The document summarizes key events and factions during the French Revolution. It describes Maximilian de Robspierre as a prominent radical revolutionary who was a member of the Jacobins and wished to found a new Republic of Virtue. It outlines divisions between the more moderate Girondins faction and radical Jacobins, and how the Revolution shifted from legalism to state terrorism under the Committee of Public Safety. It also discusses the Revolutionary Wars that began in 1792 when France declared war on Austria and other nations joined against France in response. The September Massacres of 1792 are noted where Jacobins led the killing of over 1,200 prisoners through mob courts.
2. Maximilian de Robspier
was a prominent radical revolutionary
was a Jacobins member on the left
wished to found a brand new Republic of Virtue
was influenced by Rousseau and other ideas from the Enlightenment
3. A Revolution Divided
GIRONDINS
A Southern France-based moderate organisation
Did not want to grant working class people political rights
Jacobins
Adopt drastic reform
Called for the approval of harsh measures to bring about change
4. From legalism to state terrorism
PRIOR TO 1792
The Revolution advocated for an end to social privilege
The Revolution was obedient towards the Law
AFTER 1792
Legalism collapsed
State terrorism by the Committee of Public safety took its place
Those who disregarded the policies of the Revolution were either forced into submission or executed
5. Enemies of the State
Privacy = secrecy and anti-revolutionary activities
Those expressing private interests =
Working against general will of the republic
Those working against the state = enemies of the republic
6. Revolutionary Wars
Absolutist officials were more anxious about the Revolution influence
across Europe
Both leaders from the Austrian emperor and the Prussian King
threatened the retribution if the royal family of France was to be
threatened
By 1792 Marie Antoinette took over the Austrian throne
France declared war on Australia as a result of the Austrian ultimatum
7. Revolutionary Wars
Britain, Holland and Spain joined the war against France
France responded by introducing Nationalisation
France was then considered expansionist
These ware lasted up until the demise of Napoleon in the Battle of
Waterloo
8. The September Massacres
September 1792 marked the massacre of 1,200 prisoners that was led by Jacobins
Mob courts to punish the prisoners by means of death