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Crafting Structure


Creating the Blueprint
      Chapter 4
Theatre: The Lively Art

  Rebecca Pearson
The Playwright

    Creates blueprint for the collaborative effort
    which is a play

    Chooses
           Story (Subject, Focus, Purpose)
           Plot Structure
           Characters (Dialogue)

    Centrality?
           Exception: Improv
           Some critics: Play is only a starting point
Dramatic Structure

    Playwright crafts:
          Conflicts
         Limits
         Intensity

    Each play  should have its own internal
    laws and its own framework, which give it
    shape, strength, and meaning.
Essentials of Structure

    Plot               
                           Opening Scene
                                Exposition

    Action                       Characterizatio
                                  n

    Conflict
                       
                           Obstacles /

    Opposing Forces
                           Complications

    Balance            
                           Crises / Climaxes
Climactic and Episodic Structures

    Intensive              
                               Extensive

    Originated in Greece   
                               Proliferate

    Focuses late in plot   
                               Subplots
           Exposition     
                               Juxtaposition

    Restricted             
                               Cumulative effect

    Tight Construction


    Ex:The Zoo Story       
                               Ex: RENT
Other Structures

    Ritual

    Patterns

    Cyclical

    Serial

    Experimental (Avant-Garde)

    Tableaux
The Sounds of Feminist Theory
... linear plot is incompatible with oral narrative which
   unfolds according to the storyteller's memory and
   interaction with specific listeners. Indeed one of the
   most distrinctive qualities of oral narrative is its
   tendency to enact the immediacy and tumult of
   experience. A storyteller may well get carried away
   with a detail or delve into a flashback. Instead of
   following the kind of sequential structure of the typical
   climactic plot, oral storytellers are often driven by the
   episodic and ever-changing dynamics of life as it
   unfolds from day to day.

                                                          -
  Ruth Salvaggio
Orality and Literacy:
    the technolgizing of the word
What made a good epic poet was not mastery of a
  climactic linear plot, but was, among other things
  of course, first, tacit acceptance of the fact that
  episodic structure was the only way and the totally
  natural way of imagining and handling lengthy
  narrative, and second, possession of supreme skill
  in managing flashbacks and other episodic
  techniques.                                        -
  Walter Ong
Empirical Analysis of Dramatic
                Structure
It is tradition to discuss the form of Western drama by describing its
    linear structure, i.e., how the sequences of the play relate to one
    another over time according to some unifying construct such as
    tension build or level of interest. Aristotle seems to have set this
    precedent in the Poetics by defining plot as the arrangement of the
    incidents (VI. 6) and devoting parts of all subsequent chapters to
    procedures for analyzing such arrangement  This tradition can be
    seen in modern works on dramatic theory and, closer to actual
    production, in directing texts such as Dietrich's popular Play Direction
    (1953), which offers the Aristotle-Freytag-Matthews model in refined
    form including embellishments which make it resemble a scientifically
    respectable line graph
Freytag's Pyramid
Dramatic Structure Line 赫姻温沿鞄
Empirical Analysis of Dramatic
      Structure (continued)
 This precision and the importance of the construct it
  operationalizes suggests the need to bring behavioral research
  methods to bear in testing its operations inductively. To what
  extent do individual audience members perceive the dramatic
  structure of a given theatrical event similarly? If this similarity of
  judgements exists, how does it compare to such a priori
  theoretical models as those in the Brander Matthews heritage?
  Does the production team (actors-director) analyze the tension-
  time configuration of a given play similarly to that of an audience
  as well as an a priori standard?
                             -Gil Lazier, Douglas Zahn, Joseph
  Bellinghiere
Works Cited

    Lazier, Gil, Douglas Zahn, and Joseph Bellinghiere.
    "Empirical Analysis of Dramatic Structure."
    Communication Monographs 41.4 (1974): 381-90.
    Print.

    Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The
    Technologizing of the Word. London: Methuen, 1982.
    Print.

    Salvaggio, Ruth. The Sounds of Feminist Theory.
    Albany: State University of New York, 1999. Print.

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Theatre oral report final

  • 1. Crafting Structure Creating the Blueprint Chapter 4 Theatre: The Lively Art Rebecca Pearson
  • 2. The Playwright Creates blueprint for the collaborative effort which is a play Chooses Story (Subject, Focus, Purpose) Plot Structure Characters (Dialogue) Centrality? Exception: Improv Some critics: Play is only a starting point
  • 3. Dramatic Structure Playwright crafts: Conflicts Limits Intensity Each play should have its own internal laws and its own framework, which give it shape, strength, and meaning.
  • 4. Essentials of Structure Plot Opening Scene Exposition Action Characterizatio n Conflict Obstacles / Opposing Forces Complications Balance Crises / Climaxes
  • 5. Climactic and Episodic Structures Intensive Extensive Originated in Greece Proliferate Focuses late in plot Subplots Exposition Juxtaposition Restricted Cumulative effect Tight Construction Ex:The Zoo Story Ex: RENT
  • 6. Other Structures Ritual Patterns Cyclical Serial Experimental (Avant-Garde) Tableaux
  • 7. The Sounds of Feminist Theory ... linear plot is incompatible with oral narrative which unfolds according to the storyteller's memory and interaction with specific listeners. Indeed one of the most distrinctive qualities of oral narrative is its tendency to enact the immediacy and tumult of experience. A storyteller may well get carried away with a detail or delve into a flashback. Instead of following the kind of sequential structure of the typical climactic plot, oral storytellers are often driven by the episodic and ever-changing dynamics of life as it unfolds from day to day. - Ruth Salvaggio
  • 8. Orality and Literacy: the technolgizing of the word What made a good epic poet was not mastery of a climactic linear plot, but was, among other things of course, first, tacit acceptance of the fact that episodic structure was the only way and the totally natural way of imagining and handling lengthy narrative, and second, possession of supreme skill in managing flashbacks and other episodic techniques. - Walter Ong
  • 9. Empirical Analysis of Dramatic Structure It is tradition to discuss the form of Western drama by describing its linear structure, i.e., how the sequences of the play relate to one another over time according to some unifying construct such as tension build or level of interest. Aristotle seems to have set this precedent in the Poetics by defining plot as the arrangement of the incidents (VI. 6) and devoting parts of all subsequent chapters to procedures for analyzing such arrangement This tradition can be seen in modern works on dramatic theory and, closer to actual production, in directing texts such as Dietrich's popular Play Direction (1953), which offers the Aristotle-Freytag-Matthews model in refined form including embellishments which make it resemble a scientifically respectable line graph
  • 11. Dramatic Structure Line 赫姻温沿鞄
  • 12. Empirical Analysis of Dramatic Structure (continued) This precision and the importance of the construct it operationalizes suggests the need to bring behavioral research methods to bear in testing its operations inductively. To what extent do individual audience members perceive the dramatic structure of a given theatrical event similarly? If this similarity of judgements exists, how does it compare to such a priori theoretical models as those in the Brander Matthews heritage? Does the production team (actors-director) analyze the tension- time configuration of a given play similarly to that of an audience as well as an a priori standard? -Gil Lazier, Douglas Zahn, Joseph Bellinghiere
  • 13. Works Cited Lazier, Gil, Douglas Zahn, and Joseph Bellinghiere. "Empirical Analysis of Dramatic Structure." Communication Monographs 41.4 (1974): 381-90. Print. Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London: Methuen, 1982. Print. Salvaggio, Ruth. The Sounds of Feminist Theory. Albany: State University of New York, 1999. Print.