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The periodic table

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The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table. It describes the table's organization into columns (families) and rows (periods), and how elements in the same family have similar properties and reactivity decreases moving right and down. It then highlights several important families - alkali and alkaline earth metals, which are reactive; transition elements; and noble gases. The document also defines properties of metals and non-metals, as well as metalloids.

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The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
The Table in General ? Columns (families) ¨C Called families ¨C Elements in a family have similar chemical and physical properties ¨C As you go from the top to the bottom of the column the elements get larger.
This is column 1 the alkali metals Draw an arrow down column one.
The Table in General ? Rows (periods) ¨C Called periods ¨C First element in a period is a very reactive solid metal ¨C Last element in a family is a very non-reactive gas ¨C Elements get less reactive as you move right ? Reactive means to lose electrons ¨C Elements become less metallic as you move to the right
This is Period 4 Draw an arrow across period four.
Alkali Metals
Alkali Metals ? Shade this column yellow. ? One electron in the valence shell ¨C Valence means the outer shell ? Soft, less dense metals ? Most reactive of all metals ? React with water to form bases ? Never found free, alone, in nature ? Used to make soap, salt, baking soda
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals ? Shade this column red ? Two electrons in the valance shell ? Harder, higher melting point, more dense than Alkali metals (column 1) ? Very reactive ? Never found free in nature
Transition Elements
Transition Elements ? Shade all these elements purple.
Transition Elements ? Good conductors of heat and electricity ? Higher melting point than first two families ? Some are hard and brittle ? Some combine with oxygen to form oxides ? Form brightly colored compounds
Rare Earth Elements
Rare Earth Elements ? Shade the elements light blue/teal. ? 1st Row Lanthanide Series ¨C Soft, malleable, great conductors, used to make alloys (mixed metals w/ metals or nonmetals) ? 2nd Row Actinide Series ¨C all but three are synthetic, manmade.
Boron Family
Boron Family ? Shade all the elements Green. ? Three electrons in the valance shell ? Collection of "odd ducks" ¨C boron is a metalloid ¨C aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium are poor metals ? Aluminum is the third most abundant element on earth.
Carbon Family
Carbon Family ? Shade all elements Dark Blue ? Four valence electrons ? Form organic compounds ¨C Organic means alive or living ? Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth ? Tin resists Oxidation and Corrosion ? Lead is very dense and poisonous
Nitrogen Family
Nitrogen Family ? Shade this family Brown. ? Five electrons in the valance shell ? Stable, do not combine easily ? Nitrogen is the most abundant in earths atmosphere. Uses: Fertilizer, dyes, explosives Ex NH3 (Ammonia) ? Phosphorus: Match tips ? Arsenic: Rat Poison
Oxygen Family
Oxygen Family ? Shade all elements in this family Orange. ? 6 outer electrons ? Oxygen supports burning, is very reactive, combines with many other elements ? Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium: Brittle, combine easily with other elements
Halogen Family
Halogen Family ? Shade all elements in this family Pink ? Seven valence electrons. ? Most chemically reactive non-metals ? Never found free in nature ? Low melting and boiling point ? As gases they form diatomic elements ex. F2, Cl2
Noble Gas Family
Noble Gas Family ? Shade all elements in this family gray. ? Full valance shell, He 2 electrons Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn all have 8 electrons ? Inert, do not combine with other elements ? He- balloons, Ne- signs, Ar- fill in windows, Xe- photographic lamps, Rn- Treats cancer
Who has no family?
Hydrogen (no family) ? Shade this element no color. ? One valance electron ? Highly reactive ? Highly combustible ? Colorless odorless gas at room temperature
Who has no family?
Metalloids: Draw the step ladder & Shade the metalloids with stripes.
Non-metals mark the non-metals with dots.
Properties of a metal. ? Physical ¨C Superior electric and thermal conductivity ¨C High luster ¨C High density ¨C Malleable ¨C Alkali and Alkaline earth metals are reactive, low density, low hardness, low melting point
Properties of a metal. ? Chemical ¨C Form positively charges ions ¨C Oxidize easily ¨C React with acid ¨C Some react with water to form a base
Properties of a non-metal ? Chemical ¨C Form negatively charged ions ? Physical ¨C Brittle when solid ¨C Most are solid and gas (Bromine is a liquid) ¨C Not thermally or electrically conductive ¨C Lower melting points and boiling points than metals
Definition of a Metalloid ? An element which is like both a metal and a non-metal in terms of malleability, ductility, conductivity and luster
? Vertical lines______________________________ ? Horizontal rows____________________________ ? Elements on the zigzag______________________ ? Elements on the top right____________________ ? 1 valance electron reactive family______________ ? 2 valance electron reactive family______________ ? 3-12 families ______________________________ ? Elements that form salts_____________________ ? Elements that do not react___________________ ? Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic table___________________________________ ? Element that is all alone_____________________ Families total of 11 Periods total of 7 Metalloids Non-Metals Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Elements Halogens Nobel Gas or Inert Gases Rare Earth elements Hydrogen
Read the Element 77 Ir Iridium 192.217 9 6 2 8 18 32 15 2
Example Element 1. Element: _______________ 2. Symbol: ________________ 3. Atomic mass: _____________ 4. Atomic number:______________ 5. Family: _____________________ 6. Period: ____________ 7. Number of total electrons: _________ 8. Number of valance electrons: _______ Iridium Ir 192.271 77 Transition Element # 9 6 77 2

