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A JOURNEY INTO
THE WORLD OF
PRINTING

By:- AIBA
KUSHAL
SWETA

• Printing can also be defined as localized
dyeing.
• Defined as the application of dye or
pigment in a different pattern on the fabric
and by subsequent after treatment of
fixing the dye or pigment to get a particular
design.
• Sometimes a printed fabric can be
identified by looking at the back side of
fabric where there is no design or color as
face side.
• In cotton, dyes like vat, reactive are used
• In manmade, dyes like disperse and
cationic are used

DIFFERENT STYLES OF
PRINTING
There are three basic approaches to printing
a color on a fabric
1. DIRECT PRINTING
2. DISCHARGE PRINTING
3. RESIST PRINTING

DIRECT PRINTING
• In this type of printing dye is applied onto
the fabric by carved block, stencil,
screen, engraved roller etc.
• The dye is imprinted on the fabric in
paste form and any desired pattern may
be produced
• Example:-Block Printing, Roller Printing,
Screen Printing etc.

DISCHARGE PRINTING
• In this method the fabric is dyed and then
printed with a chemical that will destroy
the color in designed areas.
• Sometimes the base color is removed and
another color printed in its place.

RESIST PRINTING
• In this method bleached fabric are printed
with a resist paste ( a resinous substance
that cannot be penetrated when the fabric
is immersed in a dye ).
• The dye will only affect only the parts that
are not covered by the resist paste .
• After the fabric has passed through a
subsequent dyeing process the resist
paste is removed, leaving a pattern on a
dark background

DIFFERENT TYPES OF
PRINTING
• BLOCK PRINTING
• ROLLER PRINTING
• SCREEN PRINTING
• FLAT-SCREEN PRINTING
• ROTARY PRINTING
• TRANSFER PRINTING
• STENCIL PRINTING
• DIGITAL PRINTING
• BATIK PRINTING
• TIE & DYE

BLOCK PRINTING
• It is the oldest and simplest way of
printing
• In this method a wooden block with a
raised pattern on the surface was dipped
into the printing colorant and then pressed
face down on to fabric.
• The desired pattern was obtained by
repeating the process using different
colors.
• Generally the wooden block is carved out
of hand
• Printing is done manually

BLOCK PRINTING
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Simple method of 1. Involves much
printing manual work
2. No expensive 2. Method is slow and
equipment required therefore low output
3. No limitation in repeat 3. Good skilled labors
of size of style needed for multi color
4. Prints produced have design
great decorative value 4. Fine and delicate
and stamp of designs hard to
craftsmanship produce

ROLLER PRINTING
• It is the machine method of printing
designs on cloths by engraved rollers.
• The design is engraved on the surface of
a metal roller, to which dye is applied, and
the excess is scraped off the roller's
surface, leaving dye in the engraved
sections. When it rolls across the fabric,
the dye on the roller transfers to the fabric.

Diagram of roller printing m/c

ROLLER PRINTING
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Large quantities of 1. Not economical for
fabric at the rate of short run of fabrics.
914-3658m per hour 2. Difficult to produce
can be printed. blotch designs.
2. Faulty joints or joint 3. Repeat of design
marks are absent. limited to the size of
3. Fine sharp outlines the rollers.
and good prints can 4. Setup cost of roller
be obtained which is printing m/c is high
difficult to get in
block printing.

STENCIL PRINTING
• It is one of the oldest way of printing.
• In it color is applied to the fabric by
brushing or spraying the interstices of a
pattern cut out from a flat sheet of metal or
waterproof paper or plastic sheet or
laminated sheet.
• A stencil is prepared by cutting out a
design from a flat sheet of paper, metal, or
plastic.

STENCIL PRINTING
• ADVANTAGES • DISADVANTAGES
1. Simple and cost 1. Good design is
effective. difficult to obtain.
2. Stencils can be 2. Process is laborious.
made rapidly and 3. Not suitable for large
can be used for scale production.
small orders.
3. Color combination is
good in it.

SCREEN PRINTING
• It involves the application of the printing
paste through a fine screen placed in
contact with the fabric to be printed.
• A design is created in reverse on the
screen by blocking areas of the screen
with a material such as an opaque paint.
• The screen is then placed over the fabric
and the printing paste is forced through
the open areas of the screen using a
flexible synthetic rubber or steel blade
known as a squeegee.

PROCESS OF SCREEN PRITING

SCREEN PAPER SIDE SCREEN SQUEEZE SIDE

ORIGINAL PRINT PRINT ON FABRIC

SCREEN PRINTING
1. Simple and cost 1. For high production
effective. large no. of tables
2. Quick pattern required.
making 2. Delicate shading
3. 16 colors can be difficult to obtain.
used in a design. 3. Screen clogging
4. Sharp lines and may be there in fine
features easily areas.
produced.

