The document discusses the social construction of gender. It argues that gender is not determined by biology or genetics, but is constantly created and re-created through human social interaction. Gender roles and expectations are legitimized by societal institutions and enforced through informal social sanctions as well as formal punishment. The social construction of gender creates inequality that benefits men as a group and subordinates women as a group.
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The Social Construction of Gender
1. The Social Construction of Gender By: Judith Lorber
3. Gender is so pervasive in our society that we assume it is bred in our genes. [] gender is constantly created and re-created out of human interaction, out of social life, and is the texture and order of that social life.
4. Everyone does gender without thinking about it. Q-How do you, personally, do gender? Q-What kind of clothes are you wearing right now? Why? Q-Are you wearing makeup? Why or why not?
5. The process of gendering and its outcome are legitimated by religion, law, science, and the societys entire set of values. [Gender inequality] is not the result of sex, procreation, physiology, anatomy, hormones or genetic predisposition. Q-What are some specific examples of how religion, law, science and societal values perpetuate gender norms?
6. As a process, gender creates the social differences that define woman and man. In social interaction throughout their lives, individuals learn what is expected, see what is expected, act and react in expected ways, and thus simultaneously construct and maintain gender order. Political power, control of scarce resources and violence uphold the gendered social order in the face of resistance and rebellion. Q- Can you think of a time that you decided against or for something because you thought it was expected of people of your gender?
7. Gendered norms and expectations are enforced through informal sanctions of gender-inappropriate behavior by peers and by formal punishment or threat of punishment by those in authority should behavior deviate too far from socially imposed standards for women and men. Q-Can you think of a personal experience that evidences her claim?
8. Gender inequality [] has social functions and social history. It is produced and maintained by identifiable social processes and built into the general social structure and individual identities deliberately and purposefully.[]The continuing purpose of gender as a modern social institution is to construct women as a group to be the subordinates of men as a group. Q-In what ways does the engineered social construction of female benefit men?
9. Most people go along with their societys prescriptions for those of their status because the norms and expectations get built into their sense of worth and identity as [the way we] think, the way we hear and speak, the way we fantasy and the way we feel. Q-Would you be able to not do your prescribed gender role and feel the same way about yourself?
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