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The Atom

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- Atoms are the building blocks of matter and the smallest individual parts that make up elements, consisting of subatomic particles like protons, electrons, and neutrons. - Theories of atomic structure have evolved over time from early Greek philosophers' ideas of basic elements to J.J. Thomson's discovery of electrons and Rutherford's discovery of the dense atomic nucleus at the center, surrounded by orbiting electrons. - Modern atomic theory incorporates concepts like Bohr's planetary model of electron orbits and specific energy levels within atoms.

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The Atom - Are the building blocks of matter that make up everything that we encounter every day. - The basic unit of matter - Are the smallest individual part of an element and it consists of subatomic particles such as protons, electrons and neutrons.
TIMELINE OF ATOMIC NATURE He proposed that all substances are composed of four elements such as air, earth, fire and water in different proportion. fire air water earth Aristotle 322 384 BC
Empedocles divided matter into four elements such as air, earth, fire and water. Approximately 450 BC
Democritus and Leucippus proposed that everything is composed of small bit of matter that is indivisible and call it atom (atomos indivisible) 500 BC
Lavoisier clarified the concept of an element as a simple substance that could not be broken down by any known method of chemical analysis, and he devised a theory of the formation of chemical compounds from elements. 1777
Coulomb explained that like fluids repel and unlike attract. This was important in the development of the theory of absolute measurement, and had a great impact on electrical potential. 1780
(The Solid Sphere Model) Billiard Ball Model - small solid sphere Developed notion of conservation of mass and that atoms combine in specific ratios Daltons Atomic Theory1803
The postulates of this theory are the ff; 1. All matter is composed of extremely small, indivisible, indestructible particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of each element are exactly alike but they differ from atoms of the other elements. The atoms of different elements have different mass and properties.
The postulates of this theory are the ff; 3. When atoms of different elements combine to form a compound, the constituent atoms are always present in the same fixed numerical ratio.
The postulates of this theory are the ff; 4. A chemical reaction involves a rearrangement of atoms. No atom is created or destroyed.
Sir William Crookes - constructed the forerunner of the modern television picture tube in the 1870s to investigate the properties of cathode rays. - Crookes tube a vacuum discharge tube 1870
Wilhelm Roentgen - discovered X-ray by observing the fluorescence they produced. 1896
J.J. Thomson Plum Pudding Model - positive and negative particles dispersed throughout the atom Used Cathode Ray tubes to discover the electron - first subatomic particle discovered! 1898
Cathode Ray Tube A tube that contains a stream of electrons going from a negative disk (cathode) to a positive disk. Deflected stream showed that electrons are negative.
Rutherford Nuclear Model of an atom Discovered dense positively charged nucleus of the atom while working with alpha particles Gold Foil Experiment
Neils Bohr - Planetary Model of an Atom Electrons travel in specific, circular orbits Neils Bohr and Arnold Sommerfeld - Arnold Sommerfeld improved Bohrs model and introduced the concept of elliptical orbit.

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The Atom

  • 1. The Atom - Are the building blocks of matter that make up everything that we encounter every day. - The basic unit of matter - Are the smallest individual part of an element and it consists of subatomic particles such as protons, electrons and neutrons.
  • 2. TIMELINE OF ATOMIC NATURE He proposed that all substances are composed of four elements such as air, earth, fire and water in different proportion. fire air water earth Aristotle 322 384 BC
  • 3. Empedocles divided matter into four elements such as air, earth, fire and water. Approximately 450 BC
  • 4. Democritus and Leucippus proposed that everything is composed of small bit of matter that is indivisible and call it atom (atomos indivisible) 500 BC
  • 5. Lavoisier clarified the concept of an element as a simple substance that could not be broken down by any known method of chemical analysis, and he devised a theory of the formation of chemical compounds from elements. 1777
  • 6. Coulomb explained that like fluids repel and unlike attract. This was important in the development of the theory of absolute measurement, and had a great impact on electrical potential. 1780
  • 7. (The Solid Sphere Model) Billiard Ball Model - small solid sphere Developed notion of conservation of mass and that atoms combine in specific ratios Daltons Atomic Theory1803
  • 8. The postulates of this theory are the ff; 1. All matter is composed of extremely small, indivisible, indestructible particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of each element are exactly alike but they differ from atoms of the other elements. The atoms of different elements have different mass and properties.
  • 9. The postulates of this theory are the ff; 3. When atoms of different elements combine to form a compound, the constituent atoms are always present in the same fixed numerical ratio.
  • 10. The postulates of this theory are the ff; 4. A chemical reaction involves a rearrangement of atoms. No atom is created or destroyed.
  • 11. Sir William Crookes - constructed the forerunner of the modern television picture tube in the 1870s to investigate the properties of cathode rays. - Crookes tube a vacuum discharge tube 1870
  • 12. Wilhelm Roentgen - discovered X-ray by observing the fluorescence they produced. 1896
  • 13. J.J. Thomson Plum Pudding Model - positive and negative particles dispersed throughout the atom Used Cathode Ray tubes to discover the electron - first subatomic particle discovered! 1898
  • 14. Cathode Ray Tube A tube that contains a stream of electrons going from a negative disk (cathode) to a positive disk. Deflected stream showed that electrons are negative.
  • 15. Rutherford Nuclear Model of an atom Discovered dense positively charged nucleus of the atom while working with alpha particles Gold Foil Experiment
  • 16. Neils Bohr - Planetary Model of an Atom Electrons travel in specific, circular orbits Neils Bohr and Arnold Sommerfeld - Arnold Sommerfeld improved Bohrs model and introduced the concept of elliptical orbit.