This document lists the names of 12 rulers of the Inca Empire from Manco Capac in 1200-1230 to Atahualpa from 1532-1533. It also provides a bibliography of 9 online sources about the Inca Empire and its rulers.
The Inca civilization originated in Peru in the 13th century and grew into a large empire under the rule of Pachacuti in the 15th century. The Incas built an extensive network of roads and aqueducts, developed advanced agricultural techniques, and created impressive stone architecture. However, the smallpox virus and the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro weakened and defeated the Inca in the 1530s. Pizarro captured and executed the Inca emperor Atahualpa, claiming control of the former Inca territory for Spain.
The Aztec civilization flourished in Mexico from around 1250-1522 AD. They built their capital, Tenochtitlan, on an island in Lake Texcoco and developed an advanced agricultural system using chinampas, or floating gardens. The Aztecs had a hierarchical social structure led by an emperor and ruled through conquest and tribute from neighboring tribes. They practiced human sacrifice on a large scale, sacrificing thousands each year to appease the sun god Huitzilopochtli. In 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived seeking gold and converts to Christianity. Cortes took the Aztec emperor Montezuma II hostage and most of the Aztec population later died from warfare
Inca Civilization PPT made on our 3rd year History class. There are videos in the PPT and they will just automatically play (download file for best viewing)
The document discusses several topics related to life in the Middle Ages:
- The Crusades lasted from 1000-1500 AD as Christians and Muslims fought over control of Palestine. Some Jews were caught in the conflict.
- Life in cities during the late Middle Ages was difficult, with garbage and lack of sanitation, but cities were safer than rural areas. Guilds formed to organize craftspeople and universities began around 1100 AD.
- The Black Death plague arrived in 1347 and killed around 55,000 people before ending in 1351.
- The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, conquered much of Asia in the 1100s. Japan fought off a Mongol invasion with the believed help of divine winds,
Genghis Khan and his descendants Ogedi Khan, Gujak Khan, Mongke Khan, and Kublai Khan led the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1368, with Kublai Khan going on to start the Yuan Dynasty in China after the Mongols conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe under the leadership of these great khans.
The document describes several microorganisms:
1) Amoebas move using pseudopods and feed by engulfing other organisms. They reproduce through binary fission.
2) Euglenas move with flagella, can photosynthesize or feed on other organisms, and reproduce through binary fission.
3) Paramecia move using cilia and feed on bacteria, reproducing through binary fission. They expel excess water through their oral groove.
4) Stentors, Spirostomums, Volvox, Hydras and vinegar eels are also described in terms of their movement, feeding, and reproduction.
Marco Polo was born in 1254 in Venice, Italy. When he was young, his father and uncle, both merchants, went on a trading journey to China where they met Kublai Khan. Years later, Marco Polo joined his father and uncle on a return trip to China, staying in the country for over 20 years in the court of Kublai Khan before returning to Venice.
Marco Polo was born in Venice in 1254 and traveled to China with his merchant father Niccolo Polo and uncle between 1271-1275, where he met Kublai Khan and explored the Mongol Empire for 17 years before returning to Venice in 1295. He died in Venice on January 8, 1324 at age 69, after having married and had three daughters. Marco Polo is most famous for the account of his travels, experiences, and observations in China that he documented in his book "The Travels of Marco Polo", which helped introduce Europeans to China and the Far East.
Martin's document discusses the life of Marco Polo from his birth in Venice in 1254 until his death in 1324. It notes key events like his mother dying when he was 13, his father returning from a 14-year trip when Marco was 17, and Marco leaving with his father to travel to China when he was 17 and trained as a merchant. The document also summarizes Marco Polo's travels to China, his imprisonment after returning to Venice in 1298, and how he wrote his famous book "Travels of Marco Polo" while in jail.
Martin Krkoska was born in Venice in 1254. His mother died when he was 13 years old in 1263. In 1271 at age 17, he left with his father Niccolo Polo on a 14-year long trip to China to become a merchant. While imprisoned in 1298, Marco Polo wrote about his travels, producing his famous book "The Travels of Marco Polo". He died in 1324 at age 70.
Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant and explorer born in 1254 who traveled extensively throughout Asia. In 1271 at age 17, he joined his father and uncle on a journey to China. He spent 17 years in China serving the emperor, before returning to Italy in 1295 with many stories of his travels. Marco Polo dictated an account of his travels, which helped Europeans learn more about Asia and its riches. He died in Venice in 1324 at age 70, having experienced both successes through his travels and education, as well as hardships like imprisonment.
