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Teaching
and
Learning
Approaches
Chart
(v1)

Whole
Class
Differentiation
Individualization
Personalization

Instruction

The
whole
class
receives
the
same

instruction.

Groups
of
learners
receive
different

instruction.

Individual
learners
have
one-‐to-‐one

instruction.

Learners
choose
instruction
that
best

supports
their
learning
with
teacher.

Connecting

Learning

Curriculum
is
used
as
is
or
is

adapted
for
the
whole
class.

Curriculum
is
adjusted
based
on

different
groups
of
learners.

Curriculum
is
connected
to
prior

knowledge
of
individual
learners.

Learners
drive
learning
by
connecting
to

interests,
talents,
aspirations,
and
passions.

Instructional

Design

Instructional
design
is
based
on

the
curriculum
and
learning
needs

of
the
whole
class.

Instructional
design
is
based
on
the

learning
needs
of
different
groups

of
learners.

Instructional
design
is
based
on
the

learning
needs
of
individual
learners.

Instructional
design
is
around
multiple

learning
paths
co-‐constructed
by
learners

and
the
teacher.

Responsibility

The
teacher
is
responsible
and

accountable
for
delivering

curriculum
to
the
whole
class.

The
teacher
is
responsible
for
a

variety
of
instructional
methods
for

different
groups
of
learners.

The
teacher
is
responsible
for

modifying
instruction
based
on
the

needs
of
the
individual
learner.

Learners
have
a
voice
and
choice
in
how

they
learn
and
take
responsibility
for
what

they
learn
with
the
teacher.

Goals
and

Objectives

Learning
objectives
are
identified

in
the
curriculum
with
the
whole

class.

Learning
objectives
are
identified

and
addressed
with
different
groups

of
learners.

Specific
objectives
are
identified
and

addressed
with
individuals
who

receive
one-‐on-‐one
support.

Learners
set,
monitor,
and
meet
goals
and

benchmarks
along
their
learning
path
with

guidance
from
the
teacher.

Tools
and

Resources

Tools
and
resources
selected
by

the
teacher
to
support
learning

needs
of
the
whole
class.

Tools
and
resources
are
selected
by

teacher
to
support
learning
needs
of

different
groups
of
learners.

Tools
and
resources
are
selected
by

teacher
to
support
the
learning

needs
of
the
individual
learner.

Learners
acquire
the
skills
to
select
and
use

tools
and
resources
to
enhance
their

learning
with
guidance
from
the
teacher.

Support

All
the
learners
in
the
class
refer
to

the
teacher
for
their
learning.

Different
groups
of
learners
refer
to

the
teacher
for
their
learning.

Individual
learners
work
one-‐on-‐one

with
teacher
to
support
learning.

Learners
build
a
network
of
teachers,
peers,

mentors,
and
advisors
to
support
learning.

Mastery

Mastery
of
content
and
skill

development
is
based
on
grade

level,
grades,
and
evidence
of

learning
from
the
whole
class.

Mastery
of
content
and
skill

development
is
based
on
grade
level

grades,
and
evidence
of
learning

from
different
groups
of
learners.

Mastery
of
content
and
skill

development
is
based
on
grade
level,

grades,
and
evidence
of
learning

from
the
individual
learner.

Learners
demonstrate
evidence
of
learning,

mastery
of
content,
and
develop
skills
in
a

competency-‐based
system
for
an
authentic

audience
with
support
of
the
teacher.

Assessment

and
Data

The
same
assessments
and
data

are
used
for
the
whole
class
to

measure
if
there
is
or
is
not

improvement
in
learning
to
modify

instruction.

Multiple
assessments
and
data
are

used
to
monitor
progress
and

measure
if
there
is
or
is
not

improvement
to
modify
instruction

for
different
groups
of
learners.

Specific
assessments
and
data
are

used
to
monitor
progress
and
to

measure
if
there
is
or
is
not

improvement
in
learning
to
modify

instruction
for
the
individual
learner.

Learners
co-‐design
assessments
and
refer

to
data
with
the
teacher
to
monitor

progress.
They
reflect
on
evidence
of

learning
and
develop
skills
needed
to

become
self-‐directed
learners
with
agency.

Teaching
and
Learning
Approaches
Chart
(v1)
by
Barbara
Bray
(2018)
is
licensed
under
a
Creative
CommonsAttribution-‐NonCommercial-‐NoDerivs

3.0
Unported
License.
For
permission
to
use
chart
in
a
publication
or
to
make
changes
to
chart,
please
contact
Barbara
at
barbara.bray@gmail.com

�ݺ�ߣ

Teaching and Learning Approaches chart (Bray, 2018)

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Teaching and Learning Approaches chart (Bray, 2018)