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The Digestive System and Body Metabolism
The Digestive System and Body Metabolism Digestion Breakdown of ingested food Absorption of nutrients into the blood Metabolism Production of cellular energy (ATP) Constructive and degradative cellular activities
Organs of the Digestive System Two main groups Alimentary canal  continuous coiled hollow tube Accessory digestive organs
Organs of the Digestive System Figure 14.1
Organs of the Alimentary Canal Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Anus
Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy Lips (labia)  protect  the anterior opening Cheeks  form the  lateral walls Hard palate  forms  the anterior roof Soft palate  forms  the posterior roof Uvula  fleshy  projection of the  soft palate Figure 14.2a
Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy Vestibule  space between lips externally and teeth and gums internally Oral cavity  area contained by the teeth Tongue  attached at hyoid and styloid processes of the skull, and by the lingual frenulum Figure 14.2a
Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy Tonsils Palatine tonsils Lingual tonsil Figure 14.2a
Processes of the Mouth Mastication (chewing) of food Mixing masticated food with saliva Initiation of swallowing by the tongue Allowing for the sense of taste
Pharynx Anatomy Nasopharynx   not part of the digestive system Oropharynx  posterior to oral cavity Laryngopharynx  below the oropharynx and connected to  the esophagus Figure 14.2a
Pharynx Function Serves as a passageway for air and food Food is propelled to the esophagus by two muscle layers Longitudinal inner layer Circular outer layer Food movement is by alternating contractions of the muscle layers (peristalsis)
Esophagus Runs from pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm Conducts food by peristalsis  (slow rhythmic squeezing) Passageway for food only (respiratory system branches off after the pharynx)
Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs Mucosa Innermost layer Moist membrane Surface epithelium Small amount of connective tissue  (lamina propria) Small smooth muscle layer
Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs Submucosa Just beneath the mucosa Soft connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and lymphatics
Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs Muscularis externa  smooth muscle Inner circular layer Outer longitudinal layer Serosa Outermost layer  visceral peritoneum Layer of serous fluid-producing cells
Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs Figure 14.3
Alimentary Canal Nerve Plexuses All are part of the autonomic nervous system Three separate networks of nerve fibers Submucosal nerve plexus Myenteric nerve plexus Subserous plexus
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The Digestive System Pt. 1

  • 1. The Digestive System and Body Metabolism
  • 2. The Digestive System and Body Metabolism Digestion Breakdown of ingested food Absorption of nutrients into the blood Metabolism Production of cellular energy (ATP) Constructive and degradative cellular activities
  • 3. Organs of the Digestive System Two main groups Alimentary canal continuous coiled hollow tube Accessory digestive organs
  • 4. Organs of the Digestive System Figure 14.1
  • 5. Organs of the Alimentary Canal Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Anus
  • 6. Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy Lips (labia) protect the anterior opening Cheeks form the lateral walls Hard palate forms the anterior roof Soft palate forms the posterior roof Uvula fleshy projection of the soft palate Figure 14.2a
  • 7. Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy Vestibule space between lips externally and teeth and gums internally Oral cavity area contained by the teeth Tongue attached at hyoid and styloid processes of the skull, and by the lingual frenulum Figure 14.2a
  • 8. Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy Tonsils Palatine tonsils Lingual tonsil Figure 14.2a
  • 9. Processes of the Mouth Mastication (chewing) of food Mixing masticated food with saliva Initiation of swallowing by the tongue Allowing for the sense of taste
  • 10. Pharynx Anatomy Nasopharynx not part of the digestive system Oropharynx posterior to oral cavity Laryngopharynx below the oropharynx and connected to the esophagus Figure 14.2a
  • 11. Pharynx Function Serves as a passageway for air and food Food is propelled to the esophagus by two muscle layers Longitudinal inner layer Circular outer layer Food movement is by alternating contractions of the muscle layers (peristalsis)
  • 12. Esophagus Runs from pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm Conducts food by peristalsis (slow rhythmic squeezing) Passageway for food only (respiratory system branches off after the pharynx)
  • 13. Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs Mucosa Innermost layer Moist membrane Surface epithelium Small amount of connective tissue (lamina propria) Small smooth muscle layer
  • 14. Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs Submucosa Just beneath the mucosa Soft connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and lymphatics
  • 15. Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs Muscularis externa smooth muscle Inner circular layer Outer longitudinal layer Serosa Outermost layer visceral peritoneum Layer of serous fluid-producing cells
  • 16. Layers of Alimentary Canal Organs Figure 14.3
  • 17. Alimentary Canal Nerve Plexuses All are part of the autonomic nervous system Three separate networks of nerve fibers Submucosal nerve plexus Myenteric nerve plexus Subserous plexus