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The Green Revolution
Introduction
The development of modern crop varieties for developing countries began in a concerted fashion in the late 1950s. Food prices rose after World War 2
due to rapidly increasing population and the reduced availability of land in many countries. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations coordinated wheat and rice breeding schemes. They key break–through was the development of short, fertilizer–responsive rice and wheat
varieties. These varieties were resistant to disease and insects and were used as model plant types for breeders to adapt to local conditions. The first
users of the wheat and rice varieties were in India, Malaysia and Pakistan in 1965 (Evenson, 2003). They produced spectacular increases in yield...show
more content...
However in South Asia, the poorest areas that relied on rain–fed agriculture were also negatively affected by the Green Revolution, suffering widening
interregional disparities and an incidence of poverty that still remains high. According to Pingali (2012) the new technologies bypassed the poor for a
number of reasons such as inequitable land distribution with insecure ownership and tenancy rights; poorly developed input, credit, and output markets
and policies that discriminated against smallholders, such as subsidies for mechanization or crop and scale bias in research and extension.
Environmental Effects
The availability of cereal varieties with multiple resistance to diseases and insects reduced the need for application of agrochemicals thereby enhancing
environmental quality in farming communities. However intensive agriculture during the Green Revolution brought significant land and water
problems relating to soil degradation over exploitation of ground water and soil pollution due to the uses of high doses of pesticides and fertilizers.
According to Singh (2000) about 60% of the geographical area in India faces soil degradation which threatens food security for the future.
The Future
In the 1990s, the rate of growth in food–grain production has been lower than the rate of growth in population (Khush, 1999). If this trend is not
reversed, serious food shortages will occur
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Pros And Cons Of The Green Revolution
The Green Revolution was caused by a rapid increase in the world population that the agriculture industry was not able to support, causing an
escalating problem with the world's food supply. This problem could be solved by the methods of the Green Revolution, which would utilize new
technology in order to improve farming. However, although these procedures helped correct the food production, they also had many negative benefits
for the people farming the land and the land itself. For the latter half of the twentieth century, the US and USSR competed to push the influence
towards as many countries as possible globally. This rivalry created high tensions in many areas of the world as the two powers tried to take control.
Either country would even try to buy their way into winning a country over through providing them with gifts of money or arms. In relation to the
Green Revolution, these gifts could be the technology to improve their agriculture or raw foods themselves. By providing weaker countries with these
favors, the US or USSR would expect something in return, which would be the allegiance of these countries. Conversely however, the fear of
exhausting the limited amount of food was an emotion that united citizens around the globe. This fear would motivate them to overlook their
differences and disputes in order to try and create a plan that would benefit the greatest number of people through improving agricultural processes. By
working together, the global issue of an

The Revolt Against the Revolution
Throughout the world, the effects of the Green Revolution can be seen in the dramatic increases in crop production of multiple developing countries.
This has in turn, allowed these developing nations to be able to feed their populations, but at a cost. As discussed in lectures the Green Revolution has
its benefits, but also has its cons that many have expressed concern about. Some of these concerns are why opponents reject the Green Revolution as
they state it is more harmful than any benefits it brings. In the US News article "The Toxic Consequences of the Green Revolution", a group of these
rejectors are shown to be farmers from the small Indian state of Punjab who state that the usage of Green Revolution...show more content...
The controversies that arose with the Green Revolution pesticide and fertilizer techniques of the 2008 article are rising again in this 2016 article, only
the perpetrator has changed from the chemical usages of the Green Revolution to the side effects of GM seeds in India. The GM seeds that are
covered in the 2016 article are cotton seeds that have been modified to reduce the need of pesticides and increase yield such that India is expected
to become the largest producer of cotton surpassing China. These GM seeds seemingly fixed the overuse of chemical that was required in 2008 as
the article from then said they might, but that was only a temporary fix. These seeds still contain the same financial and debt problems that came
with the Green Revolution. Even more worrisome is the fact that the pesticide usage reduction that the cotton GM seeds began to be less effective.
Pest became resistant to the pesticide strand of cotton to such an extend that pesticide use have increased to almost twice of what it was in 2008
when the 2008 article stated the worries of the Punjab farmers. These worries still exist as with increase use of these pesticide chemicals, so will there
be an increase in the health worries of 2008, such that they may be even