Marco Polo was a 13th century Venetian merchant and explorer known for his travels to Asia. He spent 17 years traveling to China and served at the court of Kublai Khan. Upon returning to Italy, he was imprisoned and dictated an account of his journeys, which became known as The Travels of Marco Polo. Though some doubted his tales, his book provided Europeans with new information about the Far East and sparked further exploration.
Effective Product Variant Management in Odoo 18Celine George
油
In this slide well discuss on the effective product variant management in Odoo 18. Odoo concentrates on managing product variations and offers a distinct area for doing so. Product variants provide unique characteristics like size and color to single products, which can be managed at the product template level for all attributes and variants or at the variant level for individual variants.
Dr. Ansari Khurshid Ahmed- Factors affecting Validity of a Test.pptxKhurshid Ahmed Ansari
油
Validity is an important characteristic of a test. A test having low validity is of little use. Validity is the accuracy with which a test measures whatever it is supposed to measure. Validity can be low, moderate or high. There are many factors which affect the validity of a test. If these factors are controlled, then the validity of the test can be maintained to a high level. In the power point presentation, factors affecting validity are discussed with the help of concrete examples.
This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of strategic management principles, frameworks, and applications in business. It explores strategic planning, environmental analysis, corporate governance, business ethics, and sustainability. The course integrates Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to enhance global and ethical perspectives in decision-making.
How to create security group category in Odoo 17Celine George
油
This slide will represent the creation of security group category in odoo 17. Security groups are essential for managing user access and permissions across different modules. Creating a security group category helps to organize related user groups and streamline permission settings within a specific module or functionality.
One Click RFQ Cancellation in Odoo 18 - Odoo 際際滷sCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss the one click RFQ Cancellation in odoo 18. One-Click RFQ Cancellation in Odoo 18 is a feature that allows users to quickly and easily cancel Request for Quotations (RFQs) with a single click.
Comprehensive Guide to Antibiotics & Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.pptxSamruddhi Khonde
油
Comprehensive Guide to Antibiotics & Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, playing a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. Among them, Beta-Lactam antibiotics remain the most widely used class due to their effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This guide provides a detailed overview of their history, classification, chemical structures, mode of action, resistance mechanisms, SAR, and clinical applications.
What Youll Learn in This Presentation
History & Evolution of Antibiotics
Cell Wall Structure of Gram-Positive & Gram-Negative Bacteria
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Classification & Subtypes
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems & Monobactams
Mode of Action (MOA) & Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors & Resistance Mechanisms
Clinical Applications & Challenges.
Why You Should Check This Out?
Essential for pharmacy, medical & life sciences students.
Provides insights into antibiotic resistance & pharmaceutical trends.
Useful for healthcare professionals & researchers in drug discovery.
Swipe through & explore the world of antibiotics today!
Like, Share & Follow for more in-depth pharma insights!
The document describes several microorganisms:
1) Amoebas move using pseudopods and feed by engulfing other organisms. They reproduce through binary fission.
2) Euglenas move with flagella, can photosynthesize or feed on other organisms, and reproduce through binary fission.
3) Paramecia move using cilia and feed on bacteria, reproducing through binary fission. They expel excess water through their oral groove.
4) Stentors, Spirostomums, Volvox, Hydras and vinegar eels are also described in terms of their movement, feeding, and reproduction.
Marco Polo was born in 1254 in Venice, Italy. When he was young, his father and uncle, both merchants, went on a trading journey to China where they met Kublai Khan. Years later, Marco Polo joined his father and uncle on a return trip to China, staying in the country for over 20 years in the court of Kublai Khan before returning to Venice.
Marco Polo was born in Venice in 1254 and traveled to China with his merchant father Niccolo Polo and uncle between 1271-1275, where he met Kublai Khan and explored the Mongol Empire for 17 years before returning to Venice in 1295. He died in Venice on January 8, 1324 at age 69, after having married and had three daughters. Marco Polo is most famous for the account of his travels, experiences, and observations in China that he documented in his book "The Travels of Marco Polo", which helped introduce Europeans to China and the Far East.
Martin's document discusses the life of Marco Polo from his birth in Venice in 1254 until his death in 1324. It notes key events like his mother dying when he was 13, his father returning from a 14-year trip when Marco was 17, and Marco leaving with his father to travel to China when he was 17 and trained as a merchant. The document also summarizes Marco Polo's travels to China, his imprisonment after returning to Venice in 1298, and how he wrote his famous book "Travels of Marco Polo" while in jail.
