The Ashanti People are an Akan group located primarily in central Ghana, numbering over 10 million. They speak Twi and practice Christianity, Islam, and traditional Ashanti beliefs. In the 17th century, the Ashanti clans united under Chief Osei Tutu to form the powerful Ashanti Kingdom, with allegiance sworn to the sacred Golden Stool. Representing the soul of the Ashanti people, the Golden Stool is the foremost symbol of Ashanti nationalism and unity. The Ashanti were historically skilled farmers and traders and had a sizable military of up to 200,000 people who allowed the kingdom to expand substantially over a century.
The Ashanti People are an Akan group located primarily in central Ghana, numbering over 10 million. They speak Twi and practice Christianity, Islam, and traditional Ashanti beliefs. In the 17th century, the Ashanti clans united under Chief Osei Tutu to form the powerful Ashanti Kingdom, with allegiance sworn to the sacred Golden Stool. As farmers and traders, the Ashanti economy centered around crops like cocoa and gold mining. They had a strong, organized army of 80,000-200,000 that resisted European colonization. The Golden Stool remains a symbol of Ashanti nationalism.
The document discusses West African kingdoms and their interactions with Europeans through trade and slavery. It describes how West Africans had advanced societies and traded gold, spices, and other goods as part of an extensive trading network. When Europeans entered the trade, some West African elites helped supply slaves, which the Europeans transported to the Americas. While the Portuguese initially hoped to colonize Africa, they found African armies strong and faced deadly tropical diseases, so they focused on trade instead of settlement. Trade benefited both African kingdoms and the growing Portuguese economy.
The document discusses the period of global interactions between 1450-1750, including the increased connections between hemispheres through trade networks, the spread of crops, diseases, and religion through the Columbian Exchange, and the rise of colonial empires in Africa, Asia, and the Americas involving plantation economies using slave labor and the growth of the African slave trade. Major African empires like Oyo, Benin, Kongo, and Asante expanded through trade and centralized rule while controlling important commodities.
This document provides an overview of European exploration and encounters with Africa and Asia between 1415-1796. It discusses how the search for spices by Europeans led to the age of exploration, including early Portuguese voyages along the coast of Africa and Vasco da Gama's arrival in India in 1497. It also summarizes the rise and fall of several African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that controlled the trans-Saharan trade routes, as well as coastal trading kingdoms in West and Southern Africa.
1. Medieval Africa saw the rise of powerful civilizations and empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa.
2. These empires grew wealthy through trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt. They had complex governments with kings, councils, and local leaders.
3. East Africa also had powerful kingdoms like Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, and city-states along the coast that engaged in trade by sea.
Africa is the second largest continent, home to over 1 billion people as of 2011. It has a diverse geography including the Sahara desert in the north and tropical regions in the south. Some of the earliest humans originated in Africa, including "Lucy" discovered in Ethiopia. Ancient civilizations like the Nok and Bantu peoples developed across Africa as early as 800 BC. Powerful kingdoms later arose, such as the Kingdom of Kush in Sudan and the Aksum empire in Ethiopia, demonstrating advanced cultures with writing systems, cities, and trade networks. Major empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai controlled trade routes and converted to Islam, spreading their influence across western Africa into the medieval period.
1) Around 1500, European colonists began enslaving Africans in the Americas in order to meet their demand for cheap laborers, especially to work plantations.
2) Many African rulers and merchants willingly participated in the slave trade by capturing and selling Africans to Europeans on the coast in exchange for goods.
3) The triangular trade routes transported enslaved Africans to the Americas, where they endured the brutal and deadly "Middle Passage" in the ship holds, to be sold and used as laborers on plantations.
The document provides an overview of African civilizations, including:
- Early humans lived in Africa over 150,000 years ago and were affected by the continent's geography including savannas, plateaus, and deserts.
- Powerful empires like Ghana and Mali developed along trade routes and had strong central governments, while leadership in Ghana passed to the king's sister's son.
- Most African societies believed in a supreme creator god and lesser gods, while Islam spread across northern and eastern Africa between the 1100s-1400s.