Causes And Effects Of The Green Revolution
When people discuss the Green Revolution they are talking about the quick adoption of new technologies and the introduction of new scientifically
bred crop varieties. The Green Revolution took place due to inadequate amounts of food, depleted land, and economic poverty. Many changes
occurred as a result, some being positive and some being negative. A positive effect of the Green Revolution was an increased amount of food being
available for the population. However, the reduced availability of nutritious crops, water shortages, and increased tensions and conflicts deterred some
gains of the movement. Because of this, the Green Revolution was more harmful than helpful. There were many major issues around the world that
brought around the start of the Green Revolution. One major cause was the inadequate amount of food in relation to the population. In Doc. 1, a graph
is provided that compares the wheat yielded in Mexico and India from 1950–2010. From 1950–1970, the graph shows that Mexico's crops yielded low
amounts of wheat. For India, the graph shows that the crops yielded low amounts of wheat from 1965–1985 which was after the Green Revolution
began. The purpose of this graph was to provide the statistics on wheat yielded and how it changed over the decades. The intended audience of this
graph was the scientists who wanted to see the progression before and after the revolution. This graph is significant to the topic because it shows that
the low amount of wheat yielded

A Brief Look at the Green Revolution
Seeking a prosperous farming lifestyle takes effort and ambition to achieve. Plowing farmland and planting seeds by hand are examples of what
farmers cope with on the fields. These tasks are time consuming, labor intensive and not rewarding. To make matters worse, harvesting crops rarely
gives farmers anything in return, which makes their work frustrating. Farmers who sacrifice their labor to a non–rewarding job is a serious issue in
agriculture. Fortunate enough, an American scientist named "Norman Borlaug" found a solution to the problem by developing a movement termed the
"Green Revolution" (Briney, 2008). Starting in the 1960s, this movement encouraged nations around the world to use "high yielding seeds and
chemical infused fertilizers" to increase their productivity on farms, thus leading to a more rewarding lifestyle (Curran, 2013). Together, these materials
made up the American way of farming, and the results made significant changes to agriculture. Farmers who adopted the American farming methods of
the Green Revolution experienced immediate results from their farmlands. For example, during the 1960s, farmers from India participated in the
Green Revolution by abandoning their traditional farming methods in exchange for American farming methods (Zwerdling, 2009). No longer were
Indian farmers using "cow dung" as compost and growing usual crops such as "beans and vegetables" (Zwerdling, 2009). Instead, they used artificial
fertilizers and high yielding seeds, such

The Pros And Cons Of The Green Revolution
Introduction: The Green Revolution was a research and development initiative aimed to increase the number of crop yields from the years between
1930–1960 and the subsequent years following them which resulted in the adaptation of various technologies leading to the invention of high–yielding
varieties of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and new irrigation methods. It has facilitated socio–economic changes which have helped in preventing natural
calamities due to the ever–increasing world population and has provided people with an option of self–sustaining and reduced poverty. The Green
Revolution was a joint venture between the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation while Dr. Norman Borlaug, the father of the Green
Revolution has been...show more content...
These credit institutions mortgaged lands to farmers which in turn proved beneficial for these institutions as they could acquire these farms if the
farmer was unable to the pay the loan (Ponting, 2007). One of the major advantages of the Green Revolution was that it increased the use of
machinery on the farmlands (Bruce Koppel, 1987). Conclusion: Thus, it can be clearly said that the Green Revolution replaced, "one way of life with
another within a short span of two decades." due to its massive agricultural developments (Parayil, 1992). It was a major achievement when it was
implemented in the developing countries as it gave them a sense of food security after the end of the World War
–2. It got many people out of poverty
and hunger and while this was focussed on, it also dropped down the prices for food, increased migration, generated employment and the increased
economy as well. Agriculture research still needs new research to tackle the upcoming problems related to increasing yields to feed the ever–growing
population and growth of food for the developing countries. Add to that, globalization and trade will make food prices less liable to local food
produce and agriculture will not be as important for people

