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Appearance of a scientific journal in the mid-17th century became a revolution in the world system of scientific communication. It is hard to overestimate the importance of scientific periodicals for the development of science. The knowledge about the development stages of scientific publishing could shed light on many aspects of the industry’s natural development, but so far the publications of Russian authors have left the key issues without an answer. Which title can be considered the first scientific peer-reviewed journal in the world? Which journals have laid the foundation for the development of scientific publishing in Europe, Latin America, Japan, China, or the United States? What was the title of the first peer-reviewed scientific journal in Russia and what was its history? How did the principles of publishing process organization and structure of a peer-reviewed journal vary under different circumstances and how did they change over time? There are very few mature research projects on the history of scientific periodicals in the world, and there are virtually none in Russia. The answers to these questions, however, should not merely enrich the STM publishing industry employees with useful facts, but also become reference points for further research.Read less