LT Becoming African American (Africa- 1861) [Autosaved].pptxLeonard Thompson
油
The document provides information on the transatlantic slave trade between Africa and the Americas from the 15th to 19th centuries. It notes that millions of Africans were captured and sold into slavery by other Africans and European slave traders, with the majority coming from West Africa. Africans played a direct role in the slave trade by raiding neighboring groups and capturing prisoners of war to sell. Captured Africans faced violent marches to coastal outposts where they awaited transport in dungeons, with around half dying along the journey. Europeans justified the slave trade through doctrines like those expressed in papal bulls that allowed European powers to claim non-Christian lands and people.
This document provides a timeline and overview of major African civilizations from ancient times through the rise and fall of early empires. It describes the geography of the continent including the Sahara and Kalahari deserts. Early settlements developed along the Nile River valley starting around 5000 BC. Notable early kingdoms included Nok, Bantu, Kingdom of Kush in modern-day Sudan, and Aksum in Ethiopia. Major empires that arose from trade included Ghana with its capital at Kumbi Saleh, Kanem-Bornu centered around Lake Chad, Mali under Mansa Musa, and later the Songhai Empire. Art, literature, education, and commerce contributed to the development of culture across
The document provides an overview of the key topics and concepts that will be covered in a chapter about medieval Africa, including:
- The rise of African civilizations in western and eastern Africa, shaped by geography and trade. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Axum, and Great Zimbabwe are discussed.
- The governments and religions that influenced life in medieval Africa, including traditional African religions, the growth of centralized governments in West African empires, and the spread of Islam.
- African society and culture, specifically how the Bantu migrations shaped cultures and how the slave trade later disrupted many cultures.
1. Native peoples first arrived in North America over 15,000 years ago via the Bering Strait land bridge between Asia and North America. They built complex societies before European contact.
2. When Europeans arrived, they viewed Native peoples as savages and believed they did not truly own the land. This ignoring of Native land rights and sovereignty facilitated European colonization.
3. The first European powers to colonize were Spain and Portugal. They established global empires focused on extracting wealth, especially gold and silver, through the encomienda system of forced Native labor.
The document summarizes the history and culture of West Africa from approximately 1500 CE. It describes the Songhai Empire which dominated the region from 1464-1591 and later fell to invaders from Morocco. It also outlines the diverse ethnic groups and kingdoms of West Africa, the importance of Islam and trade, and the cultural traditions around oral history, art, music, and religion that flourished prior to European influence in the region.
The document summarizes the history and culture of West Africa from approximately 1500 CE. It describes the Songhai Empire which dominated the region from 1464-1591 and later fell to invaders from Morocco. It also outlines the diversity of ethnic groups, languages, and kingdoms in the forest region. West African society was based around family, villages, farming, and trade. Islam became influential in coastal trading cities while indigenous religions persisted internally.
The document discusses the rise of civilization in Africa between 800-1500 CE. Powerful trading empires developed in eastern and western Africa, connecting the continent to global trade networks. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai arose in West Africa, controlling gold and salt trade routes and growing into powerful states. In East Africa, the Kingdom of Axum developed along the Red Sea, linking Africa to trade with India and the Mediterranean. African societies maintained strong family, village, and religious traditions while absorbing influences from global connections through trade.
Europeans explored and colonized much of the world between the 1400s and 1700s for reasons such as trade, religion, and glory. They established trading posts and settlements in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. This led to immense political, social, and economic changes, including the rise of new empires and the spread of Christianity and European culture. It also involved exploitation such as the Atlantic slave trade and the transfer of wealth from colonies to European powers. By the late 1700s, capitalism had begun to replace the system of mercantilism in guiding international trade.
The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It describes the geography and climate of Africa and provides details on the Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires that dominated trade routes and flourished during this period. It also discusses the Bantu migrations and the growth of Swahili culture and trading ports along the East African coast that engaged in the Indian Ocean trade network.