The Green Revolution During The 1960's
During the 1960s, there was a "sharp increase" in crop production which came to be known as the Green Revolution. This increase in crop yields was
due to the advancements in plant breeding and the use of modern agricultural techniques. The Green Revolution intended to increase the food supply in
order to reduce the risk of famine (intended outcome 1), and with the surplus they were able to export the excess (intended outcome 2). However, there
were also some unintended outcomes. Two of these were salinization, and the artificial fertilizers that were used harmed the

In the Industrial Revolution big core countries developed quickly due to their wide use of coal and them implementing its uses to improve their
everyday life. Due to the use of coal factories could produce more and more finished products which brought down the overall price of goods which
made things more affordable to everyone. The Green Revolution brought many advancements towards societies in developing countries for many
reasons. The new science advancements being made in agriculture along with investment from other countries and private companies led to the
economic growth of the country. Overall, these advancements lead to the Green Revolution being a big success in developing countries. Although,
many people will argue that the Green Revolution wasn't a success in the developing countries and negatively affected the economic status and
environmental safety of the country. Many people say that the green revolution only benefited the rich people, who are in charge, by getting them
richer and the poor laborers only getting poorer. They also bring up that the run–off from the pesticides used to artificially make the crops went into the
rivers and polluted the clean drinking water for the lower–class people leading to many new diseases spreading. However, science advancements in the
field of agriculture and the overall economic growth of the whole country helped the Green Revolution be a success. The world was struggling with a
need for a mass production of food to

Causes Of The Green Revolution
The Green Revolution occurred around the 1940s, this was right after WWII had ended so many countries were not doing so well economically and
this affected their agricultural abilities. During this time new technologies, to speed up the process of growing food, were introduced. Things such as
fertilizers, pesticides, and modern irrigation systems were implementing into farming around the world. The Green Revolution was caused by the lack
of enough food to support the growing global population , particularly in less developed countries, and the threat that this posed on the surrounding
more prosperous countries. It yielded results, helping to feed many starving people in the world, but consequently it appeared to ruin some farmlands.
Natural farming in years to come and negatively affected certain groups of people.
The green revolution was caused, for the most part, by the lack of a substantial food supply for the world population. As Dr. Norman Borlaug said, there
were billions of people in the world who were constantly plagued with hunger. They did not have the proper conditions or nutrient rich soil that are
necessary for growing enough crops to sustain themselves. Dr. Borlaug was involved in the research for the Green Revolution, he predicted that unless
the methods of the Green Revolution were "fully implemented", then the results would not suffice, and the starving population would remain hungry.
(Doc 2). President Truman expressed similar sentiments about the world

Negative Effects Of The Green Revolution
The Green Revolution, which spanned across the mid 20th century from about the 1930s to the 1960s, encompassed a time when mass production,
agricultural advances and the speed at which livestock were raised drove the production of food to a level which had never been seen before
(Simmons). During these three or four decades, the production of food skyrocketed for multiple reasons such as advancements in how livestock was
raised, pesticides, fertilizers and artificial selection (Simmons). Although there were some negative effects of the Green Revolution, such as the loss
of polycultural production or a decreased quality of food, there were far more positive effects upon the world and its people, such as an increased
availability of food, the decline of world hunger, an eventual increase in world population and general world stability (Simmons). The Green
Revolution was brought upon by a combination of advances, one of these being the application of mass production and fordism to the production of
crops. Before crops were produced on a large scale, most crops production were polycultural, or on a small scale, but with diverse types of food
(Simmons). After the Green Revolution, crops were produced monoculturally, meaning only stable foods were produced, but on a far larger scale with
the same type of plant spanning across large areas of land (Simmons). Although monocultural production seems as if it can always produce more food,
there are some risks involved. For instance, if

