Term 1 Grade 8 ATOMS.pptx
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This document provides an introduction to basic chemistry concepts including matter, elements, atoms, and the structure of the atom. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space. Elements are made of only one type of atom and can be found on the periodic table, which arranges elements by their atomic number and properties. Atoms are the building blocks of matter and are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The nucleus of an atom, containing protons and neutrons, is at the center and electrons orbit around it. The document also distinguishes between pure substances like elements and compounds, and mixtures which can be separated physically.
Term 1 Grade 8 ATOMS.pptx
- 1. TERM 1 GRADE 8
- 2. LETS START FROM THE BEGINNING. WHAT IS MATTER? MATTER IS EVERYTHING THAT HAS A MASS AND OCCUPIES SPACE MATTER ELEMENTS ATOMS
- 3. WHAT ARE ELEMENTS? AN ELEMENT IS A SUBSTANCE THAT HAS ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM >> CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN CHEMICALLY INTO A SIMPLER FORM >> ARE MADE UP OF ATOMS >> FOUND ON THE PERIODIC TABLE THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS >> ELEMENTS ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR ATOMIC NUMBER >> THERE ARE 118 ELEMENTS >> THE VERTICAL COLUMNS ARE KNOWN AS GROUPS >> THE HORIZONTAL ROWS ARE KNOWN AS PERIODS
- 4. WHAT ARE ATOMS? ATOMS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER >> THE ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT ARE DIFFERENT IN SIZE AND MASS >> THESE ATOMS ARE THEN MADE UP OF SUBATOMIC PARTICLES >> SUBATOMIC PARTICLES ARE SMALLER THAN AN ATOM THERE ARE 3 SUBATOMIC PARTICLES IN AN ATOM, NAMELY: o PROTON POSTIVE CHARGE (+) o NEUTRON NEUTRAL CHARGE o ELECTRON NEGATIVELY CHARGED (-) Important The number of: Electrons = atomic number Protons = atomic number Neutrons = mass number atomic number
- 5. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM >> THE CENTRE OF THE ATOM IS KNOWN AS THE NUCLEUS >> PROTONS AND NEUTRONS LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS AND TOGETHER KNOWN AS NUCLEONS >> ELECTRONS LOCATED ON THE RINGS OF AN ATOM >> THE NUCLEUS OF ATOM IS POSITIVELY CHARGED AND RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ATOMS MASS FOR EXAMPLE: OXYGEN PROTONS = 8 ELECTRONS = 8 NEUTRONS = 16 8 = 8
- 6. PRACTICE DRAW AN ATOM FOR THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS : 1. CARBON 2. NITROGEN 3. FLUORINE 4. LITHIUM
- 8. WHAT IS A PURE SUBSTANCE? A SINGLE SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF ONLY ONE TYPE OF PARTICLE >> PURE SUBSTANCES HAVE A SPECIFIC PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTY >> INCLUDES ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS WHAT IS A MIXTURE? AN IMPURE SUBSTANCE THAT HAS 2 OR MORE TYPES OF PARTICLES >> CAN ONLY BE SEPERATED PHYSICALLY >> for example sifting, hand sorting and filtration
- 9. WHAT ARE COMPOUNDS? ARE SUBSTANCES MADE UP OF 2 OR MORE ELEMENTS >> COMPOUNDS ARE CHEMICALLY BONDED >> CANNOT BE SEPERATED PHYSICALLY