Textile physics - Swelling of yarn
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The document discusses the swelling property of yarn. There are four types of swelling: transverse diameter swelling, transverse area swelling, axial swelling, and volume swelling. Swelling is measured as the fractional increase in diameter, area, length, or volume after a fiber absorbs water. The rates of swelling depend on factors like the material composition, size and form of the sample, external temperature conditions, and chemical contents. Swelling is important because it improves dye and chemical absorption, affects fabric dimensional stability, and changes elastic properties.
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This document provides an overview of textiles, including definitions of key terms like fiber, yarn, fabric, and weaving processes. It discusses the composition and characteristics of natural fibers like cotton, and manufacturing processes for yarns and woven fabrics. Different types of looms and weaves are described, including plain weave, twill weave, and herringbone twill. The document also covers topics like fabric design, defects, testing, and end uses of textiles.stretch recovery of knitted fabric
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The document discusses a study on the elastic recovery of different single jersey knitted structures at varying loop lengths. It aims to determine how stitch length influences stretch recovery and the structural impact on recovery properties. Materials tested included single jersey plain, polo pique, double lacoste, and single lacoste fabrics knitted with polyester cotton yarn at stitch lengths from 2.60 to 3.16 mm. Stitch lengths were verified using a Hatra course length tester before specimens were prepared and tested in a Titan strength tester to measure elastic recovery percentages at different time intervals.Properties of fabric 
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This document summarizes key properties of fabric, including:
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- Crimp, which is the bending of threads and is measured as the ratio of yarn length to fabric length.
- Cover factor, which indicates the area of a fabric covered by threads, with separate factors for warp and weft.
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Fiber properties are essential for determining a fiber's end uses. Key properties include a high length-to-width ratio, adequate strength (tenacity), flexibility, uniformity, and cohesiveness during spinning. Other important properties are morphology, specific gravity, elongation and elastic recovery, moisture regain, flammability, electrical conductivity, abrasion resistance, and chemical reactivity and resistance. Properties like tenacity, elongation, elastic recovery, and moisture regain are determined through standardized tests and affect a fiber's performance and processing.Introduction to Textile Fiber.pdf
Introduction to Textile Fiber.pdfZhongyuan University Of Technology
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Textile fibers are the essential building blocks of fabrics and textiles, playing a pivotal role in the creation of a wide range of products, including clothing, home furnishings, and industrial materials.Session4 Textile Testing.ppt
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This document provides information about standard test methods for textiles. It discusses atmospheric conditions that should be standardized for textile testing, including 65% relative humidity and 70属F temperature. Strength properties of apparel that are tested are fabric strength, seam strength, and resistance to yarn slippage. Specific tests for fabric strength include breaking strength, tearing strength, and bursting strength. The document also covers fabric shrinkage, durable press evaluation, and water resistance and repellency testing.moisture control and breathable finish
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Avik Kumar Dhar presents on moisture control and breathable finishes. He discusses key concepts like wetting, wicking, MVTR and RET. Breathability allows moisture vapor to pass through fabric while preventing liquid water penetration. Factors like fiber type, construction and chemical treatments influence moisture transport. Common breathable fabrics include closely woven, microporous membranes, and hydrophilic coatings. Applications include sportswear, outdoor clothing and medical textiles. Gore-Tex uses a microporous membrane to allow vapor out while keeping liquid water from entering. Biomimetic designs mimic structures like leaf stomata and pine cones to regulate moisture transport. Breathable fabrics improve comfort by evaporating moisture quickly while protectingWater repellent finish
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The document introduces the team Phoenix and provides information about water repellent finishes for fabrics. It defines water repellent fabrics as those that resist being wetted by water and allow water drops to roll off. There are three main types of water repellent finishes - non-durable, semi-durable, and durable. Various chemistries are used in each type of finish. Common test methods for evaluating water repellency include the spray test method. Water repellent fabrics have applications in items like umbrellas, swimsuits, car seats, and more.Recently uploaded (20)
Soil Properties and Methods of Determination
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This PPT covers the index and engineering properties of soil. It includes details on index properties, along with their methods of determination. Various important terms related to soil behavior are explained in detail. The presentation also outlines the experimental procedures for determining soil properties such as water content, specific gravity, plastic limit, and liquid limit, along with the necessary calculations and graph plotting. Additionally, it provides insights to understand the importance of these properties in geotechnical engineering applications.
Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any ch...
Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any ch...dhanashree78
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Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere.
Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sources of air pollution. Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other diseases and are important sources of morbidity and mortality.
WHO data show that almost all of the global population (99%) breathe air that exceeds WHO guideline limits and contains high levels of pollutants, with low- and middle-income countries suffering from the highest exposures.