The Green Revolution Essay
Broad Topic: The Green Revolution
Narrowed Topic: Pesticides and the Green Revolution: The impact on the environment and counter– measures. The green revolution technology
phenomenon started in Mexico over sixty years ago. The technology which is still relevant today has, forever changed the way agriculture is conducted
worldwide. According to Wilson (2005), green revolution technology "involved using high–yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds, pesticides and fertilizers
in addition to irrigation" (para. 4). The technology was used mainly to boost the production of wheat and rice, so that developing countries could keep
up with the growing demand of their rising population. The process has led to significant increase in...show more content...
One of the most worrying concerns for farmers associated with green revolution farming is probably the health risk, associated with prolonged
exposure to pesticides. Wilson (2005) cited Wilson and Tisdell (2001), calls our readers' attention to the fact that "insecticides are the most
frequently used pesticides and are known to be toxic to humans, wildlife and the environment" (para.6). Toxic residue adds up over the years and can
lead to long term and short term, chronic illnesses and life long complications and is even known to cause death. Furthermore, farmers who get ill
from exposure to pesticides often suffer from, headaches, skin rashes, nausea, twitching of muscles, chest pains and a host of other illnesses. This has
led to various stakeholders amplifying the need, for a new approach to pesticides usage. Shaebecoff (1983) highlighted the challenges of enforcing
safety regulations in regards to the use and banning of pesticides, while Tillman (1998) called for the need of high–intensity agriculture with fewer
environmental costs. However, established pesticide regulatory levels for intentional and unintentional presence of pesticides, are often not enforce, and
where there are enforcement, fines for breaches are usually negligible. Regulations or not, it is imperative that farmers take some ownership of their
own health, and employ every precautionary

Positive Effects Of The Green Revolution
The term Green Revolution was first used in 1968 when people realized that a revolution in agriculture was taking place. In this revolution many
technology transfer initiatives were created which led to a drastic increase of production worldwide as well as innovative ideas that created large
supplies of food very quickly. Incorporating technological ideas such as mechanization, which led to the massive increase of production of food at
the expense of creating larger but fewer farms, is what really gave headway to the mass production of food. With the creation of so much food
there needed to be advancements in the way we grew our food such as synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and GMOs. With these technological changes
in the way food was farmed and produced many people were able to benefit from the outcomes of the Green Revolution. The food was able to be
made and sold so cheaply that the revolution, to some degree, helped alleviate world hunger by providing people with food that diversified their diet.
However, with these changes in agriculture came changes in the socio economy. Many small farms went into debt and lost their land while the
wealthier farms were able to grow the amount of land they had, thereby giving rise to new ways of farming, like monoculture farming. Overall, the
Green Revolution changed the world in both positive and negative ways. By using new and old technologies to create a system where food could be
made cheaply and at large quantities, we see many

The Green Revolution had many causes and consequences from 1945 to the present. One cause of the Green Revolution would be the growth of
mechanization and population. Another cause would be poor land conditions and the high rate of famine. Consequences of the Green Revolution
would be competition, reduced genetic diversity, water shortages, and changes in lifestyle. The growth of industrialization and of the population were
one cause of the Green Revolution. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005, wheat yields in Mexico
increased about 3,500 yields per hectare of wheat, and about 2,400 yields in India, from the year 1950 to 2010. During these years, mechanization
continued and made it easier to...show more content...
They competed especially with Punjab, and left it filled with discontent and violence. Around 1879, a newsletter published that the Green Revolution
created limited women's wage–earning opportunities through mechanization, thus causing competition for women. (Doc. 5, Doc. 7, Doc.8) Dr.
Vandana Shiva stated that the Green Revolution had lead to reduced genetic diversity. The Guatemalan National Coordinating Committee of
Indigenous Peasants said that the diversity of the native seeds was the heritage of the indigenous people at the service of all humanity, but the
revolution sterilized and contaminated the seeds. They were upset to see the loss of their seeds. (Doc. 8, Doc. 10) Dr. Vandana Shiva also stated that
the Green Revolution also caused water shortages. There was times of severe drought and the revolution only caused conflicts over diminishing water
sources. Intensive irrigation led to large–scale storage systems, centralizing control over water supplies and leading to local and interstate water
conflicts. (Doc. 10) One of the social consequences of the Green Revolution was changes in lifestyle. The Human Development Report, issued by the
government of the State of Punjab, India in 2004, states that one important social consequence of the Green Revolution was the disappearance of caste
rigidities and the emergence of the middle and rich peasants as the dominant peasantry in the state. The traditional "extended family" was gradually
replaced with