Early African history involved people living as hunter-gatherers who later began herding livestock and farming. Around 3000 BC, the Bantu migration spread Bantu people, language, culture, and technology from Nigeria to other parts of Africa. In East Africa, the Kush kingdom developed along the Nile River in Sudan in 800 BC and traded gold, ivory, and iron as far as Egypt. The Axum kingdom located in Ethiopia prospered from trade starting in the AD 300s due to its strategic location on the Red Sea. Axum converted to Christianity in the AD 300s and remained an important center of African Christianity even after losing connections to neighbors in the AD 600s. The Great Zimbabwe civilization supplied gold
The document provides an overview of African civilization, geography, history, and traditional society. It discusses:
- Africa's geography including the Sahara and Kalahari deserts and climate zones.
- Early settlements in Egypt and the discovery of "Lucy".
- Traditional village governments focused on community over individuals and animist religious beliefs.
- The rise of early communities like the Nok and Bantu people who spread across the continent.
- Ancient kingdoms including Kush, Aksum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that developed trade networks and converted to Christianity or Islam.
- Contributions of African art, literature, and education traditions.
The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It discusses the Kush civilization in Nubia, the Axum civilization in Ethiopia, the Ghana empire which dominated gold and salt trade, the large Mali empire under Mansa Musa, and the Songhai empire centered along the Niger River. It also describes the Bantu migrations and establishment of trading port cities along the East African coast that participated in Indian Ocean trade networks.
This document provides an overview of the history of slavery from ancient times through modern slavery. It discusses slavery in Africa, including enslavement by Arabs and the transatlantic slave trade conducted by European powers. The slaving process is described in six steps from capture to sale. Comparisons are made between slave experiences in different colonies. Resistance by slaves and little known facts about slavery in America are also presented. The document concludes by noting the ongoing problem of modern slavery.
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai dominated West Africa in succession from 300 to 1600 AD, controlling trade and exchanging gold for goods brought by Europeans like the Portuguese. These powerful empires were located along the Niger River in western Africa south of the Sahara and became centers of learning and trade.
The three West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai dominated the region from 300 to 1600 AD, becoming powerful through controlling trade and exchanging gold for goods brought by the Portuguese. Mansa Musa's rule of Mali from 1312-1332 AD increased European interest in Africa's resources and peoples. The capitals of these empires, like Timbuktu, became centers of learning.
- Native Americans originally migrated to North America over a land bridge between Asia and North America around 15,000-40,000 years ago. They built societies, trade networks, and agricultural systems.
- European views of Native Americans were generally negative, seeing them as savages who did not make proper use of the land and lacked concepts of private property and laws. Europeans did not respect Native religious practices or forms of government.
- Portuguese exploration in the 15th century established the Atlantic slave trade, transporting millions of Africans to European colonies as slaves. This helped fuel the rise of powerful European empires like Spain and France, which went on to colonize the Americas.
The document provides background information on Ghana, including its history, geography, people, and culture. It discusses how Ghana was originally formed in the 5th century as the Kingdom of Ghana in what is now southeast Mauritania. It later came under control of the British in the late 18th century and gained independence in 1957. Today, Ghana has a population of over 22 million people from various ethnic groups and regions. Traditional Ghanaian culture includes folk tales, kente cloth, and traditional garments.
The Asante Kingdom developed in 1670s Ghana through the military conquests of Osei Tutu. He unified surrounding Akan chiefdoms and established Kumasi as the capital. Osei Tutu introduced the Golden Stool as a symbol of his divine authority over the Asante people. Under Osei Tutu and his successor Opoku Ware, the Asante Kingdom grew to control much of present-day Ghana through the gold trade and slave raiding of neighboring groups. The Asante remained a powerful kingdom into the 19th century before falling to European colonizers.
The document provides an overview of African civilizations, including:
- Early humans lived in Africa over 150,000 years ago and were affected by the continent's geography including savannas, plateaus, and deserts.
- Powerful empires like Ghana and Mali developed along trade routes and had strong central governments, while leadership in Ghana passed to the king's sister's son.
- Most African societies believed in a supreme creator god and lesser gods, while Islam spread across northern and eastern Africa between the 1100s-1400s.
