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The dangerous effects of ecstasy

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Ecstasy, also known as MDMA, is a synthetic psychoactive drug that alters mood and perception. It was first patented in 1913 but later banned in 1985 due to its negative health effects. While it produces feelings of euphoria and intimacy, it can also cause physical issues like increased heart rate and psychological problems such as depression and anxiety. Long-term use has been linked to brain damage and other serious health problems. Ecstasy remains illegal but is still used recreationally, especially at clubs and music events.

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THE DANGEROUS EFFECTS OF ECSTASY By: Josie Casillas 10/ 10/2010 PSY 370
WHAT IS ECSTASY? Ecstasy is the street name for MDMA. MDMA = 3, 4 Methylene-dioxy-N-methyl-amphetamine The 3,4 indicates the way in which the components of the molecule are joined together, as it is possible to produce an isomer which has all the same components but is joined differently. (Bellis, 2010) Although it is derived from organic material, MDMA itself does not occur in nature, and must be created in a complex laboratory process. (Bellis, 2010)
WHAT IS ECSTASY (CONTINUED) It is a mood/mind altering drug and like Prozac works by effecting the chemical level of Serotonin in our brains, a 'neurotransmitter' that is naturally present in the brain which can alter our emotions. Chemically the drug is amphetamine like, but psychologically it's what's known as an empathogen- entactogen, empathogenic means the ability to communicate things to others or the ability to feel empathy towards others and entactogenic means feeling well or good with yourself and the world. (Bellis, 2010)
WHAT DOES ECSTASY LOOK LIKE? Usually Ecstasy comes in little easy to swallow tablets. They vary in shape, size & color and usually have some sort of logo printed on them. (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2006)
POPULAR STREET NAMES FOR ECSTASY/ MDMA X or E Adam or Stacy Empathy Roll Bean XTC Lovers Speed
HISTORY OF ECSTASY MDMA [aka. Ecstasy] was patented in 1913 (patent #274.350) by the German chemical company Merck supposedly to be sold as a diet pill (the patent does not mention any intended use), the company decided against marketing the drug and had nothing more to do with it Urban legend has it that the US army was testing MDMA in 1953 as a possible truth serum, but there is no real evidence supporting this. (Narconon, 2010).
PROFESSOR X Alexander Shulgin [aka Professor X] is responsible for brining MDMA back for modern research; who after graduating from the University of California at Berkeley with a Ph.D. in biochemistry landed a job as a research chemist with Dow Chemicals. MDMA is but one of 179 psychoactive drugs which he described in detail, but it is the one which he felt came closest to fulfilling his ambition of finding the perfect therapeutic drug (Bellis, 2010)
HISTORY AND THE DEA In 1985, after receiving massive media attention, a group of people sued the DEA (US Drug Enforcement Agency) to try to prevent them from outlawing the drug by placing it on Schedule 1. (Bellis, 2010). However, later on that same year, congress passed a law to allow the DEA to put an emergency ban on the drug because of its dangers. Some scientists argued that the drug caused brain damage and therefore should not be used.
FDA ISSUES Unfortunately in 1993, Trial research into the effects of MDMA on human volunteers resumed with the approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The first psychoactive drug approved for human testing by the FDA. (Bellis, 2010) Since 1993, not much has changed While the drug is still illegal on the streets, the FDA still does regular testing of MDMA in different regions under a schedule 1 license.
WHO USES? Ecstasy is popular among middle-class adolescents and young adults who use the drug for recreation. It is also recognized as a popular dance drug. It is sold by drug dealers at: Bars Underground Nightclubs Raves' (all night parties)
WHY DO PEOPLE USE ECSTASY? Drug Effects last between 4-6 hours. Makes people feel: Happy Relaxed Empathetic Loved Energetic
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS Confusion Depression Anxiety Sleeplessness Craving for the drug Paranoia Confident Hallucinations Insomnia
DANGEROUS PHYSICAL EFFECTS Muscle Tension Involuntary Teeth Clenching Nausea Rapid Eye Movement Sweating or Chills Tremors Blurred Vision Increases body temperature Increases blood pressure Increases Heart Rate People who have circulatory problems or heart disease face particular risks because MDMA can increase heart rate and blood pressure. (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2006)
LONG TERM EFFECTS Brain Damage Impairment of the serotonin system and memory performance Depression Heart failure Kidney failure Hyperthermia Dehydration Hypertension (The Good Drugs Guide, 2010)
REFERENCE: Bellis, M. (2010). The Invention of MDMA or Ecstasy. Retrieved on October 14, 2010 from http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa980311.htm Narconon. (2010). History of Ecstasy (MDMA). Retrieved on October 7, 2010 from http://www.narconon.org/drug-information/ecstasy-history.html National Drug Intelligence Center. (2006). MDMA (Ecstasy) Fast Facts. Retrieved on October 14, 2010 from http://www.justice.gov/ndic/pubs3/3494/index.htm#look%20like The Good Drugs Guide (2010). Ecstasy Effects. Retrieved on October 15, 2010 from http://www.thegooddrugsguide.com/ecstasy/effects.htm

