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SUMIT TIWARI
B.PHARM (AKTU)
M.PHARM (SRK)
4/5/2022 SUMIT TIWARI

Theory :-
 There are several methods used in the water purification process,
which include:
 (1) Physical processes, such as filtration, sedimentation, or
distillation.
 (2) Biological processes :- such as sand filters, active carbon.
 (3) Chemical processes :- such as flocculation, chlorination, the use of
ultraviolet light

1. Boiling
 Boiling water is the cheapest and safest method of water
purification. Water sources and or channels of distribution may
render your water unsafe. For example, parasites and germs are
things you may not see by bare eyes, but their effects can be life
threatening.
 In this method, clean water should be brought to boil and left at
rolling-boil for 1-3 minutes.

Contd.
 For people living in high altitude areas, it is recommended to boil
your water for longer than water boiled at lower altitudes.
 This is because water boils at lower temperatures in higher
altitudes.
 Boiled water should be covered and left to cool before drinking.
For water drawn from wells, leave it for compounds to settle before
you filter out clean water for use.

2. Filtration
 Filtration is one of the effective ways of purifying water and when
using the right multimedia filters it’s effective in ridding water of the
compounds.
 This method uses chemical and physical processes to purify water and
make it safe for human consumption.
 Filtration eliminates both large compounds and small, dangerous
contaminants that cause diseases with a simple and quick filtration
process.

 Since filtration does not deplete all the mineral salts,
water that has been filtered is considered healthier
compared to water purified using other methods.
 It’s one of the effective water purification methods that
utilize chemical absorption process that effectively
removes unwanted compounds from water.

3. Distillation
 Distillation is a water purification method that utilizes heat
to collect pure water in the form of vapor.
 This method is effective by the scientific fact that water has a
lower boiling point than other contaminants and disease-
causing elements found in water.
 Water is subjected to a heat source until it attains its boiling
point. It is then left at the boiling point until it vaporizes.

Contd.
 This vapor is directed into a condenser to cool. Upon
cooling, vapor is reversed into liquid water that is clean
and safe for drinking.
 Other substances that have a higher boiling point are
left as sediments in the container.

Contd.
 This method is effective in removing bacteria, germs,
salts and other heavy metals such as lead, mercury and
arsenic.
 Distillation is ideal for people who have access to raw,
untreated water.

4. Chlorination
 Chlorine is a powerful chemical that has been in use for many years to
treat water for home consumption.
 Chlorine is an effective water purification method that kills germs,
parasites and other disease-causing organisms found in ground or tap
water.
 Water can be purified using chlorine tablets or liquid chlorine.
 As an off-the-shelf water purification product, chlorine is cheap and
effective.

Contd.
 However, caution should be taken when using chlorine liquid or tablets
to treat drinking water.
 For example, people suffering from thyroid problems should talk to a
medical practitioner before using this product.
 When using chlorine tablets, it is important to apply them in heated
water, as they dissolve well in water that is at 21 degree Celsius or
higher.
 Chlorine tablets kill all bacteria leaving your water clean and safe.

Contd.
 Reverse osmosis is the best option, whereas filtering is
good for basic water tasks such as sediment and
chlorine removal.
 Reverse osmosis covers a larger spectrum of
contaminant removal.

End
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