LT Becoming African American (Africa- 1861) [Autosaved].pptxLeonard Thompson
油
The document provides information on the transatlantic slave trade between Africa and the Americas from the 15th to 19th centuries. It notes that millions of Africans were captured and sold into slavery by other Africans and European slave traders, with the majority coming from West Africa. Africans played a direct role in the slave trade by raiding neighboring groups and capturing prisoners of war to sell. Captured Africans faced violent marches to coastal outposts where they awaited transport in dungeons, with around half dying along the journey. Europeans justified the slave trade through doctrines like those expressed in papal bulls that allowed European powers to claim non-Christian lands and people.
This document provides a timeline and overview of major African civilizations from ancient times through the rise and fall of early empires. It describes the geography of the continent including the Sahara and Kalahari deserts. Early settlements developed along the Nile River valley starting around 5000 BC. Notable early kingdoms included Nok, Bantu, Kingdom of Kush in modern-day Sudan, and Aksum in Ethiopia. Major empires that arose from trade included Ghana with its capital at Kumbi Saleh, Kanem-Bornu centered around Lake Chad, Mali under Mansa Musa, and later the Songhai Empire. Art, literature, education, and commerce contributed to the development of culture across
The document provides an overview of the key topics and concepts that will be covered in a chapter about medieval Africa, including:
- The rise of African civilizations in western and eastern Africa, shaped by geography and trade. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Axum, and Great Zimbabwe are discussed.
- The governments and religions that influenced life in medieval Africa, including traditional African religions, the growth of centralized governments in West African empires, and the spread of Islam.
- African society and culture, specifically how the Bantu migrations shaped cultures and how the slave trade later disrupted many cultures.
1. Native peoples first arrived in North America over 15,000 years ago via the Bering Strait land bridge between Asia and North America. They built complex societies before European contact.
2. When Europeans arrived, they viewed Native peoples as savages and believed they did not truly own the land. This ignoring of Native land rights and sovereignty facilitated European colonization.
3. The first European powers to colonize were Spain and Portugal. They established global empires focused on extracting wealth, especially gold and silver, through the encomienda system of forced Native labor.
The document summarizes the history and culture of West Africa from approximately 1500 CE. It describes the Songhai Empire which dominated the region from 1464-1591 and later fell to invaders from Morocco. It also outlines the diverse ethnic groups and kingdoms of West Africa, the importance of Islam and trade, and the cultural traditions around oral history, art, music, and religion that flourished prior to European influence in the region.
The document summarizes the history and culture of West Africa from approximately 1500 CE. It describes the Songhai Empire which dominated the region from 1464-1591 and later fell to invaders from Morocco. It also outlines the diversity of ethnic groups, languages, and kingdoms in the forest region. West African society was based around family, villages, farming, and trade. Islam became influential in coastal trading cities while indigenous religions persisted internally.
The document discusses the rise of civilization in Africa between 800-1500 CE. Powerful trading empires developed in eastern and western Africa, connecting the continent to global trade networks. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai arose in West Africa, controlling gold and salt trade routes and growing into powerful states. In East Africa, the Kingdom of Axum developed along the Red Sea, linking Africa to trade with India and the Mediterranean. African societies maintained strong family, village, and religious traditions while absorbing influences from global connections through trade.
Europeans explored and colonized much of the world between the 1400s and 1700s for reasons such as trade, religion, and glory. They established trading posts and settlements in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. This led to immense political, social, and economic changes, including the rise of new empires and the spread of Christianity and European culture. It also involved exploitation such as the Atlantic slave trade and the transfer of wealth from colonies to European powers. By the late 1700s, capitalism had begun to replace the system of mercantilism in guiding international trade.
The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It describes the geography and climate of Africa and provides details on the Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires that dominated trade routes and flourished during this period. It also discusses the Bantu migrations and the growth of Swahili culture and trading ports along the East African coast that engaged in the Indian Ocean trade network.
Early African history involved people living as hunter-gatherers who later began herding livestock and farming. Around 3000 BC, the Bantu migration spread Bantu people, language, culture, and technology from Nigeria to other parts of Africa. In East Africa, the Kush kingdom developed along the Nile River in Sudan in 800 BC and traded gold, ivory, and iron as far as Egypt. The Axum kingdom located in Ethiopia prospered from trade starting in the AD 300s due to its strategic location on the Red Sea. Axum converted to Christianity in the AD 300s and remained an important center of African Christianity even after losing connections to neighbors in the AD 600s. The Great Zimbabwe civilization supplied gold
The document provides an overview of African civilization, geography, history, and traditional society. It discusses:
- Africa's geography including the Sahara and Kalahari deserts and climate zones.