Pros And Cons Of The Green Revolution
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Home Environment 14 Foremost Pros and Cons of the Green Revolution
14 Foremost Pros and Cons of the Green Revolution
Environment
Most farmers, these days, practice modern farming methods under Green Revolution, which is a movement pushed by the government as an alternative
solution to traditional agriculture. Its main goal is to make planting and harvesting more effective and efficient, as well as to eliminate hunger all over
the world. It originated from manufacturers in the US when they discovered that it is possible to create a fertilizer from petroleum that can be used on
crops–the so–called petrochemical fertilizer.
Under Green Revolution, machinery processes are being used in farming. This modern method is seen as labor intensive, where farmers make use of
tractors, instead of oxen and horses, to plow and cultivate their lands, making the process faster and easier. It is a combination of controlling chemicals
in the soil, weeds and pests, mechanization of agriculture, and genetic adaptation of plants to suit daily needs.
However, this method has become a subject of some debates on whether it really does good, rather than bad, for all of us. So, let us take a look at some
of the pros and cons of Green Revolution to have a clear overview of the matter.
List of Pros of Green Revolution
1. Agricultural Operations of a Massive Scale.
Green Revolution has brought agriculture to a massive

Green Revolution Pros And Cons
World population has been increased significantly, while Earth resources are limited and food sources are in danger. In this regard scholars
predicted that world's population would be reached around 10 billion by 2050 and certainly food requirement would be increased more than 70%
(Dyson, 2016).These statistical data imply that food sources are increased arithmetically, while population are enhanced geometrically, whereas there
should be a balance between population and food supply (Brownell, 2008).To overcome food shortage, some attempts have been done around half
century ago which led to green revolution. This paper, aims to have a look on this phenomenon, introduce it and assess pros and cons of it. In this
essay, initially, we have a quick look on nature and evolution of green revolution. Secondly, pros and cons of this phenomenon would be discussed and
then more holistic solutions for improving this process would be introduced as a real green revolution. Finally, whole materials would be concluded.
Worth to mention that one advantage...show more content...
In this regard, studies show that famine has been reduced 20% in this period (Brownell, 2008), food supply raised 12–13% between 1960 and 1990,
whereas without the new technologies food production were decreased around 20% and price was increased 35–65%. The other research in Asia
shows that with 1% increase in production, the numbers of poor people decrease by 0.48% (Pingali, 2012). Furthermore, green revolution has had a
great influence on labor's life and provided opportunities for them to improve their life. In fact, this revolution has affected labors in some terms such
as employment and wage. As I noted above, green revolution has increased productivity, so bulk density of generated plants enhance the need for extra
labors for fertilizing, transplantation and weeding (Das,

Ap World History Green Revolution
The Green Revolution had a positive, negative, or possibly both consequences on the way human beings have evolutionized through out the years. Each
of these documents specifically proves that whether good or bad the different societies have been able to incorporate a little from what the Green
Revolution has left them into their daily lives. The Green Revolution on one–side has ignited the revolution for new ideas and traditions. On the other
side the Green Revolution has become a form of destructing the true and only roots for most farmers. Documents 2, 3, 5, and 6 all show that the
Green Revolution caused a form of prosperity. Document 2 proves that as the Green Revolution increased the population as well as food supply from
1950 to...show more content...
Document 10 proves that other civilizations such as the Mayans and the indigenous people were negatively affected by the Green Revolution; as a
cause of the Green Revolution the consequence was that their seeds got contaminated meaning that a little big part from where they were from
were lost and so as firm they stood they were not able to defend them. The Guatemalan National Committee of Indigenous people point of view
expressed in this document is of interest because it is a voice of very frustration and doubt and so would like the way the lower social classes are
treated to improve. Document 7 and 9 are both examples of the perspectives in which the Green Revolution made both a positive effect and a
negative effect. In the positive perspective of Document 7 the Green Revolution as a cause was a major impact on the technology and so as a
consequence it brought multiple social benefits. The negative perspective of the Document 7 is that women were forced to work and so also take on
responsibilities that men usually do. The source of this document posse a unique point of view because it shows the way women's role has increased
little by little. The positive perspective of Document 9 is that the Green Revolution caused aspirations and as a consequence changed the way life was
lived. The negative perspective of Document 9 is that the green Revolution caused peasants to