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The dangerous effects of ecstasy

  • 1. THE DANGEROUS EFFECTS OF ECSTASY By: Josie Casillas 10/ 10/2010 PSY 370
  • 2. WHAT IS ECSTASY? Ecstasy is the street name for MDMA. MDMA = 3, 4 Methylene-dioxy-N-methyl-amphetamine The 3,4 indicates the way in which the components of the molecule are joined together, as it is possible to produce an isomer which has all the same components but is joined differently. (Bellis, 2010) Although it is derived from organic material, MDMA itself does not occur in nature, and must be created in a complex laboratory process. (Bellis, 2010)
  • 3. WHAT IS ECSTASY (CONTINUED) It is a mood/mind altering drug and like Prozac works by effecting the chemical level of Serotonin in our brains, a 'neurotransmitter' that is naturally present in the brain which can alter our emotions. Chemically the drug is amphetamine like, but psychologically it's what's known as an empathogen- entactogen, empathogenic means the ability to communicate things to others or the ability to feel empathy towards others and entactogenic means feeling well or good with yourself and the world. (Bellis, 2010)
  • 4. WHAT DOES ECSTASY LOOK LIKE? Usually Ecstasy comes in little easy to swallow tablets. They vary in shape, size & color and usually have some sort of logo printed on them. (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2006)
  • 5. POPULAR STREET NAMES FOR ECSTASY/ MDMA X or E Adam or Stacy Empathy Roll Bean XTC Lovers Speed
  • 6. HISTORY OF ECSTASY MDMA [aka. Ecstasy] was patented in 1913 (patent #274.350) by the German chemical company Merck supposedly to be sold as a diet pill (the patent does not mention any intended use), the company decided against marketing the drug and had nothing more to do with it Urban legend has it that the US army was testing MDMA in 1953 as a possible truth serum, but there is no real evidence supporting this. (Narconon, 2010).
  • 7. PROFESSOR X Alexander Shulgin [aka Professor X] is responsible for brining MDMA back for modern research; who after graduating from the University of California at Berkeley with a Ph.D. in biochemistry landed a job as a research chemist with Dow Chemicals. MDMA is but one of 179 psychoactive drugs which he described in detail, but it is the one which he felt came closest to fulfilling his ambition of finding the perfect therapeutic drug (Bellis, 2010)
  • 8. HISTORY AND THE DEA In 1985, after receiving massive media attention, a group of people sued the DEA (US Drug Enforcement Agency) to try to prevent them from outlawing the drug by placing it on Schedule 1. (Bellis, 2010). However, later on that same year, congress passed a law to allow the DEA to put an emergency ban on the drug because of its dangers. Some scientists argued that the drug caused brain damage and therefore should not be used.
  • 9. FDA ISSUES Unfortunately in 1993, Trial research into the effects of MDMA on human volunteers resumed with the approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The first psychoactive drug approved for human testing by the FDA. (Bellis, 2010) Since 1993, not much has changed While the drug is still illegal on the streets, the FDA still does regular testing of MDMA in different regions under a schedule 1 license.
  • 10. WHO USES? Ecstasy is popular among middle-class adolescents and young adults who use the drug for recreation. It is also recognized as a popular dance drug. It is sold by drug dealers at: Bars Underground Nightclubs Raves' (all night parties)
  • 11. WHY DO PEOPLE USE ECSTASY? Drug Effects last between 4-6 hours. Makes people feel: Happy Relaxed Empathetic Loved Energetic
  • 12. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS Confusion Depression Anxiety Sleeplessness Craving for the drug Paranoia Confident Hallucinations Insomnia
  • 13. DANGEROUS PHYSICAL EFFECTS Muscle Tension Involuntary Teeth Clenching Nausea Rapid Eye Movement Sweating or Chills Tremors Blurred Vision Increases body temperature Increases blood pressure Increases Heart Rate People who have circulatory problems or heart disease face particular risks because MDMA can increase heart rate and blood pressure. (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2006)
  • 14. LONG TERM EFFECTS Brain Damage Impairment of the serotonin system and memory performance Depression Heart failure Kidney failure Hyperthermia Dehydration Hypertension (The Good Drugs Guide, 2010)
  • 15. REFERENCE: Bellis, M. (2010). The Invention of MDMA or Ecstasy. Retrieved on October 14, 2010 from http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa980311.htm Narconon. (2010). History of Ecstasy (MDMA). Retrieved on October 7, 2010 from http://www.narconon.org/drug-information/ecstasy-history.html National Drug Intelligence Center. (2006). MDMA (Ecstasy) Fast Facts. Retrieved on October 14, 2010 from http://www.justice.gov/ndic/pubs3/3494/index.htm#look%20like The Good Drugs Guide (2010). Ecstasy Effects. Retrieved on October 15, 2010 from http://www.thegooddrugsguide.com/ecstasy/effects.htm