2. e
PERFECT TENSE
犢犖犖犖犖犖犢犖迦
Subject + has/have + Verb 3
犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犖犖犢犖ム犖
I / You / We /
They
have talked to her.
He / She / It has slept on the couch.
犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犖蹩巌犖犖
I / You / We /
They
havenot talked to her.
He / She / It has not slept on the couch.
犖犖犖萎犖∇犖犖迦犖迦検
Have
I / you / we /
they
talked to her?
Has he / she / it slept on the couch?
3. Present Perfect Tense
Subject + have,has + V3 + Object.
1. 犢犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖犖伍犖迦牽犖犢犖犖朽犢犖÷犖犖萎犖伍犖о献犖迦犖犖犖犖朽
He has sold his car. (When? We dont know.)
2. 犢犖犢犖犖犖犖∇顕犖∇犖犖犖伍犖迦牽犖犢犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖犖犢犖犢犖ム鍵犖犖ム犢犖犖ム厳犖犖犖ム険犖犖犖迦犢犖犖犖園犖犖伍犖園
He has just painted the room. (The paint is wet.)
4. 3.犢犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖犖伍犖迦牽犖犢犖犖朽犢犖犖巌犖犖謹犖犢犖犖犖犖朽犢犖ム鍵犖犖迦犖犖巌犖÷顕犖犖犖犖謹犖犖園犖犖伍犖園
She has lived in this house for 2 years.
(She still lives in this house.)
BUT : He lived in Australia for one year.
(He doesnt live in Australia now.)
4.犢犖犢犖犖園犢犖犖犖伍犖迦牽犖犢犖犖朽犢犖÷犢犖犢犖犖ム犖迦硯犖犖謹犢犖о献犖迦犖犖犖犖朽犢犖犢犢犖犖劇犖犖÷犖∇犖犖園犖犖園犖犖伍犖園
Ive met Madonna. (I may meet her again;
shes still alive. period of time not
finished yet)
5. Special points
Since is used to express a starting point.
For is used to express a period of time.
Yet is used in questions and negations.
Already is used in statements and questions.
Just + Present Perfect
Just now + Past Perfect
Ive known Ann since October.
Ive known Ann for 2 months.
Have you met him yet? I havent met him yet.
Ive already posted the letters.
Ive just called the doctor.
He left just now
犖犢犖迦検犢犖犢犖犖園 non action verbs : love, want, mean, believe .
Time adverbs and expression used with Present Perfect :
Just, ever, never, always, already, yet, for, since,
so far, how long, recently, today, this
week/month/year,etc.
