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Thuyet trinh ngu phap.pptx.yennguyenhoang

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Linh Xuka
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This document contains notes from a class on prepositions and prepositional phrases taught at Thai Nguyen University. It includes definitions of prepositions and prepositional phrases, discusses their structure and syntactic functions. Examples are provided to illustrate different types of prepositional phrases functioning as noun modifiers, noun complements, adjective complements, adverbial complements and adjuncts. Students are given exercises to identify prepositional phrases in sentences and determine their syntactic function.

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THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES GROUP 05: Tr畉n Th畛 Ng畛c Do達n Th炭y Oanh Mai Th畛 Thu Trang Nguy畛n Hong Y畉n Thai Nguyen, 11th Sep., 2013
PREPOSITONS AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES Outline: I. II. III. IV. Definition Structure Syntactic functions of PP Exercises & homework
Startup exercise: Fill in the dash: 1. I am afraid being sick. 2. she is interested the game. 3. I am grateful her. 4. sight, mind. 5. we are very worried our tests.
Startup exercise: Answer key: 1. I am afraid of being sick. 2. she is interested in the game. 3. I am grateful to her. 4. out of sight, out of mind. 5. we are very worried about our tests.
I. Definition 1. Def. OF PREPOSITION -Def. : A word (one of the parts of speech and a member of a closed word class) that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. - Types: + simple : a word Eg: in, on at +complex: >=2 words Eg: out of, along with, up to, . -
2. Def. OF PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE -Def. : A Prepositional Phrase consits of a preposition followed by a prepositional complement, which is characteristically a NP or a wh-clause or V-ing clause. - Eg: PP PP in the garden (believe) in what you say prep. prep. NP( complement) clause(complement) Wh- PP ( keen) on prep. playing football. V-ing clause( complement)
II. Structure PP= Prep.( the head) + prepositional Complement simple NP wh- interrogation clause(wh- question) complex wh- relative clause V-ing clause wh-clause that-clause Note: complex prep. - adv or prep+ pre: along with, as for, out of, up to, - v/ adj/ conjunction/ : owing to, due to, thanks to, because of, . - prep+ n+ pre: in front of, in spite of, by means of, in comparision with
Examples: slide5 At which house is he staying? Prep. wh-interrogation clause(wh-question) About what are they talking? The book about which I talked is very famous. prep. Relative clause in there , until now. ( now and there are Adv Phrases)
Preposition within a sentence. Before its complement In some cases, prep. stands after. Wh-question relative clause famous. wh-clause Phrase. Exclamation which school did you study at? The book which I talked about is very + prep. What Ill talk about is functions of prep. passives what a mess he has got into! He was punished after by all the mistakes he had made. infinitive clause She is possible to work with.
Exercise: Underline prepositional phrase(s) in the following sentences: The ship sunk quickly on Tuesday. 2. I usually have dinner with my parents at a restaurant on my births day. 1. 3. To my thought, Johnson might go down with liver cancer for a long time. Under any circumstances, she always keep calm. 5. I was very lazy at studying and I ,as a result, failed the final exam. 4.
III. Syntactic functions of PP Prepositional Phrase acts as NP post-modifier, NP Complement, AdjP Complement, AdvP Complement, Adjunct Advbial, Disjunct Advbial.
1. PP as NP modifier PP acts as post-modifier of a NP. Eg: The puppy with the blue and white fur NP PP PP modifies the NP. An old man with glasses. someone for whom the bell tolls.
2. PP as a NP Complementation PP acts as a NP Complement. It completes the meaning of the NP. Eg : passion for reading love of singing fear of mice latest edition of this book.
3. PP as an AdjP complementation Keen on bananas AdjP PP Fond of comic adjP PP Afraid of the darkness. adjP PP
4. PP as VP complentation PP, as VP complementation, completes the meaning of the VP. Eg: Rely on my husband VP PP Listen to the music VP PP Approve of my plan VP PP
5. PP as Adjunct Advbial Adjunct modifies an entire clause. Eg: The children waited in line. The couple is walking their dog along the beach. She failed the test because of her illness.
6. PP as Disjunct Advbial Disjunct Advbial provides additional information to frame of an entire clause. Eg: In my opinion, learning about grammar is fun. For the love of goodness, the children need to stop whining. With all due respect, you need to calm down
IV. Exercise. Identify each PP in the sentences below, and indicate its function. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The students at the hospital were fond of practical jokes In spite of his illness, he tried to complete his own performance. The girl with long blond hair and glasses is Linda. The children insisted on eating candies before their lunch. He always has a desire of becoming an excellent pilot.
Answer key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. At the hospital=>post modifier of NP the student of practical jokes=> complementation of an adj fond in spite of his illness=> disjunct With long blond hair and glasses=> post-modifier of NP the girl On eating candies=> complementation of VP insisted before their lunch=> adjunct Of becoming an excellent pilot=> complementation of NP a desire
Homework: 1. Replace each underlined phrase with suitable PP. Make some changes in the sentence if its necessary. There are some clues for you below: into a habit of due to for + time in spite of a. b. by means of on + V-ing I am used to swimming in the afternoon. I can pass the exam because I worked very hard. c. Although he is a very intelligent student, he still fails to succeed. d. She loves watching the cartoon Tom and Jerry . e. She went to Ho Chi Minh city a month ago. f. He used an umbrella to kill the cat.
Thuyet trinh ngu phap.pptx.yennguyenhoang
Faculty of Foreign Languages- TNU Some information is quoted from the website www.linguisticsgirl.com