Causes Of The Green Revolution
In the twentieth century improvements in crop yield and quality were achieved through the breeding of plants which produced modern and efficient
agriculture strategies. Yields have increased throughout the last century and continues to increase each and every year. The Green Revolution sounds
like a great idea because it can solve world food problems. Wheat has been the main crop behind the Green Revolution. Crops are threatened by
thousands of diseases that make global food supply vulnerable. Some of which are infectious and non–infectious and caused by factors like mineral
deficiency or pollutants. Another problem to come with the Green Revolution is that growing plants is not necessarily "green". They require a lot of
energy to make the product which causes environmental damage. When you increase food supply in growing nations it can lead to human
overpopulation. When this occurs more people get hungry and when there is not enough food supply people can starve. Question 2: Monoculture is
growing the same crop year after year in a large region. Monoculture became popular in the United States because of mechanization, improvement of
crop varieties, and chemicals used to fertilize crops. With a sophisticated machinery a farmer could farm more land and create bigger farms. This not
only allowed farmers to save money but advanced machinery allowed them to grow a single crop more efficiently and hasty. A huge risk with
monoculture is that because they are all genetically

Patagonia: Leading a Green Revolution Essay
Case Study Four
Patagonia: Leading a Green Revolution
1) Patagonia has a history of putting sustainability ahead of profits. Based on what you learned about Patagonia's ideals, how do you think the company
determines what possible ventures will be both business practical and environmentally friendly?
Patagonia determines how its possible ventures will be both business practical and environmentally friendly by turning their company into a eco friendly
environment. It clearly states this in their mission statement. " Build the best product, cause no unnecessary harm, use business to inspire and
implement solutions to the environmental crisis" Their main focus is going "green" to help the environment but also using business as a...show more
content...
He has had the company set an online library in which documents are posted. An example being " the footprint chronicles," a guideline in which
employees are shown how to make rational decisions. Even after Yvon is gone employees should continue to do this so that when someone new is
hired they understand exactly what the company is about and how to handle different situations they may encounter in this business. Yvon is also very
big on giving back to the environment. The company will donate 10 percent of pre– tax profits to environmental causes. This is something the
company should keep doing down the road to keep their mission statement alive about being environmentally friendly. By adapting to Yvon Chouinard
's ideals, they will become a permanent part of Patagiona.
3) Identify the stakeholders using figure 4.10.
The four main Stakeholder that stood out to me for Patagonia is employees, customers, communities and owners. Patagonia focus on giving back to
its employees by allowing them to leave work in order to do what they love, helping the environment. The company allows its employees to leave
work to volunteer for causes they believe in and these employees will still receive full pay. The company believes that customers deserve the best
quality that they can get. No matter how expensive the material may be, Patagonia always comes through by

Green Revolution
[pic]
The world's worst recorded food disaster occurred in 1943 in British–ruled India. Known as the Bengal Famine, an estimated 4 million people died of
hunger that year in eastern India (which included today's Bangladesh). Initially, this catastrophe was attributed to an acute shortfall in food production
in the area. However, Indian economist Amartya Sen (recipient of the Nobel Prize for Economics, 1998) has established that while food shortage was
a contributor to the problem, a more potent factor was the result of hysteria related to World War II, which made food supply a low priority for the
British rulers.
When the British left India in 1947, India continued to be haunted by memories of the Bengal...show more content...
By the 1990s, almost 75% of the area under rice cultivation in Aisa was growing these new varieties. The same was true for almost half of the wheat
planted in Africa and more than half of that in Latin America and Asia, and more than 50% of the world's corn as well. Overall, a very large
percentage of farmers in the developing world were using Green Revolution seeds, with the greatest use found in Asia, followed by Latin America.
NEW
WHAT IS IT?
в™¦
"The Green Revolution is the development and introduction of high–yielding varieties (HYVs) of rice and wheat into many
LEDCs."– GCSE Geography
Revision Guide.
в™¦
It aimed for three thins, which
HISTORY
The Green Revolution originally began in India.
Back in 1943, in eastern India where
Britain was still ruling, the world's worst record of food disaster occurred– the

Bengal Famine, where approximately 4 million people starved to death. As this was during the World War 2, food shortage in India was the least of the
Britain's problems.
So, when they left in 1947, India's main priority was food production as they were still suffering from the pain that the Bengal Famine caused and this
is how the Green Revolution began. It spread from 1969 to 1978, which
WHERE DID IT AFFECT GLOBALLY?
в™¦
In Punjab and Haryana in northern India, yields of rice and wheat tripled
в™¦
Crop

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The Green Revolution

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