- Early settlements in Egypt and the discovery of "Lucy".
- Traditional village governments focused on community over individuals and animist religious beliefs.
- The rise of early communities like the Nok and Bantu people who spread across the continent.
- Ancient kingdoms including Kush, Aksum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that developed trade networks and converted to Christianity or Islam.
- Contributions of African art, literature, and education traditions.
The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It discusses the Kush civilization in Nubia, the Axum civilization in Ethiopia, the Ghana empire which dominated gold and salt trade, the large Mali empire under Mansa Musa, and the Songhai empire centered along the Niger River. It also describes the Bantu migrations and establishment of trading port cities along the East African coast that participated in Indian Ocean trade networks.
This document provides an overview of the history of slavery from ancient times through modern slavery. It discusses slavery in Africa, including enslavement by Arabs and the transatlantic slave trade conducted by European powers. The slaving process is described in six steps from capture to sale. Comparisons are made between slave experiences in different colonies. Resistance by slaves and little known facts about slavery in America are also presented. The document concludes by noting the ongoing problem of modern slavery.
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai dominated West Africa in succession from 300 to 1600 AD, controlling trade and exchanging gold for goods brought by Europeans like the Portuguese. These powerful empires were located along the Niger River in western Africa south of the Sahara and became centers of learning and trade.
The three West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai dominated the region from 300 to 1600 AD, becoming powerful through controlling trade and exchanging gold for goods brought by the Portuguese. Mansa Musa's rule of Mali from 1312-1332 AD increased European interest in Africa's resources and peoples. The capitals of these empires, like Timbuktu, became centers of learning.
- Native Americans originally migrated to North America over a land bridge between Asia and North America around 15,000-40,000 years ago. They built societies, trade networks, and agricultural systems.
- European views of Native Americans were generally negative, seeing them as savages who did not make proper use of the land and lacked concepts of private property and laws. Europeans did not respect Native religious practices or forms of government.
- Portuguese exploration in the 15th century established the Atlantic slave trade, transporting millions of Africans to European colonies as slaves. This helped fuel the rise of powerful European empires like Spain and France, which went on to colonize the Americas.
The document provides background information on Ghana, including its history, geography, people, and culture. It discusses how Ghana was originally formed in the 5th century as the Kingdom of Ghana in what is now southeast Mauritania. It later came under control of the British in the late 18th century and gained independence in 1957. Today, Ghana has a population of over 22 million people from various ethnic groups and regions. Traditional Ghanaian culture includes folk tales, kente cloth, and traditional garments.
The Asante Kingdom developed in 1670s Ghana through the military conquests of Osei Tutu. He unified surrounding Akan chiefdoms and established Kumasi as the capital. Osei Tutu introduced the Golden Stool as a symbol of his divine authority over the Asante people. Under Osei Tutu and his successor Opoku Ware, the Asante Kingdom grew to control much of present-day Ghana through the gold trade and slave raiding of neighboring groups. The Asante remained a powerful kingdom into the 19th century before falling to European colonizers.
National 5 History assignment - writing the main sectionmrmarr
油
The document provides guidance on writing the main section of a paper using the FIDO method, which stands for Factor, Information, Debate, and Overall. According to FIDO, the main section should cover 3 issues by first introducing the factor, then describing at least 3 relevant facts including one source fact, explaining why the issue is important, and on one occasion explaining why the issue is not the most important before stating the factor's overall importance and reason.
National 5 History assignment - writing the conclusionmrmarr
油
The document provides guidance for writing a conclusion in 3 sections: (a) directly answering the question and stating the main reason or issue, (b) providing one piece of evidence to support the stated view, and (c) acknowledging other important factors while emphasizing the primary factor. The writer is also reminded to include at least two sources in their response.
