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The Future of the US-Japanese Security AgreementsBy Ellen Henderson

History of US-Japanese Relations1854The Convention of KanagawaThe first treaty between both countries signed between the Japanese Empire and Commodore Matthew Perry, who represented the U.S. The treaty enhanced U.S.-Japanese trade relations. 1937Second Sino-Japanese WarThe second war between China and Japan begins and then transitions from limited conflict to a full-on war that would eventually blend into World War II. 1941Pearl Harbor AttackedIn a surprise strike, Japan attacks the America naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, officially bringing the U.S. into World War II.

History of US-Japanese Relations1945Japanese SurrenderThe U.S. drops atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima leading to the surrender of the Japanese Empire and the occupation of Japan by the Allies. 1951The San Francisco TreatySigned by the allied powers and Japan the Treaty of San Francisco provided compensation to civilians and prisoners of war and granted Japan its post-war independence from the Allies. 1960Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and SecuritySigned in January of 1960, the treaty brought closer military and economic cooperation between both countries.

History of US-Japanese Relations1978US-Japan Guidelines for Defense CooperationAuthorized Japan to expand its military participation from operations confined to the home islands to operations designed to ensure the peace and stability of the Far East1995National Defense Program Outline (NDPO)Called for an expansion of Japan’s defense capabilities beyond national defense requirements and address military situations in areas surrounding JapanResulted in Japan providing military assistance to the US in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)2005US-Japan Alliance: Transformation and Realignment for the FutureStrengthened mutual cooperation in areas such as policy coordination, intelligence sharing, peacekeeping operations, and mutual exchanges of military technology

Japan-US Security TreatyJapanGained independenceGained access to the US marketGained security from a powerful nationIncrease in crime and accidents with US troopsDragged into an unwanted war with China, North Korea and the Soviet UnionUSProject Power in the Western PacificHave troops and bases in JapanStrategic location for defending South Korea and TaiwanStrategic location for containing the Soviet Union and Communist China

Past“Peace State” identityUS occupation (1945-1952) imposed reforms that aimed to democratize and demilitarize JapanJapan’s leadership focused on mitigating the impact of the “threat based” international environment“International State” identityPrime ministers since 1970 began incorporating internationalismPrime Minister Nakasone Yasuhiro (1982-1987) and his “grand design”US Presidents“Nixon shocks”: imposing 10% tax on imports, causing Yen to surge in value, reapproachment with ChinaClinton’s visit to Beijing in 1998 and calling China a “strategic partner”

CurrentLDP to DPJIn 2009, the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP) was defeated by the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) after 54 years in powerDPJ wants more equal footed relations with the USUnited Nations Security CouncilObama supports Japan’s bid to become a UN Security Council permanent memberOkinawaMarine Futenma Air Base in Okinawa causing some severing in US-Japan relations

Current- Cont.South Korea, North Korea and ChinaJapan’s relations with South Korea are mending, but slowly due to their historical pastSouth Korea is an ally of the United StatesGood relations between the South Korea and Japan are important for the US Japan has sent SDF personnel to train with the US/ South Korean naval forces against North Korean aggressionNorth Korea poses a threat to both Japan and the United StatesCommon enemy and Japan needs security from North KoreaJapan is starting to realize the importance of having good relations with China for security issues, but relations are still strainedJapan and China relations would decrease Japan’s reliance on the USThe Island of Ishigaki has placed pressure on their relations as incidents take place on disputed territories

Future- Proposal 1Strengthening of the security agreements between US and JapanWith the threat of North Korea and China there will be a common enemy and a need for stronger national securityTrade: stronger security agreement will result in an increase of trade between each countryStrengthening of other multinational security frameworks like ASEAN Regional Forum

Future- Proposal 2Amendments to the security agreements that decrease the US’ roleThe DPJ wanting to put Japan and US on more equal footing“Alliance without bases”Both Japan and the US know the importance of their relationship for political and economical reasonsReducing the US’ role in Japan would not cause one nation to go against the otherWould allow Japan to be more independent and able to defend itselfRevamping of Article 9Allow for the buildup of Japan’s military strength and presence in AsiaIf United States is in need of more troops from its allies, Japan can deploy its troops for backupJapan would be able to better its relations with other countries without the need for approval of or from the United States

Future- Proposal 3Put an end to the security allianceWould take US forces out of Japan Allow for Japan to defend itself and be in charge of its own security issuesThe US would not need to provide full protection for Japan which would allocate the US’ resources to more pressing issuesChina does not like the US’ presence in Japan or Japan’s willingness to support the security treaty"If the American presence in Asia were removed, the security of Asia would be imperiled, with consequences for Asia and America alike. Our ability to affect the course of events would be constrained, our markets and our interests would be jeopardized. To benefit from the growth and prosperity of the Asia-Pacific region, the United States must remain fully engaged economically, diplomatically, and militarily." (East Asian Security Report)

What Do I Recommend?Strengthening of the security agreements between US and JapanChina and North KoreaBenefits in TradePossibility for a Free Trade AgreementPossibility of re-continuation of naval support for Afghanistan

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The future of the us japanese security agreements

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