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The Eukaryotic cell

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Marvin Basco
Marvin Basco

The document summarizes the key structures and their functions in eukaryotic cells. It describes how eukaryotic cell structures can be grouped into those that provide covering and protection like the plasma membrane. Others are involved in manufacturing and distributing proteins like the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Additional structures store and breakdown substances such as lysosomes and vacuoles. Mitochondria and plastids aid in energy processing.

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MOTIVATION
THE EUKARYOTIC CELL All eukaryotic cells have similar structures in one way or another. Eukaryotes contain various structure that perform specific activities inside the cell.
THE EUKARYOTIC CELL Structures of eukaryotic cells can be grouped according to their functions: Covering and protection Manufacturing and distribution of proteins Storage and breakdown of substance Energy processing Structural support, movement and cell-to-cell communication
COVERING AND PROTECTION Plasma Membrane It forms a flexible boundary between the cells content and its surrounding environment. Its main function is to control the passage of materials in and out of the cell.
MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEINS Nucleus (from the Latin word nuculeus which means kernel) is the most noticeable organelle in the cell. - contains most of the DNA. - the genetic material, when the cell is not dividing, is stored as Chromatin(a complex molecule form by DNA and protein). - DNA molecules consist of short sequence called Genes.
MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEINS Ribosomes are the proteins factories "of the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum (from the Greek word endo which means within, plasma which means molded, and reticulum which means net) Two types of ER: 1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER) does not contain ribosome 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER) contain Ribosome
MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEINS Golgi Apparatus was named after Camillo Golgi who discovered its presence in 1898 - it composed of smooth flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. - sorts and ships, packaging station of the cell
STORAGE AND BREAKDOWN OF SUBSTANCE Lysosomes known as suicide bags Functions: 1. Breaking down the contents of a food vacuole. 2. Breaking down a worn out cell organelle. 3. Destroying cells as part of the normal development of an organism. 4. Destroying engulfed foreign materials.
STORAGE AND BREAKDOWN OF SUBSTANCEVacuoles commonly used for storing substance. Kinds of vacuoles: 1. Food vacuole 2. Central vacuole large vacuole found in plant cells; acts as a vital storage for numerous substance. 3. Contractile vacuole specialized vacuole used for expelling water accumulated inside the cell. 4. Glyoxysome found in some seeds; used for breaking down stored fats, which provides energy for developing plant embryo.
ENERGY PROCESSING Mitochondria are also called the energy power house of the cell. - they supply energy to the cell by undergoing cellular respiration. - contains DNA and ribosomes Plastids: Chloroplasts - contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
IDENTIFYING THE PARTS
The Eukaryotic cell
ACTIVITY
The Eukaryotic cell

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The Eukaryotic cell

  • 2. THE EUKARYOTIC CELL All eukaryotic cells have similar structures in one way or another. Eukaryotes contain various structure that perform specific activities inside the cell.
  • 3. THE EUKARYOTIC CELL Structures of eukaryotic cells can be grouped according to their functions: Covering and protection Manufacturing and distribution of proteins Storage and breakdown of substance Energy processing Structural support, movement and cell-to-cell communication
  • 4. COVERING AND PROTECTION Plasma Membrane It forms a flexible boundary between the cells content and its surrounding environment. Its main function is to control the passage of materials in and out of the cell.
  • 5. MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEINS Nucleus (from the Latin word nuculeus which means kernel) is the most noticeable organelle in the cell. - contains most of the DNA. - the genetic material, when the cell is not dividing, is stored as Chromatin(a complex molecule form by DNA and protein). - DNA molecules consist of short sequence called Genes.
  • 6. MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEINS Ribosomes are the proteins factories "of the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum (from the Greek word endo which means within, plasma which means molded, and reticulum which means net) Two types of ER: 1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER) does not contain ribosome 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER) contain Ribosome
  • 7. MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEINS Golgi Apparatus was named after Camillo Golgi who discovered its presence in 1898 - it composed of smooth flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. - sorts and ships, packaging station of the cell
  • 8. STORAGE AND BREAKDOWN OF SUBSTANCE Lysosomes known as suicide bags Functions: 1. Breaking down the contents of a food vacuole. 2. Breaking down a worn out cell organelle. 3. Destroying cells as part of the normal development of an organism. 4. Destroying engulfed foreign materials.
  • 9. STORAGE AND BREAKDOWN OF SUBSTANCEVacuoles commonly used for storing substance. Kinds of vacuoles: 1. Food vacuole 2. Central vacuole large vacuole found in plant cells; acts as a vital storage for numerous substance. 3. Contractile vacuole specialized vacuole used for expelling water accumulated inside the cell. 4. Glyoxysome found in some seeds; used for breaking down stored fats, which provides energy for developing plant embryo.
  • 10. ENERGY PROCESSING Mitochondria are also called the energy power house of the cell. - they supply energy to the cell by undergoing cellular respiration. - contains DNA and ribosomes Plastids: Chloroplasts - contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.