The Web Ontology Language
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The document discusses the need for semantic technologies like ontologies to help address information overload by allowing machines to extract knowledge. It describes the evolution of semantic technologies, starting with XML providing syntactic interoperability, RDF providing a semantic grammar through assertions and relationships, and RDFS providing semantic interoperability through hierarchies and taxonomies for defining vocabulary. However, RDFS is not expressive enough to model all ontologies, so OWL was created by W3C to further extend RDFS while addressing complexity through different profiles like OWL Lite, DL, and Full.
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The document discusses the W3C stack for representing metadata, with XML providing syntax but no semantics, RDF and RDF Schema defining a data model for relations between resources and a vocabulary definition language, and OWL adding more expressivity with concepts such as classes, properties, and cardinality restrictions. It also covers RDF syntaxes like Turtle and XML, and how RDF can represent implied claims from XML and facilitate interoperability between systems through its abstract model.RDF Semantics
RDF SemanticsJie Bao
油
This document provides an overview of RDF semantics. It defines semantics as the study of meaning in communication and models as linking intensional and extensional meaning. It discusses RDF syntax as triples and graphs. It then defines simple interpretation and semantic conditions for RDF graphs. Finally, it defines RDFS vocabulary and semantic conditions for RDFS, including domains, ranges, and subclass/subproperty relationships.Introduction to SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization System
Introduction to SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization SystemFulvio Corno
油
The document provides an overview of the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS), which is a data-sharing standard designed to facilitate the organization of knowledge across various fields. It outlines the key features of SKOS, including its vocabulary definitions, semantic relationships, and the ability to represent concepts through URIs and labels, while enabling a lightweight modeling approach for Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS). Additionally, it discusses how SKOS can interact with other formal languages and vocabularies, enhancing its usability in structuring and sharing knowledge on the semantic web.Representing Translations on the Semantic Web
Representing Translations on the Semantic WebOscar Corcho
油
This document proposes representing translations of natural language descriptions associated with ontology elements and linked data on the Semantic Web. It discusses current mechanisms like RDFS, SKOS and SKOS-XL that allow some representation of multilingual labels but have limitations. It then introduces the lemon model, an RDF-based ontology-lexicon model, as a basis for the proposal. A typology of translation relations is presented, distinguishing between literal and cultural equivalence translations. The proposal is a lemon module that represents translation relations as well as metadata like translation type and confidence. Examples demonstrate representing literal and cultural equivalence translations between lexicons. The approach aims to directly and explicitly represent translations while maintaining moderate complexity.Computer assisted text and corpus analysis
Computer assisted text and corpus analysisRubyaShaheen
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The document discusses the evolution of language studies, particularly focusing on computer-assisted text and corpus analysis, highlighting the importance of lexical cohesion and communicative competence. It details the history of corpus linguistics and the shift from manual analysis to computer-driven methodologies, which enhance the reliability and scope of linguistic research. The text emphasizes the significance of collocations, coherence, and cultural connotations in understanding language use and discourse.Making the semantic web work
Making the semantic web workPaul Houle
油
The document discusses the challenges and advancements in making the Semantic Web more practical, particularly focusing on the semantic issues in machine-to-machine communication and the importance of structured processes linking specifications to implementations. It critiques current RDF standards and highlights the need for scalable solutions such as RDF* and SPARQL*, emphasizing the evolution towards more effective data integration methods while maintaining human-readable formats. Additionally, it addresses the limitations of traditional semantic frameworks like OWL in data processing and inference capabilities.CS6010 Social Network Analysis Unit II
CS6010 Social Network Analysis Unit IIpkaviya
油
This document discusses modelling and representing social network data ontologically. It covers representing social individuals and relationships ontologically, as well as aggregating and reasoning with social network data. It discusses ontology languages like RDF, OWL, and FOAF that can be used to represent social network data and individuals semantically. It also talks about state-of-the-art approaches for representing network structure and attribute data, and the need for representations that can integrate different data sources and maintain identity.Publishing Data Using Semantic Web Technologies
Publishing Data Using Semantic Web TechnologiesNikolaos Konstantinou
