3. Meaning : Listening
Listening is a communication technique that
requires the listener to understand, interpret, and
evaluate what they hear.
The ability to listen actively can improve
personal relationships through reducing conflicts,
strengthening cooperation, and fostering
understanding.
4. Meaning :
Teaching Listening
Listening is the language modality that is used
most frequently.
It has been estimated that adults spend almost
half their communication time listening, and students
may receive as much as 90% of their in-school
information through listening to instructors and to one
another.
5. Listening Strategies
Top-down strategies
Bottom-up strategies
- listening for the main idea
- predicting
- drawing inferences
- summarizing
- listening for specific details
- recognizing cognates
- recognizing word-order patterns
6. Developing Listening Activities
A beginning level task would be
- locating places on a map (one way) or
exchanging name
- address information (two way).
At an intermediate level students could follow
- directions for assembling something (one way)
- work in pairs to create a story to tell to the rest
of the class (two way).
7. Goals and Techniques
for Teaching Listening
Instructors want to produce students who, even if
they do not have complete control of the grammar
or an extensive lexicon, can fend for themselves in
communication situations.
In the case of listening, this means producing
students who can use listening strategies to
maximize their comprehension of aural input,
identify relevant and non-relevant information, and
tolerate less than word-by-word comprehension.
9. Focus:
The Listening Process
To accomplish this goal, instructors focus on the process
of listening rather than on its product.
They develop students' awareness of the listening
process and listening strategies by asking students to
think and talk about how they listen in their native
language.
They allow students to practice the full repertoire of
listening strategies by using authentic listening tasks.
They behave as authentic listeners by responding to
student communication as a listener rather than as a
teacher.