The crusades final
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The Crusades were a series of military expeditions launched by Western European Christians in the late 11th century to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslim rule. The Crusades were prompted by increased attacks on Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem and fears that the Byzantine Empire would fall to Muslim Turkish forces. The First Crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem in 1099, but subsequent Crusades failed to maintain control of the city, and Jerusalem ultimately fell back to Muslim rule in 1187. While the Crusades failed in their goal of permanently retaking the Holy Land, they increased trade and cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East.
The crusades final
- 2. Saeed esmailian Roshanak mohammadi
- 3. The Crusades Historys Most Successful FAILURE
- 4. Background During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church had risen in power After the fall of Rome, the Eastern portion of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire
- 5. Many were uncertain where life would lead them and many tragic events lead people to have a higher believe in GOD (Rise of Christianity)
- 7. Background- Causes Jerusalem was a holy land for the Christians and each year many come to visit (pilgrimages) The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) controlled that land and the amount of visitors grew too much that they began not allowing visitors It was also believed that the increase in Muslim power would threaten the Byzantine Capital of Constantinople
- 8. Causes of the Crusades Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire Muslims stopped Christians from Visiting Holy Land Christian pilgrims were attacked Byzantine Empire feared attack on Constantinople
- 9. Jerusalem
- 11. Pope Urban II and his call 1093- Byzantine Emperor Alexius wanted help to save Constantinople from Turks asks Church 1095- Pope Urban II issues a call for a holy war or Crusade to capture the Holy land (Palestine) back from Muslims Pope assured that those that die in Crusade will have a place in Heaven
- 12. GOAL: Crusades recapture the holy land from Muslims
- 13. Who Answered the Call? Feudal Lords Knights Peasants
- 14. Map of Crusades
- 16. 1st Crusade- 1096 Crusaders capture Jerusalem 1187- Jerusalem falls back to Muslim rule
- 18. Crusade # 2 Fails to recapture city
- 19. Third Crusade Led by Richard the Lionhearted- King of England Despite war, eventually they came to a truce with Saladin, leader of Muslims Christians (unarmed) would be allowed in city
- 20. The Crusades = 7-8 total The next 4 were unsuccessful in recapturing city. But there were other crusades.
- 21. Childrens Crusade - 1212 20,000 30,000 children went out Most died of disease, starvation and others were sold to slavery
- 22. Spanish Crusade- The Inquisition 1400 kick Muslims/ non Christians out of Spain Reconquisita- Re conquering of Spain Inquisition court used to suppress heresy (anyone different from teachings of Church) Like a witch hunt against those not Christians
- 25. Why did the Crusades fail? After the 1st attempt, each attempt was weaker with less emphasis on winning People soon became about making money and getting goods Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic
- 26. Results of the Crusades I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade I = Improvements Ships, Maps, Explorers F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military. T = Turks still rule the Holy Land T = Travel Europeans want to travel more T = Trade Europeans want product from the East such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc.
- 27. Effects of Crusades Showed power of Church Increased trading between East and West --> will lead to massive Cultural Diffusion Lead to the Commercial Revolution Muslim bitterness and hatred toward Christians Constantinople (Istanbul) eventually falls to Turks
- 28. Effect of Crusades Increased trading helped business flourish Merchants increased
- 29. Banking is fixed Fixing the coinage problem: -Merchants developed notes of credit
- 30. Thanks!!! Any question? For more informations and sildes ypu can email to jades144@yahoo.com
- 31. Refrences: Constable, Giles. "The Historiography of the Crusades" in Angeliki E. Laiou, ed. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (2001) Extract online. Illston, James Michael. 'An Entirely Masculine Activity'? Women and War in the High and Late Middle Ages Reconsidered (MA thesis, University of Canterbury, 2009) full text online Madden, Thomas F. ed. The Crusades: The Essential Readings (2002) Maier, C.T. "The roles of women in the crusade movement: a survey" Journal of medieval history 2004. Powell, James M. "The Crusades in Recent Research," The Catholic Historical Review (2009) 95#2 pp 313-19 in Project MUSE Rubenstein, Jay. "In Search of a New Crusade: A Review