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The 1st Akiyoshi-dai International Symposium

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Erie K. ANDO

This is the ppt slides presented at the symposium held in Yamaguchi Prefecture, where is famous as the largest karst field in Japan, described the overview of the results came from my questionnaire survey that focused on tourism and environmental understandings over Akiyoshi-do limestone show cave.

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Tourism Satisfaction and Environmental Awareness of Akiyoshi-do Cave Tourists Erie K. ANDO (°²ÌÙ×àÒô) 9th March, 2018 REPORT
INTRODUCTION More than 120 of show caves exist in Japan. Three Great Show Caves: Akiyoshi-do Cave (Yamaguchi pref.), Ryuga-do Cave (Kochi pref.), Ryusen-do Cave (Iwate pref.) Akiyoshi-dai has 3 famous show caves. Akiyoshi-do Cave, Taisho-do Cave, Kagekiyo-do Cave
RESEARCH PLACE Akiyoshi-do Cave ? Mine-city, Yamaguchi pref. ? National Park & National Geopark ? Opened to public in 1909 ? Approx. 500,000 visitors/year
Why is Akiyoshi-do Cave important? Tourists Researchers Cavers Enjoy, refresh, feel unusual Discover new facts, problem solutions Exploration, find a new chamber ? Attracts tourists and provide social unity and financial merits to local people. ? Provide unique field to researchers and explorers, and their discoveries contribute to enhance academic value. Financial resource, community encouragement Local people
PROBLEM INSTITUTION No questionnaire survey has performed for Akiyoshi-do Cave since it was opened to public.
Are tourists satisfied with current Akiyoshi-do Cave tourism? How far do they care about the natural environment of the cave? Who are they?ALL UNKNOWN
OBJECTIVE To reveal what contributes to tourism satisfaction and its degree and the level of environmental awareness of Akiyoshi-do Cave tourists
1. Zoning STUDY METHOD Questionnaire survey ? Volume: 4pages of A4 ? Contents: tourism value, environmental awareness, and attribution sections ? Target: Akiyoshi-do Cave tourists ? Period: 28th September 2017 to 10th January 2018 ? Collection methods: online sheet, face to face, collection boxes placed at Karstar, museum, main entrance, ELV entrance, Kurotani entrance
RESULTS Among total of 170 questionnaires distributed, 155 questionnaires were used for the further data analysis. Face to face Online Karstar Museum Main entrance ELV entrance Kurotani entrance 105 15 3 1 1 15 15
Purpose of Visit 33 33 25 28 29 15 81 7 19 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 numberofanswers
Satisfaction 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% very dissatisfied dissatisfied neither satisfied very satisfied landscape restaurants shops fees Cave facility
Tourist Loyalty Strongly disagree DisagreeNeitherAgreeStrongly agree satisfied over all? Are you¡­ introducing this place to your close people? up to visit here again within 1 year? 1.3% 2.0% 12.0% 54.0 % 30.7% 1.3% 1.3% 17.9% 48.3 % 31.1 % 4.7% 18.0 % 37.3 % 25.3% 14.7%
Tour Request 4 5 Caving tour Geomorphology-centered tour Biology-centered tour Joint tour, cave and plateau Cave and human history tour 76 votes 61 votes 58 votes 46 votes 24 votes
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Semantic Differential Comfortable Cheerful Artificial Colorful Relief Clean Beautiful Open Calm Common Uncomfortable Gloomy Natural Simple Scared Unclean Ugly Close Furious Unusual
Environmental Understandings 6.4% 14.2 % 27.7 % 35.5 % 16.3 % 1.4% 23.4 % 36.2 % 27.0 % 12.1% 3.5% 12.7% 23.2% 44.4% 16.2% Strongly disagree DisagreeNeitherAgreeStrongly agree Akiyoshi-do Cave is affected by environmental changes on the surface Tourism can alter the natural environment of the cave The natural environment of Akiyoshi-do Cave is well-preserved
Environmental Understandings NG behavior screening 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 numberoftourists 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 numberoftourists Be careful! NG NG NG NG NG
Needs for Environmental Protection Tourists chose top 3 hoping installation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 votes Limited entrance when crowded etc.
Tourists¡¯ Attribution Gender 10's, 8.3% 20's, 36.8% 30's, 12.5% 40's, 13.2% 50's, 18.8% 60's, 7.6% 70's and over, 2.8% Female, 52.8% Male, 46.5% Others, 1.4% Mine city, 7.1% Yamaguchi pref., 22.0% other pref., 70.9% oversea, 0 1, 47.2 % 2, 19.7 % 3, 7.7% 4, 2.8% 5¨Q, 22.5% day trip, 62.4% stay at a hotel, 35.5% spend night in a car, 2.1% alone, 9.4% friend, 23.7% family , 42.4% lover, 7.2% school /busin ess group, 17.3% Age Residential area Number of visits Staying time Companion
DISCUSSION Cluster analysis Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 ? Family trip ? Stay at a hotel ? Sight seeing ? School or business trip ? Watch cave animals ? Often listen to guides ? Day trip ? Want to be relaxed, forget daily life The results proved, Akiyoshi-do Cave has 3 dimensions. sight seeing spot geo-site for education health resort
DISCUSSION Correlation coefficients Total satisfaction Recommendation to others Re-visit Tourist Loyalty Landscape and atmosphere of the cave 0.64 0.62 Feeling of the nature 0.43 Quality of souvenir Hospitality of staffs 0.44 0.40
DISCUSSION Obstacles for tourist loyalty ¡°Ruined shops have not removed yet and that makes me feel scared.¡± Free writings 1. Shopping street ¡°Shop staffs beckoned me persistently. It was so annoying.¡± 2. Tourist trail ¡°Wet and narrow. Dangerous to pass other tourists¡± ¡°Greens under the lights seemed to be damaging the beautiful landscape.¡±
DISCUSSION NG behavior screening of the tourists showed, 45.8 % touched stalactite 27.1 % touched water 12.2 % eat or drink in cave All harmful for the cave environment. Screening
The natural environment of a cave experiences irreversible alteration as the number of visitors increases if not appropriate conservation is applied. In general, e.g. Touching stalactites or water, eating, drinking, walking outside of the tourist trail can result in¡­ Alteration of water quality, ecosystem, air circulation, and landscape.
Example of human impact study Ando et al. (2017) More human indicating bacteria at the pools nearby the tourist trail than the pools far from there. Difference in microbial community structure was suggested as the result of colony cultivation. He and his collaborators targeted microbes because they are sensitive to environmental changes in order to detect human impacts induced by cave tourists.
DISCUSSION Environmental understanding ? 51.8 % of the tourists agreed ¡°Akiyoshi-do Cave is affected by environmental changes on the surface¡± ? 39.1 % of the tourists agreed ¡°Tourism can alter the natural environment of the cave¡± ? 60.6 % of the tourists agreed ¡°The natural environment of Akiyoshi-do Cave is well-preserved¡± TRUE TRUE FALSE Environmental introduction during their visit could enhance their awareness and thus result in better cave protection.
CONCLUSION ? Tourists were satisfied with the current cave tourism, but there remains some obstacles for improving their loyalty. ? Environmental awareness of the tourists was not so high, but not so low. Needs further environmental education to prevent NG behaviors of tourists. ? This survey was the 1st act to reveal tourism satisfaction, environmental awareness, and the attribution of Akiyoshi-do Cave tourists. More critical questions and further analyses are required.
BEST SHOW CAVE MANAGEMENT Studies of human impacts Air Microbes Visitor pollutants Water Soil minerals etc. YOUR COOPERATION
26.1% 38.7% 19.7% 11.3% 4.2% Ideal ¡°Natural Environment¡± Untouched nature Well-controlled nature
Resource of Akiyoshi information 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Environmental Education Experience 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 experienced environmental education in elementaly and middle school took environmental classes at university major in environmental subjects at graduate school never experienced environmental education joined environmental event held environmental event numberoftourist

