The mayan empire-Period 1
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The Mayan Empire flourished from around 250 AD to 900 AD in Mesoamerica. They developed accurate calendars and advanced knowledge of astronomy, mathematics, and engineering. The Mayans were polytheistic and based their religion and calendars around their nature gods. They built temples and made human sacrifices to the gods. While the reasons for the decline of the Mayan civilization are uncertain, their detailed calendars notably included predictions about the end of the current world age in 2012.
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油
The Mayans developed a complex calendar system through careful astronomical observations, building upon methods used by earlier civilizations like the Toltecs. They tracked star and planetary movements against structures like perfectly aligned pyramids. The Mayans used 17 calendars in total, most notably the Tzolk'in and Haab calendars. By combining these two calendars, they created a 52-year Calendar Round cycle that was important for determining a person's age and status. Through their advanced mathematical calculations and observations, the Mayans were remarkably accurate in modeling phenomena like the solar year and precession of the Earth.The mayan empire-Period 1
- 2. Mayan Beginnings Introduction to the Mayans The classic Civilization we recognize today as the Mayan Empire existed from about 250 A.D. to 900 A.D. Mayan topography composed of things such as volcanic mountains and lowlands. Lowlands consisted of vast rain forests as well as drier normal forests. They were some of the first people to keep written historical records in early America. They mastered astronomy, mathematics, and made some of the most accurate calendars of their time.
- 3. Mayan Religion The Maya worshiped nature gods. Their religion was polytheistic. Their religion was based on astronomy and astrology. They would sacrifice people to the gods They would also build fantastic premedical temples A lot of the information on the religion was in the Codex Most of the religion was influenced by the Olmecs
- 4. Mayan Religion (contd) The gods lived in 13 layers in the sky and 9 layers in the underworld The gods were categorized as good or evil The Maya believed that each day was a separate living god To keep track of what was going on with the gods and what god was in control of the day they created two calendars.
- 5. The Mayan Calendar Of the many things that the Mayans well known for, the Mayan calendar has to be the largest. The unbelievably close relation it has to our present day calendar is incredible, its creative religious design is beautiful, and its precise calculation of time is mind boggling. The calendar is mainly based off of the gods. The Mayans believed that the weight of time had to be carried on the backs of different gods and so it was important to know exactly what god was carrying the day, week, month or year (thus the calendar was created.) In creating the calendar, the Mayans calculations were off by only 0.0002 of a day in a year (most likely caused by the leap year.) However, their solar calendar (called Haab) still included 365 days but, unlike our present day calendar, was made up of 18 months with 20 days each and a final month called Wayeb (meaning the five unlucky days.) were
- 6. The Apocalypse One of the most well known reasons for the Mayan calendars popularity is the Apocalypse. The end of the cycle of the Mayan calendar is in 2012 and so it is believed that by the end of the calendar, everything will end and the world will begin again. The Mayans associated the end of the calendar with the pleasure of the gods. They believed that humanity ended the cycle because the gods were displeased with them. They also believed that this was a constant cycle and that the apocalypse had come many times before now. Researchers have been looking into this event and trying to find a scientific explanation for it. People associate the end of the world with global warming and particular astronomical events that are expected to take place in 2012. However, the reason for the apocalypse is still unclear making it more credible that the end of the world follows a cycle just as the Mayans believed.
- 7. Mayans Disappearance No one is really sure what caused the Mayans mysterious disappearance. Historians have theorized that is could have been due to natural disasters, weather, and/or famine do to an extended period of crop failure.
- 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Mauritania-to-Nigeria/Maya.html http://www.indians.org/welker/maya.htm http://www.mayafifthsun.com/ http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ancient-mayan-religion.html http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/geopedia/Maya http://www.deathreference.com/Ke-Ma/Maya-Religion.html http://mayancountdown.net/mayan_haab_calendar.html http://mayancountdown.net/images/mc_mc.jpg http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2007-03-27-maya-2012_n.htm