FLAT-SCREEN PRINTING
• It is the advanced version of screen
printing by using automatic m/c to do work
• It consists of printing table, conveyor belt,
number of screens, mechanism to print on
the fabric, etc.
• First the fabric is brought on the printing
table through a feeding arrangement and
it is gummed to the conveyor belt on the
table

• Conveyor brings fabric periodically under
screen and stops while the screen are
lowered on the required parts of the fabric.
• Printing paste is distributed throughout the
full length of the screen.
• The squeeze is pressed to the screen .
• One or more strokes of the squeeze
ensure simultaneous printing of the
pattern by the common action of all
screens which applies printing paste as
required by the color in the design.

FLAT SCREEN PRINTING
1. Greater production 1. A big setup required
than manual screen for more number of
printing screens
2. Printing with different 2. Prints with more
repeat can be made colors may not be
easily possible
3. Good print is 3. Printing paste not
obtained evenly controlled

ROTARY SCREEN PRINTING
• Rotary screen printing involves a series of
revolving metal cylinder , each with
revolving screens, each with a stationary
squeegee inside which forces the print
paste onto the fabric.
• Twenty or more colours can be printed at
the same time.
• The process is much quicker and more
efficient than flat screen printing .

Working of rotary screen printing
m/c

TRANSFER PRINTING
• It is a indirect method of printing in which
dyes are transferred from paper to a
thermoplastic fabric under controlled
conditions of temperature, time and pressure.
• The image is first engraved on a copper
plate.
• Then pigment is applied on these plates.
• The image is then transferred to a piece of
paper, with a layer of glue applied .
• This is then placed on the fabric and heat and
pressure applied which fixes the print onto
fabric.

TRANSFER PRINTING
1. Operation is simple 1. Process applicable
and no expensive to synthetic fabric
m/c is required. like polyester .
2. No after treatment of 2. Color range is
fabric required limited.
3. Print on fabric is of 3. Cost of printed
excellent quality paper high.
4. Not economical for
small orders.

RESIST PRINTING
• There are two types of resist printing
• BATIK PRINTING
• TIE & DIE PRINTING

BATIK PRINTING
• Originated on island of Java and is a
cottage based industry.
• Batik is derived from word “AMBATIK”
• The resist-dyeing process, whereby
designs are made with wax on a fabric
which is subsequently immersed in a dye
to absorb the color on the unwaxed
portions, is known as batik printing.
• Special feature is the fine lines of color
running irregularly across the fabric.

BATIK PRINTING
• Gives a good artistic • Laborious
effect • Time taking
• Cheap printing • Cracking effect
• Greater artistic • Dye should be
design applied at low
• Fabric has a rich temperature than
and graceful wax.
appearance

TIE & DYE
• It is same as that of batik printing but here
the dye is resisted by knots that are tied in
the cloth before it is immersed in dye bath.
• The outside of the knotted portion is dyed,
but inside is not penetrated if the knot is
firmly tied.
• This gives a characteristic blurred or
mottled effect .

TIE & DYE
• ADVANTAGE • DISADVANTAGE
• Interesting design • Costly
created on fabric • Laborious
• No m/c cost is there • Time taking
• Skilled labour
required

DIGITAL PRINTING
• It is the more advanced type of printing.
• This includes :-
Jet spray printing
Electrostatic printing
Photo printing
Differential printing

CLASSICAL
Also known as ethnic or traditional print. In
this print classical motifs or traditional
collections are used such as mango,
elephant with the chariots, old musical
instruments etc. the culture of any
particular place can also be considered
such as tie and dye , batik, block of
Rajasthan etc

FLORAL PRINT
It has the print of varieties of flower either
in bunch or single spotted , huge or
small , combination of leaves and other
addings.

Color combination is very important.

STRIPES
• PIN STRIPES
• ZIGZAG STRIPES
• SPIRAL STRIPES
• ZEBRA STRIPES
• DIAGONAL STRIPES
• HORIZONTAL STRIPES
• VERTICAL STRIPES
• CURVED STRIPES
• TOOTHPASTE STRIPES
• LAMP POST STRIPES

PIN STRIPES
• THESE ARE STRIPES WHICH IS
PRINTED LINES AT HAIRY DISTANCE
AND MOSTLY TWO OR THREE COLORS
ARE USED INCLUDING THE
BACKGROUND.

ZIGZAG STRIPES
• IT CAN COME IN HORIZONTAL OR
VERTICAL BUT IN THE SHAPE OF
ZIGZAG.

SPIRAL STRIPES
• THE PRINT LOOKS LIKE A STRETCHED
SPRING AT MEDIUM PRESSURE, THIS
CAN EITHER BE VERTICAL OR
HORIZONTAL.

CURVED STRIPES
• THIS PRINT HAS THE EFFECT OF A
WAVE FOLLOWED EITHER
VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL.

TOOTHPASTE STRIPE
• THIS STRIPE CAN BE MULTICOLORED
AND THE DISTANCE CAN VARY BUT
THE WIDTH OF EACH STRIPE SHOULD
BE RANGING FROM 0.5-1.5CMS THE
WIDTH OF THE TOOTHPASTE.

