The document outlines The Fundamental 5, which are five critical practices for effective instruction: 1) framing the lesson, 2) working in the power zone, 3) frequent small group purposeful talk, 4) recognizing and reinforcing, and 5) writing critically. It describes each practice in 1-2 paragraphs, emphasizing their positive impact on student achievement and engagement. Specifically, lesson framing helps planning, being in the power zone increases on-task behavior and achievement, small group talk boosts rigor and learning, recognition and reinforcement motivate students, and critical writing cements lessons through organizing and analyzing.