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Thuyet trinh ngu phap.pptx.yennguyenhoang

  • 1. THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES GROUP 05: Tr畉n Th畛 Ng畛c Do達n Th炭y Oanh Mai Th畛 Thu Trang Nguy畛n Hong Y畉n Thai Nguyen, 11th Sep., 2013
  • 3. Startup exercise: Fill in the dash: 1. I am afraid being sick. 2. she is interested the game. 3. I am grateful her. 4. sight, mind. 5. we are very worried our tests.
  • 4. Startup exercise: Answer key: 1. I am afraid of being sick. 2. she is interested in the game. 3. I am grateful to her. 4. out of sight, out of mind. 5. we are very worried about our tests.
  • 5. I. Definition 1. Def. OF PREPOSITION -Def. : A word (one of the parts of speech and a member of a closed word class) that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. - Types: + simple : a word Eg: in, on at +complex: >=2 words Eg: out of, along with, up to, . -
  • 6. 2. Def. OF PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE -Def. : A Prepositional Phrase consits of a preposition followed by a prepositional complement, which is characteristically a NP or a wh-clause or V-ing clause. - Eg: PP PP in the garden (believe) in what you say prep. prep. NP( complement) clause(complement) Wh- PP ( keen) on prep. playing football. V-ing clause( complement)
  • 7. II. Structure PP= Prep.( the head) + prepositional Complement simple NP wh- interrogation clause(wh- question) complex wh- relative clause V-ing clause wh-clause that-clause Note: complex prep. - adv or prep+ pre: along with, as for, out of, up to, - v/ adj/ conjunction/ : owing to, due to, thanks to, because of, . - prep+ n+ pre: in front of, in spite of, by means of, in comparision with
  • 8. Examples: slide5 At which house is he staying? Prep. wh-interrogation clause(wh-question) About what are they talking? The book about which I talked is very famous. prep. Relative clause in there , until now. ( now and there are Adv Phrases)
  • 9. Preposition within a sentence. Before its complement In some cases, prep. stands after. Wh-question relative clause famous. wh-clause Phrase. Exclamation which school did you study at? The book which I talked about is very + prep. What Ill talk about is functions of prep. passives what a mess he has got into! He was punished after by all the mistakes he had made. infinitive clause She is possible to work with.
  • 10. Exercise: Underline prepositional phrase(s) in the following sentences: The ship sunk quickly on Tuesday. 2. I usually have dinner with my parents at a restaurant on my births day. 1. 3. To my thought, Johnson might go down with liver cancer for a long time. Under any circumstances, she always keep calm. 5. I was very lazy at studying and I ,as a result, failed the final exam. 4.
  • 11. III. Syntactic functions of PP Prepositional Phrase acts as NP post-modifier, NP Complement, AdjP Complement, AdvP Complement, Adjunct Advbial, Disjunct Advbial.
  • 12. 1. PP as NP modifier PP acts as post-modifier of a NP. Eg: The puppy with the blue and white fur NP PP PP modifies the NP. An old man with glasses. someone for whom the bell tolls.
  • 13. 2. PP as a NP Complementation PP acts as a NP Complement. It completes the meaning of the NP. Eg : passion for reading love of singing fear of mice latest edition of this book.
  • 14. 3. PP as an AdjP complementation Keen on bananas AdjP PP Fond of comic adjP PP Afraid of the darkness. adjP PP
  • 15. 4. PP as VP complentation PP, as VP complementation, completes the meaning of the VP. Eg: Rely on my husband VP PP Listen to the music VP PP Approve of my plan VP PP
  • 16. 5. PP as Adjunct Advbial Adjunct modifies an entire clause. Eg: The children waited in line. The couple is walking their dog along the beach. She failed the test because of her illness.
  • 17. 6. PP as Disjunct Advbial Disjunct Advbial provides additional information to frame of an entire clause. Eg: In my opinion, learning about grammar is fun. For the love of goodness, the children need to stop whining. With all due respect, you need to calm down
  • 18. IV. Exercise. Identify each PP in the sentences below, and indicate its function. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The students at the hospital were fond of practical jokes In spite of his illness, he tried to complete his own performance. The girl with long blond hair and glasses is Linda. The children insisted on eating candies before their lunch. He always has a desire of becoming an excellent pilot.
  • 19. Answer key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. At the hospital=>post modifier of NP the student of practical jokes=> complementation of an adj fond in spite of his illness=> disjunct With long blond hair and glasses=> post-modifier of NP the girl On eating candies=> complementation of VP insisted before their lunch=> adjunct Of becoming an excellent pilot=> complementation of NP a desire
  • 20. Homework: 1. Replace each underlined phrase with suitable PP. Make some changes in the sentence if its necessary. There are some clues for you below: into a habit of due to for + time in spite of a. b. by means of on + V-ing I am used to swimming in the afternoon. I can pass the exam because I worked very hard. c. Although he is a very intelligent student, he still fails to succeed. d. She loves watching the cartoon Tom and Jerry . e. She went to Ho Chi Minh city a month ago. f. He used an umbrella to kill the cat.
  • 22. Faculty of Foreign Languages- TNU Some information is quoted from the website www.linguisticsgirl.com