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Teenage pregnancy slideshare

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Nelisiwe Pertunia Masilela
Nelisiwe Pertunia Masilela

Teenage pregnancies can be caused by several factors such as lack of sexual education, poverty, sexual violence, and social pressures. This leads to negative health outcomes for both the mother and baby. Teen mothers are at risk of issues like insufficient prenatal care, high blood pressure, premature birth, and postpartum depression. They may also feel isolated. Babies could face developmental and health problems. To prevent teenage pregnancy, communities should promote abstinence, educate youth on contraceptives, and ensure access to birth control methods.

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Teenage pregnancies
1. Causes of teenage pregnancy
Lack of information about sexual and reproductive health and rights Sexual violence Family, community and social pressure to marryPoverty Use of drugs and alcohol Media influence
Lack of information about sexual and reproductive health and rights Sexual and reproductive health can be a sensitive topic. In many places around the world it is taboo to openly speak about sex. This can make it difficult to access information and services around sexual and reproductive health, especially in places where religious and cultural beliefs restrict access to contraception or abortion
Sexual violence For many girls, sexual abuse leads to unwanted pregnancy as teenage girls who have been forced into sex are less likely to have the opportunity or choice to use contraceptives. The evidence shows that in many places girls are at greatest risk of exposure to sexual violence within the context of close relationships such as those with family, friends and intimate partners. Lack of safe access to water and sanitation and safe passages to school can also increase the risk of sexual abuse and rape.
Family, community and social pressure to marry What does poverty mean for young people in the developing world? For far too many girls it means adolescent sexual activity- often transactional-followed by pregnancy and marriage. An estimated 15 million girls are married before their 18th birthdays each year - thats 29 girls every minute. When a girl lacks economic opportunities to support herself, or cannot receive support from her family, she is more likely to become involved in adolescent transactional sexual activity.
Poverty Teens who get pregnant tend to come from more disadvantaged families than those who do not become pregnant . Moreover, among pregnant teens, those who choose abortion tend to be more advantaged than those who opt to carry baby term. As a result teen mothers are more likely than women who delay childbearing to come from poor families, and before they become pregnant, to be behind in school and to have lower academic test scores.
Use of drugs and alcohol During adolescence, teenagers may drink and experiment with drugs frequently with their friends at social gatherings and parties. Teens, however, do not realize the impacts alcohol and drugs have on the functioning of their brain, especially the effects of binge drinking which is consuming large amount of alcohol during one sitting. Drinking excessively as well as experimenting drugs may lead to unwanted and unintentional pregnancy. These substances greatly affect a teens ability to logically think and carry out general thinking processes, thus increases the chances of engaging in unprotected sexual activity.
Media influence The media has a large effect on teen pregnancy, especially shows such as Teen Mom and 16 and Pregnant . These shows often glamorize pregnancy and hide the true hardships associated with pregnancy which encourages teenagers to become pregnant.
2. Impact and health risk of teenage pregnancies to the teenager
Insufficient prenatal care High blood pressure Premature birth Sexually transmitted diseases Feeling alone and isolated Postpartum depression Social consequences
