Interactive glosses provide annotations alongside text to help increase vocabulary acquisition, reading comprehension, and reduce frustration for English learners. Research shows that glosses with first language translations are more effective than second language definitions alone. Glosses work best for texts with more than 5% unfamiliar words and benefit most when combined with comprehension questions and explicit vocabulary study. A variety of glossing tools exist as browser extensions, immersive readers, and integrated K-12 learning solutions to augment English texts with these interactive annotations.
5. Key Research Findings
L1 translations > L2 definitions
Benefits greatest with above-level texts (e.g., > 5% of unfamiliar words)
Text comprehension questions reinforce vocabulary learning
Works best when combined with explicit vocabulary study
6. Gloss Tools for English
Learners
Browser extensions, immersive readers, integrated solutions