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The periodic table

  • 3. The Table in General ? Columns (families) ¨C Called families ¨C Elements in a family have similar chemical and physical properties ¨C As you go from the top to the bottom of the column the elements get larger.
  • 4. This is column 1 the alkali metals Draw an arrow down column one.
  • 5. The Table in General ? Rows (periods) ¨C Called periods ¨C First element in a period is a very reactive solid metal ¨C Last element in a family is a very non-reactive gas ¨C Elements get less reactive as you move right ? Reactive means to lose electrons ¨C Elements become less metallic as you move to the right
  • 6. This is Period 4 Draw an arrow across period four.
  • 8. Alkali Metals ? Shade this column yellow. ? One electron in the valence shell ¨C Valence means the outer shell ? Soft, less dense metals ? Most reactive of all metals ? React with water to form bases ? Never found free, alone, in nature ? Used to make soap, salt, baking soda
  • 10. Alkaline Earth Metals ? Shade this column red ? Two electrons in the valance shell ? Harder, higher melting point, more dense than Alkali metals (column 1) ? Very reactive ? Never found free in nature
  • 12. Transition Elements ? Shade all these elements purple.
  • 13. Transition Elements ? Good conductors of heat and electricity ? Higher melting point than first two families ? Some are hard and brittle ? Some combine with oxygen to form oxides ? Form brightly colored compounds
  • 15. Rare Earth Elements ? Shade the elements light blue/teal. ? 1st Row Lanthanide Series ¨C Soft, malleable, great conductors, used to make alloys (mixed metals w/ metals or nonmetals) ? 2nd Row Actinide Series ¨C all but three are synthetic, manmade.
  • 17. Boron Family ? Shade all the elements Green. ? Three electrons in the valance shell ? Collection of "odd ducks" ¨C boron is a metalloid ¨C aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium are poor metals ? Aluminum is the third most abundant element on earth.
  • 19. Carbon Family ? Shade all elements Dark Blue ? Four valence electrons ? Form organic compounds ¨C Organic means alive or living ? Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth ? Tin resists Oxidation and Corrosion ? Lead is very dense and poisonous
  • 21. Nitrogen Family ? Shade this family Brown. ? Five electrons in the valance shell ? Stable, do not combine easily ? Nitrogen is the most abundant in earths atmosphere. Uses: Fertilizer, dyes, explosives Ex NH3 (Ammonia) ? Phosphorus: Match tips ? Arsenic: Rat Poison
  • 23. Oxygen Family ? Shade all elements in this family Orange. ? 6 outer electrons ? Oxygen supports burning, is very reactive, combines with many other elements ? Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium: Brittle, combine easily with other elements
  • 25. Halogen Family ? Shade all elements in this family Pink ? Seven valence electrons. ? Most chemically reactive non-metals ? Never found free in nature ? Low melting and boiling point ? As gases they form diatomic elements ex. F2, Cl2
  • 27. Noble Gas Family ? Shade all elements in this family gray. ? Full valance shell, He 2 electrons Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn all have 8 electrons ? Inert, do not combine with other elements ? He- balloons, Ne- signs, Ar- fill in windows, Xe- photographic lamps, Rn- Treats cancer
  • 28. Who has no family?
  • 29. Hydrogen (no family) ? Shade this element no color. ? One valance electron ? Highly reactive ? Highly combustible ? Colorless odorless gas at room temperature
  • 30. Who has no family?
  • 31. Metalloids: Draw the step ladder & Shade the metalloids with stripes.
  • 32. Non-metals mark the non-metals with dots.
  • 33. Properties of a metal. ? Physical ¨C Superior electric and thermal conductivity ¨C High luster ¨C High density ¨C Malleable ¨C Alkali and Alkaline earth metals are reactive, low density, low hardness, low melting point
  • 34. Properties of a metal. ? Chemical ¨C Form positively charges ions ¨C Oxidize easily ¨C React with acid ¨C Some react with water to form a base
  • 35. Properties of a non-metal ? Chemical ¨C Form negatively charged ions ? Physical ¨C Brittle when solid ¨C Most are solid and gas (Bromine is a liquid) ¨C Not thermally or electrically conductive ¨C Lower melting points and boiling points than metals
  • 36. Definition of a Metalloid ? An element which is like both a metal and a non-metal in terms of malleability, ductility, conductivity and luster
  • 37. ? Vertical lines______________________________ ? Horizontal rows____________________________ ? Elements on the zigzag______________________ ? Elements on the top right____________________ ? 1 valance electron reactive family______________ ? 2 valance electron reactive family______________ ? 3-12 families ______________________________ ? Elements that form salts_____________________ ? Elements that do not react___________________ ? Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic table___________________________________ ? Element that is all alone_____________________ Families total of 11 Periods total of 7 Metalloids Non-Metals Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Elements Halogens Nobel Gas or Inert Gases Rare Earth elements Hydrogen
  • 39. Example Element 1. Element: _______________ 2. Symbol: ________________ 3. Atomic mass: _____________ 4. Atomic number:______________ 5. Family: _____________________ 6. Period: ____________ 7. Number of total electrons: _________ 8. Number of valance electrons: _______ Iridium Ir 192.271 77 Transition Element # 9 6 77 2