Prenatal care Teens who are pregnant are at the risk of not getting adequate prenatal care. This is critical, especially in the first trimester of the pregnancy, as it looks for medical problems in the mother and baby, it monitors the babys growth and deals with complications that may arise.
High blood pressure Pregnant teenagers has a high risk of getting high blood pressure. This can also be referred to as pregnancy-induced hypertension. Higher risk of preeclampsia. This condition is very dangerous and combines high blood pressure with excess protein in urine, swelling of the young mothers hands and face, and organ damage. Medication that the teen need to take to control the symptoms mentioned above, may cause further complications (such as premature birth).
Premature birth A full-term pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks. If a baby is born before 37 weeks it is considered to be a premature baby. Premature babies are at risk of experiencing respiratory, digestion, cognitive and other problems.
Postpartum depression This depression starts after delivering a baby. If the young mother is depressed, she may not take good care of her baby.
Sexually transmitted diseases Sexually active teens are at risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD). For teens who have sex during pregnancy, STDs such as Chlamydia and HIV are a major concern, it can infect the uterus and growing baby. Some STDs can cause infertility or even death. One can prevent getting a STD by abstinence or practicing safe sex.
Feeling alone and isolated Some teens feel like they have no one they can talk to about their pregnancy. Due to the lack of support from family members, or anyone whom they trust, they are less likely to go for regular prenatal visits. They are also less likely to eat well, exercise or get enough rest.
Social consequences Lower access to higher education, high divorce rates, premature death of women, population growth, weak and unhealthy children and single motherhood are all negative consequence of teenage pregnancy.(Dev Raj et al, 2010: 6).
3. How can teenage pregnancies be prevented?
Prevention Promoting abstinence Educating teenagers about different contraceptive techniques Making birth-control readily available to all
How can teenage pregnancy be prevented? The best prevention is abstaining from sexual activities. Teenagers should be encouraged not to have sex. By abstaining they could avoid getting pregnant and getting STIs. If they are already sexually active, it advisable that they sit down with their parents or trusted adults and get advice on different birth control methods that are available. This can be used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Teenagers should be exposed to broader information on how to responsibly use different contraceptive techniques, this can be taught in health class or the school can invite a nurse to have this conversation with learners. Different birth control methods should be made available and easy to access.
References Beguy, D., Kabiru, C.W., Nderu, E.N., (2009). Inconsistencies in self-reporting of sexual activity among young people in Nairobi, Kenya. The Journal of Adolescent health, 46(6), 595-601. Dev Raj, A., Rabi, B., Poobalan, A., van Teijlingen, E.R., Chapman, G. (2010). Health science journal: Factors associated with teenage pregnancy in South Asia: a systematic review. Pp 6. Grow by MD. (2020). Pregnancy. https://www.webmd.com/baby/teen-pregnancy-medical- risks-and-realities#2 (Last viewed 5 August 2020). Miller, B.C., Benson, B., Galbraith. (2001). Family relationships and adolescent pregnancy risk: A research synthesis. Developmental review 21(1): 1-38. Pires, P., Baatsen, P. (2016). Yes I Do Gaining insight into the magnitude of and factors influenving child marriage and teenage pregnancy and their consequences in Mozambique. Unicef. http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/Teenage-pregnancies-overview Williamson, N.E. (2012). Motherhood in Childhood: Facing the Challenge of Adolescent Pregnancy: UNFPA State of Word Population 2013, United Nation Publication Fund.