SQA Advanced Higher History exam paper - 2023mrmarr
油
1) Kenneth MacAlpin's conquest of Pictland in the mid-9th century was an important step towards the formation of the kingdom of Alba by 900, though interpretations differ on his contributions. Sources C and D reveal differing views, with Source C seeing MacAlpin's dynasty as giving "added posthumous glory" to his conquest, while Source D emphasizes local Pictish resistance and that the tradition of MacAlpin killing Pictish nobles is "likely fictitious."
2) Sources A and B provide context on pre-Roman and Roman Northern Britain. Source A describes the lifestyle and organization of Iron Age peoples, though its usefulness is limited by being an outside account.
Advanced Higher History exam - 2023 (marking instructions)mrmarr
油
This document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Advanced Higher History exam in Scotland. It outlines general marking principles, such as using positive marking and awarding marks for relevant points made by candidates regardless of errors. It also provides specific guidance for marking different types of questions, including essays, source analysis questions, and questions comparing two sources. The marking criteria focus on assessing candidates' knowledge, analysis, evaluation of sources, and understanding of historiography.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023 (marking instructions)mrmarr
油
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Higher History exam on British, European and World History. It outlines general marking principles and principles for specific question types, including essays. For essays, it describes how marks should be awarded for historical context, conclusions, use of knowledge, analysis, and evaluation. The marking instructions provide guidance to examiners on assessing responses consistently according to SQA standards.
This document contains instructions and questions for a History exam on British, European and World History from 2023. It is divided into two sections, with Section 1 focusing on British history and Section 2 on European and World history. Each section contains multiple parts on different time periods and topics. Students must choose one part from Section 1 and one from Section 2, and answer one question from each of the two parts they chose. The questions range from short answers to longer essay questions assessing students' understanding of key historical developments, causes, consequences and interpretations.
Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023 (marking instructions)mrmarr
油
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Scottish Higher History exam on Scottish History. It outlines general marking principles, marking principles for different question types, and detailed marking instructions for specific questions. For question 1, candidates can earn marks for interpreting the viewpoints in two given sources about the Guardians ruling Scotland after King Alexander III's death, and for providing relevant outside knowledge. Overall, the document provides a framework for examiners to consistently mark student responses for this exam.
Sources A and B provide differing interpretations of the early growth of Protestantism in Scotland in the 1550s-1560s. Source A emphasizes that many Scots were dissatisfied with the Catholic Church and open to Protestant ideas due to works criticizing the Catholic Church. Source B stresses the impact of Protestant preachers like John Knox and the support of powerful lords and the passing of laws against Protestant literature.
Source C outlines the Second Book of Discipline's vision of an independent Kirk governed by presbyteries and assemblies rather than bishops or the Crown. It notes James VI's opposition to these plans in 1581, with Presbyterians believing the King should submit to the Kirk, while the King and nobility disagreed
Higher Migration and Empire - reasons for emigrant scots' successmrmarr
油
The document discusses reasons for the success of many emigrant Scots in building new lives in other parts of the British Empire from 1830-1939. It states that Scots often succeeded due to factors like their nationality, English language abilities, education levels, reputation for hard work, skills in demanded fields, establishment of businesses and communities, and support from the British government and other Scots abroad. However, not all emigrant Scots found success, as some faced problems like poverty, unemployment, and loneliness in their new homes.
The 1944 Education Act aimed to improve education access and outcomes in Britain. It raised the compulsory school leaving age to 15, providing all children a minimum of secondary education. At age 11, children took an exam that determined if they attended an academic-focused senior secondary school or trades-focused junior secondary school. However, the exam system was criticized for penalizing poorer students and determining children's futures too early. Labour also introduced new school buildings to replace those damaged in war and accommodate growing student populations, though secondary schools remained outdated in many areas.
The NHS was established in 1948 by the 1945-51 British government to provide universal healthcare access, treating all medical problems freely at the point of use based on need rather than ability to pay. It aimed to eliminate disease by offering healthcare to all British citizens, over half of whom previously lacked medical coverage. While popular, the NHS also proved very expensive to run and faced initial shortages of hospital facilities and medical staff that limited treatment effectiveness and access.