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The 1st Akiyoshi-dai International Symposium

  • 1. Tourism Satisfaction and Environmental Awareness of Akiyoshi-do Cave Tourists Erie K. ANDO (°²ÌÙ×àÒô) 9th March, 2018 REPORT
  • 2. INTRODUCTION More than 120 of show caves exist in Japan. Three Great Show Caves: Akiyoshi-do Cave (Yamaguchi pref.), Ryuga-do Cave (Kochi pref.), Ryusen-do Cave (Iwate pref.) Akiyoshi-dai has 3 famous show caves. Akiyoshi-do Cave, Taisho-do Cave, Kagekiyo-do Cave
  • 3. RESEARCH PLACE Akiyoshi-do Cave ? Mine-city, Yamaguchi pref. ? National Park & National Geopark ? Opened to public in 1909 ? Approx. 500,000 visitors/year
  • 4. Why is Akiyoshi-do Cave important? Tourists Researchers Cavers Enjoy, refresh, feel unusual Discover new facts, problem solutions Exploration, find a new chamber ? Attracts tourists and provide social unity and financial merits to local people. ? Provide unique field to researchers and explorers, and their discoveries contribute to enhance academic value. Financial resource, community encouragement Local people
  • 5. PROBLEM INSTITUTION No questionnaire survey has performed for Akiyoshi-do Cave since it was opened to public.
  • 6. Are tourists satisfied with current Akiyoshi-do Cave tourism? How far do they care about the natural environment of the cave? Who are they?ALL UNKNOWN
  • 7. OBJECTIVE To reveal what contributes to tourism satisfaction and its degree and the level of environmental awareness of Akiyoshi-do Cave tourists
  • 8. 1. Zoning STUDY METHOD Questionnaire survey ? Volume: 4pages of A4 ? Contents: tourism value, environmental awareness, and attribution sections ? Target: Akiyoshi-do Cave tourists ? Period: 28th September 2017 to 10th January 2018 ? Collection methods: online sheet, face to face, collection boxes placed at Karstar, museum, main entrance, ELV entrance, Kurotani entrance
  • 9. RESULTS Among total of 170 questionnaires distributed, 155 questionnaires were used for the further data analysis. Face to face Online Karstar Museum Main entrance ELV entrance Kurotani entrance 105 15 3 1 1 15 15
  • 10. Purpose of Visit 33 33 25 28 29 15 81 7 19 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 numberofanswers
  • 11. Satisfaction 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% very dissatisfied dissatisfied neither satisfied very satisfied landscape restaurants shops fees Cave facility
  • 12. Tourist Loyalty Strongly disagree DisagreeNeitherAgreeStrongly agree satisfied over all? Are you¡­ introducing this place to your close people? up to visit here again within 1 year? 1.3% 2.0% 12.0% 54.0 % 30.7% 1.3% 1.3% 17.9% 48.3 % 31.1 % 4.7% 18.0 % 37.3 % 25.3% 14.7%
  • 13. Tour Request 4 5 Caving tour Geomorphology-centered tour Biology-centered tour Joint tour, cave and plateau Cave and human history tour 76 votes 61 votes 58 votes 46 votes 24 votes
  • 14. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Semantic Differential Comfortable Cheerful Artificial Colorful Relief Clean Beautiful Open Calm Common Uncomfortable Gloomy Natural Simple Scared Unclean Ugly Close Furious Unusual
  • 15. Environmental Understandings 6.4% 14.2 % 27.7 % 35.5 % 16.3 % 1.4% 23.4 % 36.2 % 27.0 % 12.1% 3.5% 12.7% 23.2% 44.4% 16.2% Strongly disagree DisagreeNeitherAgreeStrongly agree Akiyoshi-do Cave is affected by environmental changes on the surface Tourism can alter the natural environment of the cave The natural environment of Akiyoshi-do Cave is well-preserved
  • 16. Environmental Understandings NG behavior screening 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 numberoftourists 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 numberoftourists Be careful! NG NG NG NG NG
  • 17. Needs for Environmental Protection Tourists chose top 3 hoping installation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 votes Limited entrance when crowded etc.
