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TheForestGovernanceQuestion
AfterTenYearsofFRAImplementation
GeetanjoySahu
TataInstituteofSocialSciences(TISS)
Mumbai
ForestGovernanceQuestion
Whoisinandout?
Who,howandatwhatlevelparticipates?
1.Ownership,Access,UseandDistributionofResource
2.Conservation,ProtectionandRegeneration
TwoPhases
Pre足ForestRightsAct2006
Post足ForestRightsAct2006
GovernanceFramework
Largelyifnotexclusivelydrivenbythreeprinciples:
*Exclusion
*Extraction
*Centralisation
FactorsTriggered足EvolutionofFRA
JudicialExcessivism(TNGodavarmanOrder足1996)
TribalRightsMovements
PoliticalCulture
FRA2006
*Addresseshistoricalinjustice
*RecognitionofRightsandNotCreation
*IFRandCFR
*TribalandOTFDs
*13thDecember2005
*MimimumPotentialAreas:40millionhactares,
173000villages,150million(Source足MoTA)
*AfterTenYears:3%ofpotentialareahasbeen
recognised
PerformanceSoFar足January2017(MoTA)
Sl.
No
Activity Status
1 Number of Claims received/ filed 44,71,788 claims (40,35,513
individual and 1,36,275
community claims)
2 Number of titles distributed/
ready
17,83,262 titles (17,20,742
individual and 62,520
community claims) have been
distributed
3 Total number of claims disposed of 36,22,628 (86.84%)
4 Extent of forest land for
which titles distributed (in
acres)
40, 67, 535 (IFR Areas) and
95,45,386 (CFR Areas). Total
= 136,12, 921.16 Acres
Howthestateshaveperformed
Categories States
1 Laggard states
No or extremely poor performance
Assam, Bihar, Goa,
Himachal Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Uttarakhand,
Haryana, Punjab, Sikkim
2 Low performing states
Achieved less than 2% of minimum
potential
Rajasthan, West Bengal,
Karnataka, Jharkhand
3 States with only IFR Implementation Tripura, Uttar Pradesh
4 States which have ignored CFRs but
implemented CRs and IFRs
Telangana, Andhra
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh
5 States with both IFR and CFR
implementation
Maharashtra, Odisha,
Kerala, Gujarat
ShiftinForestGovernance
Noexclusionfromforestareaswithoutconsentand
settlementofrights
NoextractionofresourcewithoutGSconsent
DecentralisedForestGovernanceSystem
(Owneship,Access,UseandDisposalRights)
ImplementationChallenges
Institutional&PolicyChallenges
OperationalBottlenecks
KeyObservations
ForestGovernancedebate足TwoOppositePositions
ConventionalAnswer
足Notrade足off,Highlycentralised
Alternative/RadicalAnswer
足GSasasacrosanctinstitution
足Emphasisonlocalinterests
NeedtoThinkBeyondBinaryPositions
MultilayeredGovernanceStructure
足OperationalRole
足RegulatoryRole
足PolicyMakingRole
Focusneedstobebothonefficiencyandsustainability

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