The document summarizes the key recommendations of the National Curriculum Frameworks (NCF) published in India in 2005 and 2009. The NCF 2005 recommended softening subject boundaries to promote integrated knowledge, incorporating local knowledge into textbooks, and creating a stimulating learning environment. The NCF 2009 focused on changing negative attitudes towards teaching skills development, moving beyond an exam-oriented approach to teacher education, and establishing a flexible system for in-service teachers.