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Teenage pregnancy slideshare

  • 2. 1. Causes of teenage pregnancy
  • 3. Lack of information about sexual and reproductive health and rights Sexual violence Family, community and social pressure to marryPoverty Use of drugs and alcohol Media influence
  • 4. Lack of information about sexual and reproductive health and rights Sexual and reproductive health can be a sensitive topic. In many places around the world it is taboo to openly speak about sex. This can make it difficult to access information and services around sexual and reproductive health, especially in places where religious and cultural beliefs restrict access to contraception or abortion
  • 5. Sexual violence For many girls, sexual abuse leads to unwanted pregnancy as teenage girls who have been forced into sex are less likely to have the opportunity or choice to use contraceptives. The evidence shows that in many places girls are at greatest risk of exposure to sexual violence within the context of close relationships such as those with family, friends and intimate partners. Lack of safe access to water and sanitation and safe passages to school can also increase the risk of sexual abuse and rape.
  • 6. Family, community and social pressure to marry What does poverty mean for young people in the developing world? For far too many girls it means adolescent sexual activity- often transactional-followed by pregnancy and marriage. An estimated 15 million girls are married before their 18th birthdays each year - thats 29 girls every minute. When a girl lacks economic opportunities to support herself, or cannot receive support from her family, she is more likely to become involved in adolescent transactional sexual activity.
  • 7. Poverty Teens who get pregnant tend to come from more disadvantaged families than those who do not become pregnant . Moreover, among pregnant teens, those who choose abortion tend to be more advantaged than those who opt to carry baby term. As a result teen mothers are more likely than women who delay childbearing to come from poor families, and before they become pregnant, to be behind in school and to have lower academic test scores.
  • 8. Use of drugs and alcohol During adolescence, teenagers may drink and experiment with drugs frequently with their friends at social gatherings and parties. Teens, however, do not realize the impacts alcohol and drugs have on the functioning of their brain, especially the effects of binge drinking which is consuming large amount of alcohol during one sitting. Drinking excessively as well as experimenting drugs may lead to unwanted and unintentional pregnancy. These substances greatly affect a teens ability to logically think and carry out general thinking processes, thus increases the chances of engaging in unprotected sexual activity.
  • 9. Media influence The media has a large effect on teen pregnancy, especially shows such as Teen Mom and 16 and Pregnant . These shows often glamorize pregnancy and hide the true hardships associated with pregnancy which encourages teenagers to become pregnant.
  • 10. 2. Impact and health risk of teenage pregnancies to the teenager
  • 11. Insufficient prenatal care High blood pressure Premature birth Sexually transmitted diseases Feeling alone and isolated Postpartum depression Social consequences
  • 12. Prenatal care Teens who are pregnant are at the risk of not getting adequate prenatal care. This is critical, especially in the first trimester of the pregnancy, as it looks for medical problems in the mother and baby, it monitors the babys growth and deals with complications that may arise.
  • 13. High blood pressure Pregnant teenagers has a high risk of getting high blood pressure. This can also be referred to as pregnancy-induced hypertension. Higher risk of preeclampsia. This condition is very dangerous and combines high blood pressure with excess protein in urine, swelling of the young mothers hands and face, and organ damage. Medication that the teen need to take to control the symptoms mentioned above, may cause further complications (such as premature birth).
  • 14. Premature birth A full-term pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks. If a baby is born before 37 weeks it is considered to be a premature baby. Premature babies are at risk of experiencing respiratory, digestion, cognitive and other problems.
  • 15. Postpartum depression This depression starts after delivering a baby. If the young mother is depressed, she may not take good care of her baby.
  • 16. Sexually transmitted diseases Sexually active teens are at risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD). For teens who have sex during pregnancy, STDs such as Chlamydia and HIV are a major concern, it can infect the uterus and growing baby. Some STDs can cause infertility or even death. One can prevent getting a STD by abstinence or practicing safe sex.
  • 17. Feeling alone and isolated Some teens feel like they have no one they can talk to about their pregnancy. Due to the lack of support from family members, or anyone whom they trust, they are less likely to go for regular prenatal visits. They are also less likely to eat well, exercise or get enough rest.
  • 18. Social consequences Lower access to higher education, high divorce rates, premature death of women, population growth, weak and unhealthy children and single motherhood are all negative consequence of teenage pregnancy.(Dev Raj et al, 2010: 6).
  • 19. 3. How can teenage pregnancies be prevented?
  • 21. How can teenage pregnancy be prevented? The best prevention is abstaining from sexual activities. Teenagers should be encouraged not to have sex. By abstaining they could avoid getting pregnant and getting STIs. If they are already sexually active, it advisable that they sit down with their parents or trusted adults and get advice on different birth control methods that are available. This can be used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Teenagers should be exposed to broader information on how to responsibly use different contraceptive techniques, this can be taught in health class or the school can invite a nurse to have this conversation with learners. Different birth control methods should be made available and easy to access.
  • 22. References Beguy, D., Kabiru, C.W., Nderu, E.N., (2009). Inconsistencies in self-reporting of sexual activity among young people in Nairobi, Kenya. The Journal of Adolescent health, 46(6), 595-601. Dev Raj, A., Rabi, B., Poobalan, A., van Teijlingen, E.R., Chapman, G. (2010). Health science journal: Factors associated with teenage pregnancy in South Asia: a systematic review. Pp 6. Grow by MD. (2020). Pregnancy. https://www.webmd.com/baby/teen-pregnancy-medical- risks-and-realities#2 (Last viewed 5 August 2020). Miller, B.C., Benson, B., Galbraith. (2001). Family relationships and adolescent pregnancy risk: A research synthesis. Developmental review 21(1): 1-38. Pires, P., Baatsen, P. (2016). Yes I Do Gaining insight into the magnitude of and factors influenving child marriage and teenage pregnancy and their consequences in Mozambique. Unicef. http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/Teenage-pregnancies-overview Williamson, N.E. (2012). Motherhood in Childhood: Facing the Challenge of Adolescent Pregnancy: UNFPA State of Word Population 2013, United Nation Publication Fund.