ZEBRA STRIPES
• IN THIS STRIPES ONLY TWO COLORS
ARE USED AND MOSTLY NEUTRAL
COLORED SCHEME IS SEEN .
• THESE STRIPES ARE PLACED AT
EQUIDISTANCE.
• THE WIDTH OF EACH STRIPE WILL
NOT BE MORE THAN 1.0CM

LAMP POST STRIPE
• THE WIDTH STARTS FROM 3-5CM.
• IT CAN BE COMPOUND STRIPES.
• THE PRINT HAS RUNNING LINES OF
FIXED WIDTH.

CHECK PRINTS
• THESE ARE GOT BY INTERSECTING
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LINES AT
90 DEG ANGLES.
• IT IS OF 4 – TYPES
• PLAIDS
• MADRAS CHECK
• BOMBAY CHECK
• OXFORD CHECK

PLAIDS
• PLAIDS ARE SIMPLE CHECK WHERE
ALL THE SQUARES ARE OF EQUAL
SIZE AND IT HAS THE COMBINATION
OF ANY TWO COLORS WHICH ARE
MOSTLY USED FOR SCHOOL
UNIFORMS.
• LOOKS LIKE THE CHECKS IN A CHESS
BOARD

MADRAS CHECK
• IT HAS GOT NO MORE THAN 2 OR 3
VERTICAL STRIPES WITH
EQUAL(SINGLE) HORIZONTAL
STRIPES.
• COLORS USED BLUE, RED, ORANGE,
ETC
• USED FOR LUNGIS, BURMUDAS AND
COATS

BOMBAY CHECKS
• THESE CHECKS ARE MOSTLY
AVAILABLE IN LIGHT COLORS.
• HERE NO PROPER NUMBER OF
STRIPES CAN BE COUNTED EITHER
HORIZONTALLY OR VERTICALLY BUT
STRIPES ARE VERY CLOSELY
PRINTED
• USED IN SHIRTS

OXFORD CHECK
• THIS IS FOUND IN DARK COLORS
WITH WHITE COMBINATION.
• HERE THE STRIPES PRINTED
HORIZONTALLY WILL BE EQUAL TO
THE STRIPES PRINTED VERTICALLY
AND AT EQUAL THICKNESS PLACED AT
EQUIDISTANCE
• USED IN UNIFORMS, MAT, BED
COVERS, DRAPERIES ETC

DOTS
• THESE ARE SPOTS EITHER DESIGNED
OR PLAIN IN DIFFERENT COLORS
• 3 – TYPES
• BIG DOTS(3-10CM)
• SMALL DOTS(PIN- 1.5CM)
• POLKA DOTS(MIXTURE OF ABOVE)

GEOMETRICAL PRINTS
• THIS IS THE PRINT WHERE ALL THE
GEOMETRICAL INSTRUMENT DESIGNS
ARE CREATED AND THE
MATHEMATICAL SIGNS ARE USED
SUCH AS PLUS, MINUS,
MULTIPLICATION DIVISION ETC.

DIRECTIONAL PRINTS
• ANY PRINT WHICH IS DESIGNED
DIRECTIONALLY EITHER HORIZONTAL,
VERTICAL OR DIAGONAL IS CALLED
THE DIRECTIONAL PRINTS.
• ITS FEATURE IS TO FOLLOW THE
DIRECTION OF THE FIRST ONE.
• USED IN EGYPTIAN DRESS

SELF PRINTS
• ANY DESIGN WHICH HAS TO BE
PRINTED SHOULD BE OF THE SAME
SHADES OF THE BACKGROUND
COLOR.
• RUBBER PRINT

COMPUTERISED PRINT
• THE DESIGN IS TAKEN FROM
COMPUTER GRAPHIC DESIGN AND
VIDEO GAMES .
• CAN BE USED FOR CHILDREN AND
TEENAGERS.

WILD PRINT
• THE EFFECT OF FOREST WITH OR
WITHOUT ANIMALS, NATURE ARE
USED IN THIS PRINT
• MOSTLY DULL COLORS ARE USED.

ANIMAL PRINT
• THE IMPORTANCE IS GIVEN TO THE
SKIN TEXTURE OF THE ANIMALS AND
THEIR PRINTS SUCH AS ZEBRA,
CHEETAH, TIGER, DEER, SNAKE ETC

ABSTRACT PRINT
• THIS PRINT IS MADE USING
IRREGULAR SHAPES WITH MATCHING
COLOR SCHEME.

NUMERICAL PRINT
• HERE THE NUMBER 0-9 ARE USED.
• SOME TIMES WITH OR WITHOUT
MATHEMATICAL SIGNS

ALPHABETICAL PRINTS
• THIS PRINT IS MADE USING
ALPHABETS, WORDINGS ETC
• EG: NEWSPAPER PRINT

CHILDREN PRINT
• THE PRINT CONSISTS OF DESIGNS
WHICH CAN EMPHASIZE THE
CHILDREN”S MOOD SUCH AS
CARTOONS, CHOCLATES, FRUITS, ICE
CREAM ETC

PHOTO PRINT
• THE PHOTOS OF THE FAMOUS STARS,
POP SINGERS, OLD CARS ETC ARE
PRINTED ON T-SHIRTS WHICH ARE
CALLED PHOTOPRINT

MARBLE PRINT
• THIS PRINT LOOKS LIKE A MARBLE
FINISH

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