Martin Krkoska was born in Venice in 1254. His mother died when he was 13 years old in 1263. In 1271 at age 17, he left with his father Niccolo Polo on a 14-year long trip to China to become a merchant. While imprisoned in 1298, Marco Polo wrote about his travels, producing his famous book "The Travels of Marco Polo". He died in 1324 at age 70.
Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant and explorer born in 1254 who traveled extensively throughout Asia. In 1271 at age 17, he joined his father and uncle on a journey to China. He spent 17 years in China serving the emperor, before returning to Italy in 1295 with many stories of his travels. Marco Polo dictated an account of his travels, which helped Europeans learn more about Asia and its riches. He died in Venice in 1324 at age 70, having experienced both successes through his travels and education, as well as hardships like imprisonment.
Marco Polo was a 13th century Venetian merchant and explorer known for his travels to Asia. He spent 17 years traveling to China and served at the court of Kublai Khan. Upon returning to Italy, he was imprisoned and dictated an account of his journeys, which became known as The Travels of Marco Polo. Though some doubted his tales, his book provided Europeans with new information about the Far East and sparked further exploration.
Effective Product Variant Management in Odoo 18Celine George
油
In this slide well discuss on the effective product variant management in Odoo 18. Odoo concentrates on managing product variations and offers a distinct area for doing so. Product variants provide unique characteristics like size and color to single products, which can be managed at the product template level for all attributes and variants or at the variant level for individual variants.
Dr. Ansari Khurshid Ahmed- Factors affecting Validity of a Test.pptxKhurshid Ahmed Ansari
油
Validity is an important characteristic of a test. A test having low validity is of little use. Validity is the accuracy with which a test measures whatever it is supposed to measure. Validity can be low, moderate or high. There are many factors which affect the validity of a test. If these factors are controlled, then the validity of the test can be maintained to a high level. In the power point presentation, factors affecting validity are discussed with the help of concrete examples.
This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of strategic management principles, frameworks, and applications in business. It explores strategic planning, environmental analysis, corporate governance, business ethics, and sustainability. The course integrates Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to enhance global and ethical perspectives in decision-making.
How to create security group category in Odoo 17Celine George
油
This slide will represent the creation of security group category in odoo 17. Security groups are essential for managing user access and permissions across different modules. Creating a security group category helps to organize related user groups and streamline permission settings within a specific module or functionality.
One Click RFQ Cancellation in Odoo 18 - Odoo 際際滷sCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss the one click RFQ Cancellation in odoo 18. One-Click RFQ Cancellation in Odoo 18 is a feature that allows users to quickly and easily cancel Request for Quotations (RFQs) with a single click.
Comprehensive Guide to Antibiotics & Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.pptxSamruddhi Khonde
油
Comprehensive Guide to Antibiotics & Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, playing a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. Among them, Beta-Lactam antibiotics remain the most widely used class due to their effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This guide provides a detailed overview of their history, classification, chemical structures, mode of action, resistance mechanisms, SAR, and clinical applications.
What Youll Learn in This Presentation
History & Evolution of Antibiotics
Cell Wall Structure of Gram-Positive & Gram-Negative Bacteria
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Classification & Subtypes
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems & Monobactams
Mode of Action (MOA) & Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors & Resistance Mechanisms
Clinical Applications & Challenges.
Why You Should Check This Out?
Essential for pharmacy, medical & life sciences students.
Provides insights into antibiotic resistance & pharmaceutical trends.
Useful for healthcare professionals & researchers in drug discovery.
Swipe through & explore the world of antibiotics today!
Like, Share & Follow for more in-depth pharma insights!
Research Publication & Ethics contains a chapter on Intellectual Honesty and Research Integrity.
Different case studies of intellectual dishonesty and integrity were discussed.
Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdfAjaz Hussain
油
The intersection of AI and pharmaceutical formulation science highlights significant blind spotssystemic gaps in pharmaceutical development, regulatory oversight, quality assurance, and the ethical use of AIthat could jeopardize patient safety and undermine public trust. To move forward effectively, we must address these normalized blind spots, which may arise from outdated assumptions, errors, gaps in previous knowledge, and biases in language or regulatory inertia. This is essential to ensure that AI and formulation science are developed as tools for patient-centered and ethical healthcare.
Mastering Soft Tissue Therapy & Sports Taping: Pathway to Sports Medicine Excellence
This presentation was delivered in Colombo, Sri Lanka, at the Institute of Sports Medicine to an audience of sports physiotherapists, exercise scientists, athletic trainers, and healthcare professionals. Led by Kusal Goonewardena (PhD Candidate - Muscle Fatigue, APA Titled Sports & Exercise Physiotherapist) and Gayath Jayasinghe (Sports Scientist), the session provided comprehensive training on soft tissue assessment, treatment techniques, and essential sports taping methods.