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This document provides an overview of semantic web technologies for publishing data. It introduces the semantic web and describes semantic web languages like RDF, RDF Schema, and OWL. These languages allow modeling data as graphs and defining ontologies to provide unambiguous meaning to information. The document discusses using these languages to publish structured data on the web in ways that enable semantic annotation, integration, and reasoning across interconnected data sources.An Outline Of Type-Theoretical Approaches To Lexical Semantics
An Outline Of Type-Theoretical Approaches To Lexical SemanticsTye Rausch
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This document provides an overview of type-theoretical approaches to modeling lexical semantics. It discusses how type theory can account for various lexical semantic phenomena compositionally, including polysemy, the relations between word meanings, and the connection between lexical networks and semantics. Specifically, it examines how type theory addresses different forms of polysemy, the logical representation of relations between meanings, modeling events and their arguments, and analyzing co-predication of different aspects of word meanings compositionally. The document serves as an introduction to papers from a workshop on using type theory for lexical semantics.Owl web ontology language
Owl web ontology languagehassco2011
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The document discusses the Web Ontology Language (OWL). It provides an overview of OWL, describing its three sublanguages - OWL Lite, OWL DL, and OWL Full - and their increasing expressiveness and reasoning complexity. The document also reviews the requirements for ontology languages and how OWL builds upon XML, RDF, and RDF Schema as the ontology language for the Semantic Web.Mdst3705 2013-02-05-databases
Mdst3705 2013-02-05-databasesRafael Alvarado
油
This document discusses using databases and SQL to store and organize text data. It explains that arrays in PHP can be used to represent text as data structures like tables and trees, but databases provide more efficient storage and retrieval. Specifically, relational databases use SQL, which allows defining schemas to represent ontologies and then querying the data through logical operations. The document introduces MySQL as an open source relational database and phpMyAdmin as a PHP interface for managing MySQL databases.Collisions, Chimera and Consonance in Web Content
Collisions, Chimera and Consonance in Web ContentJeni Tennison
油
The document discusses the evolution of web technologies, highlighting formats like HTML, XML, RDF, and JSON, each representing different interpretations of the web. It explores the challenges and advantages of hybrid technologies ('chimera') and advocates for a collaborative approach among these formats to leverage their individual strengths. Ultimately, it emphasizes the importance of URLs as a common language that facilitates interaction and coherence among diverse web technologies.Federated data stores using semantic web technology
Federated data stores using semantic web technologySteve Ray
油
The document discusses the use of semantic web technologies, particularly RDF and OWL, to enhance data interoperability across federated data stores. It outlines the advantages of these technologies, including simple representation as triples, self-describing models, ease of interrogation with SPARQL, and effective validation and interoperability. The author emphasizes that adopting semantic technology can reduce the costs associated with interoperability solutions.Ad
The Web Ontology Language
- 1. Hector Quintero Casanova University of Edinburgh The Web Ontology Language
- 2. Why bother?
- 3. Why bother?
- 4. Information overload Buried in piles of human- readable documents. One trillion addresses 6,000,000 years to read Put machines to work: Semantic Web: extract knowledge for us. = ontologies.
- 6. 1.Syntactic interoperability: XML Fact: To spread knowledge, don't do Swahili. XML is a common language or syntax which things can be described in. XML is perfect for sharing meta-data and... No more and no less. XML is just the vehicle for meaning (semantics).
- 7. 2.Semantic grammar: RDF Use English: the man dog bites the Problem: interpretation is not universal.
- 8. 2.Semantic grammar: RDF Fact: English without a grammar is a mess. RDF amounts to the grammar for describing meaning: exposes relationships. Uses assertions: The dog bites the man. Those use a certain vocabulary: bites. Vocabulary must be provided. Note: XML normally used as underlying syntax
- 9. 3.Semantic interoperability: RDFS Sensible English: define status of the man Answer: The man had a P.E. P.E. = Physical Examination. The man is alive and kicking. P.E. = Pleural Effusion. The man might be in trouble. Problem: subject to multiple interpretation.
- 10. 3.Semantic interoperability: RDFS Fact: Cryptic English is worse than Swahili RDF Schema provides an object-oriented framework for defining vocabulary. Uses hierarchy and inheritance relationships. Standard actions such as subClassOf. RDF + RDFS = universally describe domain Semantically-strong taxonomies (e.g. biology) We don't need OWL at all?
- 11. 3.Semantic interoperability: RDFS Fact: Cryptic English is worse than Swahili RDF Schema provides an object-oriented framework for defining vocabulary. Uses hierarchy and inheritance relationships. Standard actions such as subClassOf. RDF + RDFS = universally describe language Ontology modelling domain Semantically-strong taxonomies (e.g. biology) We don't need OWL at all?
- 13. Ontology spectrum RDF/S cannot model all ontologies. Enhance expressiveness of RDF/S. OWL = W3C's attempt to extend RDFS But with expressiveness comes complexity Bad for inference rules W3C's solution is 3 flavours: Full, DL, Lite. Semantic formula = XML + RDF/S + OWL
- 14. Semantic stack