  • 18. Tourists¡¯ Attribution Gender 10's, 8.3% 20's, 36.8% 30's, 12.5% 40's, 13.2% 50's, 18.8% 60's, 7.6% 70's and over, 2.8% Female, 52.8% Male, 46.5% Others, 1.4% Mine city, 7.1% Yamaguchi pref., 22.0% other pref., 70.9% oversea, 0 1, 47.2 % 2, 19.7 % 3, 7.7% 4, 2.8% 5¨Q, 22.5% day trip, 62.4% stay at a hotel, 35.5% spend night in a car, 2.1% alone, 9.4% friend, 23.7% family , 42.4% lover, 7.2% school /busin ess group, 17.3% Age Residential area Number of visits Staying time Companion
  • 19. DISCUSSION Cluster analysis Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 ? Family trip ? Stay at a hotel ? Sight seeing ? School or business trip ? Watch cave animals ? Often listen to guides ? Day trip ? Want to be relaxed, forget daily life The results proved, Akiyoshi-do Cave has 3 dimensions. sight seeing spot geo-site for education health resort
  • 20. DISCUSSION Correlation coefficients Total satisfaction Recommendation to others Re-visit Tourist Loyalty Landscape and atmosphere of the cave 0.64 0.62 Feeling of the nature 0.43 Quality of souvenir Hospitality of staffs 0.44 0.40
  • 21. DISCUSSION Obstacles for tourist loyalty ¡°Ruined shops have not removed yet and that makes me feel scared.¡± Free writings 1. Shopping street ¡°Shop staffs beckoned me persistently. It was so annoying.¡± 2. Tourist trail ¡°Wet and narrow. Dangerous to pass other tourists¡± ¡°Greens under the lights seemed to be damaging the beautiful landscape.¡±
  • 22. DISCUSSION NG behavior screening of the tourists showed, 45.8 % touched stalactite 27.1 % touched water 12.2 % eat or drink in cave All harmful for the cave environment. Screening
  • 23. The natural environment of a cave experiences irreversible alteration as the number of visitors increases if not appropriate conservation is applied. In general, e.g. Touching stalactites or water, eating, drinking, walking outside of the tourist trail can result in¡­ Alteration of water quality, ecosystem, air circulation, and landscape.
  • 24. Example of human impact study Ando et al. (2017) More human indicating bacteria at the pools nearby the tourist trail than the pools far from there. Difference in microbial community structure was suggested as the result of colony cultivation. He and his collaborators targeted microbes because they are sensitive to environmental changes in order to detect human impacts induced by cave tourists.
  • 25. DISCUSSION Environmental understanding ? 51.8 % of the tourists agreed ¡°Akiyoshi-do Cave is affected by environmental changes on the surface¡± ? 39.1 % of the tourists agreed ¡°Tourism can alter the natural environment of the cave¡± ? 60.6 % of the tourists agreed ¡°The natural environment of Akiyoshi-do Cave is well-preserved¡± TRUE TRUE FALSE Environmental introduction during their visit could enhance their awareness and thus result in better cave protection.
  • 26. CONCLUSION ? Tourists were satisfied with the current cave tourism, but there remains some obstacles for improving their loyalty. ? Environmental awareness of the tourists was not so high, but not so low. Needs further environmental education to prevent NG behaviors of tourists. ? This survey was the 1st act to reveal tourism satisfaction, environmental awareness, and the attribution of Akiyoshi-do Cave tourists. More critical questions and further analyses are required.
  • 27. BEST SHOW CAVE MANAGEMENT Studies of human impacts Air Microbes Visitor pollutants Water Soil minerals etc. YOUR COOPERATION
  • 28. 26.1% 38.7% 19.7% 11.3% 4.2% Ideal ¡°Natural Environment¡± Untouched nature Well-controlled nature
  • 29. Resource of Akiyoshi information 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
  • 30. Environmental Education Experience 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 experienced environmental education in elementaly and middle school took environmental classes at university major in environmental subjects at graduate school never experienced environmental education joined environmental event held environmental event numberoftourist