The New Towns Act of 1946 aimed to tackle overcrowding and improve housing conditions in Britain by building new towns with homes. 14 new towns were established by 1951, moving people from city slums to new communities built in the countryside. However, these new towns initially lacked jobs and local facilities, requiring long commutes. Additionally, while the government set targets to build over 1 million new homes by 1951, housing shortages remained an issue as only around 800,000 new houses were completed. Prefabricated housing provided a temporary solution to the shortage but was meant to last only 10 years though many prefab homes stood for decades.
Finals of Rass MELAI : a Music, Entertainment, Literature, Arts and Internet Culture Quiz organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
How to Configure Flexible Working Schedule in Odoo 18 EmployeeCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to configure flexible working schedule in Odoo 18 Employee module. In Odoo 18, the Employee module offers powerful tools to configure and manage flexible working schedules tailored to your organization's needs.
Finals of Kaun TALHA : a Travel, Architecture, Lifestyle, Heritage and Activism quiz, organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
Blind Spots in AI and Formulation Science Knowledge Pyramid (Updated Perspect...Ajaz Hussain
油
This presentation delves into the systemic blind spots within pharmaceutical science and regulatory systems, emphasizing the significance of "inactive ingredients" and their influence on therapeutic equivalence. These blind spots, indicative of normalized systemic failures, go beyond mere chance occurrences and are ingrained deeply enough to compromise decision-making processes and erode trust.
Historical instances like the 1938 FD&C Act and the Generic Drug Scandals underscore how crisis-triggered reforms often fail to address the fundamental issues, perpetuating inefficiencies and hazards.
The narrative advocates a shift from reactive crisis management to proactive, adaptable systems prioritizing continuous enhancement. Key hurdles involve challenging outdated assumptions regarding bioavailability, inadequately funded research ventures, and the impact of vague language in regulatory frameworks.
The rise of large language models (LLMs) presents promising solutions, albeit with accompanying risks necessitating thorough validation and seamless integration.
Tackling these blind spots demands a holistic approach, embracing adaptive learning and a steadfast commitment to self-improvement. By nurturing curiosity, refining regulatory terminology, and judiciously harnessing new technologies, the pharmaceutical sector can progress towards better public health service delivery and ensure the safety, efficacy, and real-world impact of drug products.
Digital Tools with AI for e-Content Development.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
油
This ppt is useful for not only for B.Ed., M.Ed., M.A. (Education) or any other PG level students or Ph.D. scholars but also for the school, college and university teachers who are interested to prepare an e-content with AI for their students and others.
Mate, a short story by Kate Grenvile.pptxLiny Jenifer
油
A powerpoint presentation on the short story Mate by Kate Greenville. This presentation provides information on Kate Greenville, a character list, plot summary and critical analysis of the short story.
How to Setup WhatsApp in Odoo 17 - Odoo 際際滷sCeline George
油
Integrate WhatsApp into Odoo using the WhatsApp Business API or third-party modules to enhance communication. This integration enables automated messaging and customer interaction management within Odoo 17.
APM People Interest Network Conference 2025
- Autonomy, Teams and Tension
- Oliver Randall & David Bovis
- Own Your Autonomy
Oliver Randall
Consultant, Tribe365
Oliver is a career project professional since 2011 and started volunteering with APM in 2016 and has since chaired the People Interest Network and the North East Regional Network. Oliver has been consulting in culture, leadership and behaviours since 2019 and co-developed HPTM速an off the shelf high performance framework for teams and organisations and is currently working with SAS (Stellenbosch Academy for Sport) developing the culture, leadership and behaviours framework for future elite sportspeople whilst also holding down work as a project manager in the NHS at North Tees and Hartlepool Foundation Trust.
David Bovis
Consultant, Duxinaroe
A Leadership and Culture Change expert, David is the originator of BTFA and The Dux Model.
With a Masters in Applied Neuroscience from the Institute of Organisational Neuroscience, he is widely regarded as the Go-To expert in the field, recognised as an inspiring keynote speaker and change strategist.
