際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

The Endocrine, Nervous and Reproductive System.pptx

Download as PPTX, PDF
R
RosalieSabunodTeves1

The document summarizes key concepts about the endocrine, nervous, and reproductive systems. It describes homeostasis and feedback mechanisms, including negative and positive feedback loops. It provides details about important endocrine glands like the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas. It explains the functions of major hormones produced by these glands, such as insulin, glucagon, cortisol, estrogen, and others, and how they help regulate processes like metabolism, stress response, and reproduction.

1 of 25
Download to read offline
The Endocrine, Nervous and Reproductive System
Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms Homeostasis the balance state of internal conditions despite changes in external environment different body systems complement one another to create internal balance- homeostatic regulation
Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms Endocrine Glands secrete hormones that help regulate the activities of cells Stimulus- any external or internal change in the environment External Stimulus- arises from outside the body Internal Stimulus- originates within the body Feedback mechanism/ feedback regulation- self- adjusting mechanism
2 Types of Feedback Mechanism 1. Negative feedback loop - response reduces the stimulus until conditions return to a homeostatic state.
The Endocrine, Nervous and Reproductive System.pptx
2 Types of Feedback Mechanism 2. Positive feedback loop - occurs when a response amplifies a stimulus, which in turn elicits further response.
The Endocrine, Nervous and Reproductive System.pptx
Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms Neuroendocrine System- endocrine + nervous system Hypothalamus- contains neurosecretory cells, sends hormones.
Target cells Blood facilitates the circulation of hormones. Hormones are recognized by their target cells via membrane receptors Molecular shape of the hormone should physically fit the target cells receptor so that the hormone receptor complex can initiate the response.
The Endocrine System
The Endocrine System chemical messengers (hormones) 2 types of glands Endocrine glands - Release their hormones directly into the bloodstream Exocrine glands - Release their secretion through ducts
The Endocrine, Nervous and Reproductive System.pptx
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus Produce hormones and controls various glands close to the hypothalamus and is connected to the blood vessels and nerves Master Gland Composed of the anterior and posterior lobe Posterior lobe extension of the hypothalamus antidiuretic hormone (ADH) & Oxytocin
The Endocrine, Nervous and Reproductive System.pptx
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) decreases the amount of urine exerted by the kidneys Oxytocin promote milk letdown
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus Anterior lobe Secretes rolactin, gonadotropic hormones, thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormones.
Thyroid Gland located at the base of the neck thyroxine is converted into triiodothyronine, the active form of thyroid hormone Calcitonin- lowers calcium levels Hypothyroidism- underactive thyroid gland, decreases metabolic rate - radioactive iodine treatment
The Endocrine, Nervous and Reproductive System.pptx
Thyroid Gland Cretinism- physical and mental retardation Goiter- abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland Levothyroxine- a thyroid hormone
Parathyroid Gland at the back of the thyroid gland Parathormones regulate calcium in the blood and oppose the action of calcitonin Enhance calcium absorption Calcium ( muscle contraction, blood clotting and others)
Adrenal Gland above the kidney inner part (adrenal medulla) outer part (adrenal cortex)
Adrenal Medulla epinephrine ( adrenaline) and norepinephrine (norepinephrine) helps the body to respond to emergencies. Adrenaline emergency hormones
Adrenal Cortex glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sex hormones First two, prolonged stress and mobilizing energy reserves. Cortisol- helps body respond to stress. Aldosterone- regulates salt and water in the body.
Pancreas located between the spleen and small intestine. produces digestive enzymes and hormones Islets of Langerhans- produce pancreatic amylase secrete insulin, glucagon and somatostatin Insulin- lowers blood sugar level Glucagon rises blood sugar level Somatostatin- inhibits secretion of other hormones
The Endocrine, Nervous and Reproductive System.pptx

More Related Content

The Endocrine, Nervous and Reproductive System.pptx

  • 2. Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms Homeostasis the balance state of internal conditions despite changes in external environment different body systems complement one another to create internal balance- homeostatic regulation
  • 3. Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms Endocrine Glands secrete hormones that help regulate the activities of cells Stimulus- any external or internal change in the environment External Stimulus- arises from outside the body Internal Stimulus- originates within the body Feedback mechanism/ feedback regulation- self- adjusting mechanism
  • 4. 2 Types of Feedback Mechanism 1. Negative feedback loop - response reduces the stimulus until conditions return to a homeostatic state.
  • 6. 2 Types of Feedback Mechanism 2. Positive feedback loop - occurs when a response amplifies a stimulus, which in turn elicits further response.
  • 8. Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms Neuroendocrine System- endocrine + nervous system Hypothalamus- contains neurosecretory cells, sends hormones.
  • 9. Target cells Blood facilitates the circulation of hormones. Hormones are recognized by their target cells via membrane receptors Molecular shape of the hormone should physically fit the target cells receptor so that the hormone receptor complex can initiate the response.
  • 11. The Endocrine System chemical messengers (hormones) 2 types of glands Endocrine glands - Release their hormones directly into the bloodstream Exocrine glands - Release their secretion through ducts
  • 13. Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus Produce hormones and controls various glands close to the hypothalamus and is connected to the blood vessels and nerves Master Gland Composed of the anterior and posterior lobe Posterior lobe extension of the hypothalamus antidiuretic hormone (ADH) & Oxytocin
  • 15. Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) decreases the amount of urine exerted by the kidneys Oxytocin promote milk letdown
  • 16. Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus Anterior lobe Secretes rolactin, gonadotropic hormones, thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormones.
  • 17. Thyroid Gland located at the base of the neck thyroxine is converted into triiodothyronine, the active form of thyroid hormone Calcitonin- lowers calcium levels Hypothyroidism- underactive thyroid gland, decreases metabolic rate - radioactive iodine treatment
  • 19. Thyroid Gland Cretinism- physical and mental retardation Goiter- abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland Levothyroxine- a thyroid hormone
  • 20. Parathyroid Gland at the back of the thyroid gland Parathormones regulate calcium in the blood and oppose the action of calcitonin Enhance calcium absorption Calcium ( muscle contraction, blood clotting and others)
  • 21. Adrenal Gland above the kidney inner part (adrenal medulla) outer part (adrenal cortex)
  • 22. Adrenal Medulla epinephrine ( adrenaline) and norepinephrine (norepinephrine) helps the body to respond to emergencies. Adrenaline emergency hormones
  • 23. Adrenal Cortex glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sex hormones First two, prolonged stress and mobilizing energy reserves. Cortisol- helps body respond to stress. Aldosterone- regulates salt and water in the body.
  • 24. Pancreas located between the spleen and small intestine. produces digestive enzymes and hormones Islets of Langerhans- produce pancreatic amylase secrete insulin, glucagon and somatostatin Insulin- lowers blood sugar level Glucagon rises blood sugar level Somatostatin- inhibits secretion of other hormones