Editor's Notes

  • #12: The landscape of the cave showed high level of tourist satisfaction. Also the tourist trail, cave lights, and voice guidance showed high level satisfaction. However, shopping street in front of the cave and the entrance fee of the cave showed low level of tourist satisfaction.
  • #13: 84.7% of the tourists answered they were satisfied overall. 79.4% of the tourists were motivated to introduce Akiyoshi-do Cave to their close people. 40.4% of the tourists wanted to visit again within 1 year.
  • #14: Asked their tour request, caving tour was the most popular tour, followed by geomorphology-centered tour and biology-centered tour.
  • #15: Semantic Differential survey. Many tourists answered, they felt gloomy than cheerful, and unusual than common, but they felt comfortable than uncomfortable. It¡¯s a big question.
  • #16: More than half of the tourists agreed to the question that Akiyoshi-do Cave is affected by environmental changes on the surface. 39.1% of the tourists agreed to the question that tourism can alter the natural environment of the cave. About 60% of the tourists thought the natural environment of Akiyoshi-do Cave was well-preserved.
  • #17: I asked what they did during their tour in Akiyoshi-do Cave. Among these possible behaviors, touching stalactite, touching water, eating, drinking, getting out of the trail, and running are considered to be harmful behaviors to the cave environment.
  • #18: The tourists answered, installation of shoes washing spots, handbooks, and cave lights with human sensor should be the best priority.
  • #19: Tourists¡¯ distribution: gender, age, residential area, number of visitors, staying time, companion
  • #20: As the result of cluster analysis, Akiyoshi-do Cave tourists were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was characterized by the tourists having family trip, stay at a hotel, and visit here for sight seeing. Group 2 was the tourists attending school trips or business trips, often watch cave animals, and listen to guides. Group 3 was characterized by day trip tourists, and they wanted to be relaxed and forget daily life. So, Akiyoshi-do Cave tourism has 3 dimensions that a famous tourist spot, geo-site for education, and health resort.
  • #21: Here are the 3 tourist loyalty. Total satisfaction, recommendation to others, and motivation to re-visit The result of correlation coefficients analysis, landscape and atmosphere of the cave had very strong positive relationship with total satisfaction and recommendation to others. Feeling of the nature had strong positive relationship with recommendation to others.
  • #22: Obstacles for tourist loyalty could be the shopping street and the tourist trail according to their free writings. For the shopping street, a tourist said,
  • #23: Behavior screening of the tourists showed, 45.8% touched stalactite, 27.1% touched water, and 12.2% ate or drunk in cave. Notice, these are all harmful behaviors to the cave environment.
  • #28: Cave managers, guides, explorers, and researchers should help each other and make steps for sustainable development of Akiyoshi-do Cave.
  • #29: Their ideal natural environment tended to be the nature as it is, rather than controlled nature by humans.