He has an industrial engineering background, majoring in TPS / Lean. David worked his way up from his apprenticeship to earn his seat at the C-suite table. His career spans several industries, including Automotive, Aerospace, Defence, Space, Heavy Industries and Elec-Mech / polymer contract manufacture.
Published in Londons Evening Standard quarterly business supplement, James Caans Your business Magazine, Quality World, the Lean Management Journal and Cambridge Universities PMA, he works as comfortably with leaders from FTSE and Fortune 100 companies as he does owner-managers in SMEs. He is passionate about helping leaders understand the neurological root cause of a high-performance culture and sustainable change, in business.
Session | Own Your Autonomy The Importance of Autonomy in Project Management
#OwnYourAutonomy is aiming to be a global APM initiative to position everyone to take a more conscious role in their decision making process leading to increased outcomes for everyone and contribute to a world in which all projects succeed.
We want everyone to join the journey.
#OwnYourAutonomy is the culmination of 3 years of collaborative exploration within the Leadership Focus Group which is part of the APM People Interest Network. The work has been pulled together using the 5 HPTM速 Systems and the BTFA neuroscience leadership programme.
https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/apm-people-network/about/
APM People Interest Network Conference 2025
-Autonomy, Teams and Tension: Projects under stress
-Tim Lyons
-The neurological levels of
team-working: Harmony and tensions
With a background in projects spanning more than 40 years, Tim Lyons specialised in the delivery of large, complex, multi-disciplinary programmes for clients including Crossrail, Network Rail, ExxonMobil, Siemens and in patent development. His first career was in broadcasting, where he designed and built commercial radio station studios in Manchester, Cardiff and Bristol, also working as a presenter and programme producer. Tim now writes and presents extensively on matters relating to the human and neurological aspects of projects, including communication, ethics and coaching. He holds a Masters degree in NLP, is an NLP Master Practitioner and International Coach. He is the Deputy Lead for APMs People Interest Network.
Session | The Neurological Levels of Team-working: Harmony and Tensions
Understanding how teams really work at conscious and unconscious levels is critical to a harmonious workplace. This session uncovers what those levels are, how to use them to detect and avoid tensions and how to smooth the management of change by checking you have considered all of them.
How to Modify Existing Web Pages in Odoo 18Celine George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to modify existing web pages in Odoo 18. Web pages in Odoo 18 can also gather user data through user-friendly forms, encourage interaction through engaging features.
Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdfAjaz Hussain
油
The intersection of AI and pharmaceutical formulation science highlights significant blind spotssystemic gaps in pharmaceutical development, regulatory oversight, quality assurance, and the ethical use of AIthat could jeopardize patient safety and undermine public trust. To move forward effectively, we must address these normalized blind spots, which may arise from outdated assumptions, errors, gaps in previous knowledge, and biases in language or regulatory inertia. This is essential to ensure that AI and formulation science are developed as tools for patient-centered and ethical healthcare.
TRANSFER OF PATIENTS IN HOSPITAL SETTING.pptxPoojaSen20
油
The ancient Kingdoms of West Africa - Ashanti
1. Ashanti
The Ashanti, or Asante, was a powerful West
African kingdom in the 1700s and 1800s. The
kingdom grew wealthy from the slave trade and
conquered many peoples.
Where?
The Ashanti territory is now part of the country
of Ghana, in the west of Africa.
Economy
The Ashanti Kingdom received much of its wealth from gold mining. They also
worked as farmers and fishermen, including trading with European countries. This
included products such as coca and kola nuts.
Politics and government
The Ashanti Kingdom was ruled by a King. However the King was not all-powerful
and local tribal leaders had control in their areas. Most Ashanti laws were based
around their religious beliefs.
Religious beliefs
Most people in the Ashanti Kingdom were part of the Akan religion. This consists of
various beliefs, including the idea of there being many gods, including one supreme
creator god (sometimes known as the great spider).
The Ashanti and slavery
The Ashanti had slaves well before the Atlantic Slave Trade began. They usually took
slaves from other kingdoms or tribes that they had been beaten in war. During the
Atlantic Slave Trade the Ashanti Kingdom was the biggest supplier of Africans to
Europeans. In return, the Europeans gave the Ashanti weapons.