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Thermodynamics

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Habib ur Rehman Solangi
Habib ur Rehman Solangi

The document defines temperature and absolute temperature in Celsius and Kelvin scales. It explains how to convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankin scales, and lists the highest and lowest points on each scale. It derives the general gas equation and defines specific volume as the ratio of a substance's volume to its mass. Specific volume units and the formula are provided. Systems and surroundings are defined in thermodynamics.

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Define Temperature and absolute temperature with units in all system How to convert C into F How to convert F into Rankin scale, highest and lowest points in C and F Derive the General Gas Equation Numerical What is specific volume write down the formula and units in all system,
Temperature : it is intensity/degree of hotness or coldness of the body Absolute Temperature: Absolute temperature is temperature measured using the Kelvin scale where zero is absolute zero
Temperature is measured in units C and F in SI Units Celsius Kelvin Highest 100C K=C+273 Lowest 0 C Fahrenheit Highest 212F K=(F+459.67) 59Lowest 32F
Thermodynamics
From Fahrenheit to Rankin [属R] = [属F] + 459.67 From Rankin to Fahrenheit [属F] = [属R] 459.67
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance is the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass. It is the reciprocal of density and is an intrinsic property of matter
System: the part of the world in which we have a special interest Surroundings: where we make our observations
1. Habib Rehman D-13-PG-23 2. Shaoor Ahmed D-13-PG-26 3. A. Basit D-13-PG-27 4. Noor soomro D-13-PG-28 5. Noshad ali D-13-PG-29 6. Miandad jatoi D-13-PG-30 7. Lal Bakhsh D-13-PG-31 8. Abid Ali D-13-PG-32 9. A. Qadir D-13-PG-33 10. Syed Qasim D-13-PG-34 11. Faisal Qadir D-13-PG-35
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Thermodynamics

  • 2. Define Temperature and absolute temperature with units in all system How to convert C into F How to convert F into Rankin scale, highest and lowest points in C and F Derive the General Gas Equation Numerical What is specific volume write down the formula and units in all system,
  • 3. Temperature : it is intensity/degree of hotness or coldness of the body Absolute Temperature: Absolute temperature is temperature measured using the Kelvin scale where zero is absolute zero
  • 4. Temperature is measured in units C and F in SI Units Celsius Kelvin Highest 100C K=C+273 Lowest 0 C Fahrenheit Highest 212F K=(F+459.67) 59Lowest 32F
  • 6. From Fahrenheit to Rankin [属R] = [属F] + 459.67 From Rankin to Fahrenheit [属F] = [属R] 459.67
  • 9. In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance is the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass. It is the reciprocal of density and is an intrinsic property of matter
  • 10. System: the part of the world in which we have a special interest Surroundings: where we make our observations
  • 11. 1. Habib Rehman D-13-PG-23 2. Shaoor Ahmed D-13-PG-26 3. A. Basit D-13-PG-27 4. Noor soomro D-13-PG-28 5. Noshad ali D-13-PG-29 6. Miandad jatoi D-13-PG-30 7. Lal Bakhsh D-13-PG-31 8. Abid Ali D-13-PG-32 9. A. Qadir D-13-PG-33 10. Syed Qasim D-13-PG-34 11. Faisal Qadir D-13-PG-35

Editor's Notes

  1. Temperature: Temperature is the property of matter which reflects the quantity of energy of motion of the component particles. There are several scales used to measure this value (e.g., Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit). Absolute Zero: Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, at which point the atoms of a substance transmit no thermal energy - they are completely at rest. It is 0 degrees on the Kelvin scale, which translates to -273.15 degrees Celsius (or -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit).
  2. The ability to measure temperature accurately was a major scientific advancement, putting absolute numbers on an observable phenomenon.
  3. We can convert temperature by this relation
  4. Specific volume is mainly used for gas and vapours
  5. It can be something as simple as a beaker in which an experiment is being run with a solution contained within it or something as complex as a space shuttle. The surroundings are everything outside the system and are the place where the observation and measurements of the system are taken. For example, a chemist may be studying the amount of heat evolved (released) during a reaction in a beaker. The beaker is the system and the surroundings are everything else, including the lab wherethe chemisttakes measurements.