Air quality is closely linked to the earths climate and ecosystems globally. Many of the drivers of air pollution (i.e. combustion of fossil fuels) are also sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Policies to reduce air pollution, therefore, offer a win-win strategy for both climate and health, lowering the burden of disease attributable to air pollution, as well as contributing to the near- and long-term mitigation of climate change.
US Patented ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Quatum Motor EV Regenerative Accelerati...
US Patented ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Quatum Motor EV Regenerative Accelerati...Thane Heins NOBEL PRIZE WINNING ENERGY RESEARCHER
油
Preface: The ReGenX Generator innovation operates with a US Patented Frequency Dependent Load
Current Delay which delays the creation and storage of created Electromagnetic Field Energy around
the exterior of the generator coil. The result is the created and Time Delayed Electromagnetic Field
Energy performs any magnitude of Positive Electro-Mechanical Work at infinite efficiency on the
generator's Rotating Magnetic Field, increasing its Kinetic Energy and increasing the Kinetic Energy of
an EV or ICE Vehicle to any magnitude without requiring any Externally Supplied Input Energy. In
Electricity Generation applications the ReGenX Generator innovation now allows all electricity to be
generated at infinite efficiency requiring zero Input Energy, zero Input Energy Cost, while producing
zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions, zero Air Pollution and zero Nuclear Waste during the Electricity
Generation Phase. In Electric Motor operation the ReGen-X Quantum Motor now allows any
magnitude of Work to be performed with zero Electric Input Energy.
Demonstration Protocol: The demonstration protocol involves three prototypes;
1. Protytpe #1, demonstrates the ReGenX Generator's Load Current Time Delay when compared
to the instantaneous Load Current Sine Wave for a Conventional Generator Coil.
2. In the Conventional Faraday Generator operation the created Electromagnetic Field Energy
performs Negative Work at infinite efficiency and it reduces the Kinetic Energy of the system.
3. The Magnitude of the Negative Work / System Kinetic Energy Reduction (in Joules) is equal to
the Magnitude of the created Electromagnetic Field Energy (also in Joules).
4. When the Conventional Faraday Generator is placed On-Load, Negative Work is performed and
the speed of the system decreases according to Lenz's Law of Induction.
5. In order to maintain the System Speed and the Electric Power magnitude to the Loads,
additional Input Power must be supplied to the Prime Mover and additional Mechanical Input
Power must be supplied to the Generator's Drive Shaft.
6. For example, if 100 Watts of Electric Power is delivered to the Load by the Faraday Generator,
an additional >100 Watts of Mechanical Input Power must be supplied to the Generator's Drive
Shaft by the Prime Mover.
7. If 1 MW of Electric Power is delivered to the Load by the Faraday Generator, an additional >1
MW Watts of Mechanical Input Power must be supplied to the Generator's Drive Shaft by the
Prime Mover.
8. Generally speaking the ratio is 2 Watts of Mechanical Input Power to every 1 Watt of Electric
Output Power generated.
9. The increase in Drive Shaft Mechanical Input Power is provided by the Prime Mover and the
Input Energy Source which powers the Prime Mover.
10. In the Heins ReGenX Generator operation the created and Time Delayed Electromagnetic Field
Energy performs Positive Work at infinite efficiency and it increases the Kinetic Energy of the
system.
15. Smart Cities Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia.pdf
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Smart Cities Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia
Frankfurt University of Applied Science urkunde
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Duplicate Frankfurt University of Applied Science urkunde, make a Frankfurt UAS degree.
US Patented ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Quatum Motor EV Regenerative Accelerati...
US Patented ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Quatum Motor EV Regenerative Accelerati...Thane Heins NOBEL PRIZE WINNING ENERGY RESEARCHER
油
Preface: The ReGenX Generator innovation operates with a US Patented Frequency Dependent Load Current Delay which delays the creation and storage of created Electromagnetic Field Energy around the exterior of the generator coil. The result is the created and Time Delayed Electromagnetic Field Energy performs any magnitude of Positive Electro-Mechanical Work at infinite efficiency on the generator's Rotating Magnetic Field, increasing its Kinetic Energy and increasing the Kinetic Energy of an EV or ICE Vehicle to any magnitude without requiring any Externally Supplied Input Energy. In Electricity Generation applications the ReGenX Generator innovation now allows all electricity to be generated at infinite efficiency requiring zero Input Energy, zero Input Energy Cost, while producing zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions, zero Air Pollution and zero Nuclear Waste during the Electricity Generation Phase. In Electric Motor operation the ReGen-X Quantum Motor now allows any magnitude of Work to be performed with zero Electric Input Energy.
Demonstration Protocol: The demonstration protocol involves three prototypes;
1. Protytpe #1, demonstrates the ReGenX Generator's Load Current Time Delay when compared to the instantaneous Load Current Sine Wave for a Conventional Generator Coil.
