguity Control\nChristine Connors vs. Christine Conners :(\n\nList of food\nWe recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let’s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc\n\n-----------\nA synonym ring is what we think Roget’s Thesaurus is.\nSynonym Control (Equivalence Relationships)\nKetchup or Catsup\n\n----------\nHierarchical Relationships\nIs A, Part of type relationships\nWhere would you put the poor tomato?\nTomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It’s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? \nMono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical\n\n\n\n------------\nAssociative Relationships - See Also\nSalt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug’s Don’t Make Me Thnk)\nSee NISO Z39.19-2005\nBT = Broader Term\n NT = Narrower Term\n RT = Related Term (“See also”)\n SN = Scope Note\n UF = Used For\n USE = “See” (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.)\n------------\nGet to define your own relationship types!\nLocalization\nAnnotation\nReasoning\n“NOT”\n\nOntology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes \nSemantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler\n----------------------------\n\n\nThere is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. \n
  • #5: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #6: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #7: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #8: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #9: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #10: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #11: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #12: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #13: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #14: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #15: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #16: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #17: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #18: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #19: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #20: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #21: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #22: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #23: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #24: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #25: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #26: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #27: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #28: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #29: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #30: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
  • #31: I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
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