Technology refers to both material objects like machines and hardware that are useful to humanity, as well as broader concepts like systems and organization techniques. It began with early humans converting natural resources into simple tools to help overcome limitations in human abilities such as not being able to see small objects, walk long distances, or lift heavy loads. Now modern technology uses scientific knowledge to invent machines and methods that make life more comfortable by helping people overcome limitations in abilities like memorization, hearing, and physical strength through devices like microscopes, phones, and microphones.