Key topics covered:
Soft Tissue Therapy The science behind muscle, fascia, and joint assessment for optimal treatment outcomes.
Sports Taping Techniques Practical applications for injury prevention and rehabilitation, including ankle, knee, shoulder, thoracic, and cervical spine taping.
Sports Trainer Level 1 Course by Sports Medicine Australia A gateway to professional development, career opportunities, and working in Australia.
This training mirrors the Elite Akademy Sports Medicine standards, ensuring evidence-based approaches to injury management and athlete care.
If you are a sports professional looking to enhance your clinical skills and open doors to global opportunities, this presentation is for you.
26. Bederski, Hans Jurgen, Mr. "The Inca Empire." Personal interview. 10 Jan. 2013
"Biography of Atahualpa, Last King of The Inca." About.com Latin American
History. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2013.
Bose, Debopriya. Buzzle.com. Buzzle.com, 11 Oct. 2012. Web. 25 Jan. 2013.
"Huascar." N.p., n.d. Web.
"The Inca Empire." N.p., n.d. Web.
"Inca Empire." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Jan. 2013. Web. 25 Jan.
2013.
"Incan Emperors." N.p., n.d. Web
"Incan Empire." N.p., n.d. Web
"Inventions & Achievements - The Inca Empire for Kids." Inventions &
Achievements - The Inca Empire for Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2013
"Manco Capac." N.p., n.d. Web.
"Sapa Inca." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Jan. 2013. Web. 25 Jan. 2013.
Editor's Notes
#3: 1438 was 800,000 km21527 was 2,000,000km2Covered Peru, Equador, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile, and Columbia
#4: Spread North to South along Andean Mountain rangeSpread West to East from the Atacama Desert to the Amazonian rain forestHas coastal border with South American Pacific
#5: Lake Titicaca important lakeUrubamba valley also called sacred valleyDaily life spent on altitude of 15,000 ft
#7: Rose out of Lake Titicaca carry staff. Where sunk in ground there capital city of great empire should be build. Capac considered to be sent down to earth with Mama Ocllo by the sun god. Showed men how to fight. Ocllo showed women how to weave and do house hold jobs.
#8: Atahualpa's brother. Had civil war with brother as father died before naming heir. Got killed by Atahualpa.
#9: Last Inca. Fought with brother Huascar over throne. Spanish captured him. Said would release him would release for 5 rooms of silver and 3 of gold. Atahualpa tricked them. Gave key to bare rooms. They murdered him before realized was trick.
#10: Many legends how Inca started. 1 Manco Capac rose out of Lake with staff. Where staff sank there he must build capital.
#11: Pachacutec expanded empire. Pachacutec collect info from spies on strength of region. Then send messanger with valuable gifts to region asking to join empire. Everyone had home, food, and job. Empire spread from Colombia to Argentina
#12: Pizzaro invaded Inca empire with troop. Spaniards brought diseases with them for what Inca not have cure. Pizzaro +troop conquistadors adventurous greedy plunderers.
#13: Manco Capac founded Cuzco Incas settle in Cuzco.
#18: Gods and goddesses resembled something from nature. Important Inti sun god, Viracocha creator, Illapa weather/thunder god, Pacha mama earth goddess, Mama cocha sea goddess, Mama quilla moon goddess. Inti considered most important god. Inca considered direct relative of Inti.
#19: Had ceremony for Inti. Sacrificed white llamas or guinea pigs. When natural disaster occur sacrifice child or women to please god
#20: Empire divided in4 states. One state 1 governor. Governor report to Inca every month.
#21: Inca was top and supreme ruler. Nobility 2nd . Didnt have to pay tax. Farmers + craftsmen last. Get land + workshop from Inca in exchange for pay tax, work in temples+construction site.
#22: Used mainly hard rocks. Large. Weigh several tons. Didnt use anything to stick stones together. Cut stones so fit perfectly together.
#23: Aqueducts used to bring wtaer to terraces and towns. Terraces built on side of mountain. Stopped erosion and used for farming.
#24: Learned how to freeze store food. No famine because always had stored food.
#25: Crossed rivers + streams. Made of reeds. Connect roads together.
#26: Chasqui is a messenger. Needs to be young and athletic. Run top speed 2.4 mi to next chasqui with message. Relay communication system.