2. In the Conventional Faraday Generator operation the created Electromagnetic Field Energy performs Negative Work at infinite efficiency and it reduces the Kinetic Energy of the system.
3. The Magnitude of the Negative Work / System Kinetic Energy Reduction (in Joules) is equal to the Magnitude of the created Electromagnetic Field Energy (also in Joules).
4. When the Conventional Faraday Generator is placed On-Load, Negative Work is performed and the speed of the system decreases according to Lenz's Law of Induction.
5. In order to maintain the System Speed and the Electric Power magnitude to the Loads, additional Input Power must be supplied to the Prime Mover and additional Mechanical Input Power must be supplied to the Generator's Drive Shaft.
6. For example, if 100 Watts of Electric Power is delivered to the Load by the Faraday Generator, an additional >100 Watts of Mechanical Input Power must be supplied to the Generator's Drive Shaft by the Prime Mover.
7. If 1 MW of Electric Power is delivered to the Load by the Faraday Generator, an additional >1 MW Watts of Mechanical Input Power must be supplied to the Generator's Drive Shaft by the Prime Mover.
8. Generally speaking the ratio is 2 Watts of Mechanical Input Power to every 1 Watt of Electric Output Power generated.
9. The increase in Drive Shaft Mechanical Input Power is provided by the Prime Mover and the Input Energy Source which powers the Prime Mover.
10. In the Heins ReGenX Generator operation the created and Time Delayed Electromagnetic Field Energy performs Positive Work at infinite efficiency and it increases the Kinetic Energy of the system.
Mathematics behind machine learning INT255 INT255__Unit 3__PPT-1.pptx
Mathematics behind machine learning INT255 INT255__Unit 3__PPT-1.pptxppkmurthy2006
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Mathematics behind machine learning INT255 
Integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) with IoT : A Smart Manufacturing A...
Integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) with IoT : A Smart Manufacturing A...ASHISHDESAI85
油
Combining 3D printing with Internet of Things (IoT) enables the creation of smart, connected, and customizable objects that can monitor, control, and optimize their performance, potentially revolutionizing various industries. oT-enabled 3D printers can use sensors to monitor the quality of prints during the printing process. If any defects or deviations from the desired specifications are detected, the printer can adjust its parameters in real time to ensure that the final product meets the required standards.US Patented ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Quatum Motor EV Regenerative Accelerati...
US Patented ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Quatum Motor EV Regenerative Accelerati...Thane Heins NOBEL PRIZE WINNING ENERGY RESEARCHER
油
US Patented ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Quatum Motor EV Regenerative Accelerati...
US Patented ReGenX Generator, ReGen-X Quatum Motor EV Regenerative Accelerati...Thane Heins NOBEL PRIZE WINNING ENERGY RESEARCHER
油
Textile physics - Swelling of yarn
- 1. Welcome to My Presentation TOPIC: SWELLING OF YARN
- 3. Swelling Property When the fibers absorb water, they change dimensionally (length, diameter, area). Swelling occurs in transverse direction (width wise) and axial direction (length wise). It can be expressed in terms of increase in diameter, length, area and volumes. That means the dimensionally changes due to absorbing water or moisture by any fiber is termed as swelling property.
- 4. Types of swelling 1. Transverse dial swelling 2. Transverse area swelling 3. Axial swelling 4. Volume swelling
- 5. 1. Transverse dial swelling: Fractional increase in diameter of a fiber after swelling is called transverse dia swelling. Mathematically, Transverse dia swelling, SD = D / D Where, D = original diameter of fiber, D =increased diameter of swollen fiber. 2. Transverse area swelling: Fractional increase in area of a fiber after swelling is called transverse area swelling. Mathematically, Transverse area swelling, SA = A / A Where, A = original area of fiber, A =increased area of swollen fiber.
- 6. 3. Axial swelling: Fractional increase in length of a fiber after swelling is called axial swelling. Mathematically, Axial swelling, SL = L / L Where, A = original length of fiber, L =increased length of swollen fiber. 4. Volume swelling: Fractional increase in volume of a fiber after swelling is called volume swelling. Mathematically, Volume swelling, SV = V / V Where, V = original Volume of fiber, V =increased volume of swollen fiber.
- 7. Importance of Swelling Improve the absorption capability of dyes and chemicals. It has technical consequences in the dimensional stability of the fabric, the predominant transverse swelling measurement. Due to swelling the pores of interlaced structure will be blocked, this idea is used to produced shower proof fabric. Improve fastness of dyed materials. Elastic properties changed. Static Electricity is reduced.
- 8. Rates of swelling Depends on Size and form of the sample, such as - fiber, yarn, fabric etc. Composition of the material, such as - cotton, polyester, acrylic, nylon etc. External condition, i.e. Temperature. Chemical content, i.e. oil, wax and other impurities.