Trigeminal Nerve
- 1. Dr.REVATHY MOHAN Lecturer Malabar Dental College & Research Centre
- 2. Fifth cranial nerve Mixed nerve Sensory meninges - skin of anterior part of head ,nasal & oral cavities -oral cavity (except of pharynx &base of tongue Motor -musles of mastication -mylohyoid -anterior belly of diagastric -tensor tympani tensor veli palatini
- 3. Sensory nuclei from trigeminal ganglion 3 groups: - chief/principal sensory nucleus - spinal nucleus -mesencephalic nucleus Motor nucleus lies in pons medial to chief sensory nucleus
- 4. Trigeminal nerve is attatched to ventral aspect of pons by two roots,a large sensory and a small motor root Motor root lies ventromedial to the sensory root Pass forward in posterior cranial fossa towards apex of petrous temporal bone Two root invaginates dura of posterior cranial fossa below superior petrosal sinus forming trigeminal cave In this cave sensory root joins trigeminal ganglion Motor root lies deep to ganglion and doesnt join it,instead passes out join mandibular nerve just at its emergence from cranial caity in foramen ovale
- 6. Semilunar shape Location Meckels cavity on anterior surface of petrous temporal bone Psuedounipolar neurons Relations; lateral-middle meningeal artery medial internal carotid artery ,cavernous sinus inferior foramen lacerum,greater petrosal nerve,motor root of trigeminal superior- parahippocampal gyrus
- 10. First branch Purely sensory,smallest Supply eyeball conjunctiva lacrimal gland parts of mucous membrane of nose ¶nasal air sinuses skin of forehead,eyelids,and nose Branches : frontal nasociliary lacrimal
- 12. FRONTAL - largest branch - passes through supra orbital superior orbital fissure ,passes forwards above levator palpebrae superioris supra orbital 2 supra trochlear Supraorbital -upper eyelid, scalp as far as parietal bone,lambdoidal suture Supra trochlear -conjunctiva,skin of medial aspect of upper eyelid, skin over lower and mesial aspects of forehead
- 13. NASOCILIARY anterior ethmoidal 2 external nasal Anterior ethmoidal : along with posterior ethmoidal supplies upper part of nasal cavity ,sphenoid & ethmoidal sinus External nasal : skin over apex and tip of nose LACRIMAL supplies lacrimal gland & small area of adjacent skin & conjunctiva
- 14. Purely sensory From first pharyngeal arch Leaves cranium through foramen rotundum Gives off branches in 4 regions within the cranium in pterygopalatine fossa in infraorbital canal on the face
- 16. WITHIN THE CRANIUM small branch middle meningeal nerve sensory innervation to dura mater IN PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA zygomatic nerve pterygopalatine nerves posterior superior alveolar nerves
- 18. ZYGOMATIC NERVE zygomaticotemporal zygomaticofacial Zygomaticotemporal skin on side of forehead Zygomaticofacial skin over prominence of cheek PTERYGOPALATINE NERVES orbital nasal palatine pharyngeal
- 19. Orbital periosteum of orbit Nasal mucous membranes of superior & middle conchae,lining of posterior ethmoidal sinus,& posterior portion of nasal septum nasopalatine nerve palatal mucosa in region of premaxilla posterior superior lateral nasal posterosuperior quadrant of lateral wall of nose Palatine greater palatine lesser palatine greater palatine hard palate except incisor gingiva, some parts of soft palate lesser palatine soft palate Pharyngeal mucous membrane of nasopharynx,posterior to auditory tube
- 21. POSTEROSUPERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVES - sensory innervation to alveoli, periodontal ligaments ,, pulpal tissues of maxillary molars except mesiobuccal root of first molar
- 22. IN INFRAORBITAL CANAL middle superior alveolar nerve anterior superior alveolar nerve Middle superior alveolar nerve mucosa of maxillary sinus , premolars, mesiobuccal root of first molar , periodontal tissues, buccal bone , buccal gingiva Anterior superior alveolar nerve pulpal innervtion to central &lateral incisors & canine,periodontal tissues,buccal bone & mucous membrane forms dental plexus dental nerves interdental branches interradicular branches
- 23. Dental nerves pulpal innervation of all teeth Interdental branches interdental pappillae & buccal gingiva Interradicular branches periodontal ligaments of adjacent roots
- 24. ON FACE inferior palpebral external nasal superior labial Inferior palpebral skin of lower eyelid External nasal skin on lateral aspect of nose Superior labial skin & mucous membrane of upper lip
- 25. Largest branch of trigeminal Mixed nerve Sensory root- a)skin temporal region auricula external auditory meatus cheek lower lip chin region b)mucous membrane cheek anterior 2/3rd of tongue mastoid cells mandibular teeth bone of mandible tmj parotid gland
- 26. Motor root masticatory muscles mylohyoid anterior belly of diagastric tensor tympani tensor veli palatani BRANCHES at 3 areas : branches from undivided nerve branches from anterior division branches from posterior division
- 29. UNDIVIDED NERVE nervous spinosus nerve to medial pterygoid muscle Nervous spinosous dura mater& mastoid cells Nerve to medial pterygoid tensor veli palatini& tensor tympani ANTERIOR DIVISION motor muscles of mastication sensory mucous membrane of cheek,buccal mucous membrane of mandibular molars branches nerve to lateral pterygoid nerve to masseter nerve to temporal buccal nerve
- 30. POSTERIOR DIVISION auriculotemporal nerve lingual nerve mylohyoid nerve inferior alveolar nerve
- 31. Auriculotemporal nerve communicates with facial nerve , otic ganglion anterior auricular branches skin over helix & tragus of ear branches to external auditory meatus articular branches to posterior portion of temporomandibular joint superficial temporal branches over temporal region
- 32. Lingual nerve sensory tract to anterior two third of tongue general sensation + gustatory Mylohyoid nerve mixed nerve motor mylohyoid , anterior belly of diagastric sensory skin on inferior and anterior surface of mental protruberance,rarely to mandibular incisors &mesial root of mandibular first molar Inferior alveolar nerve largest branch of mandibular division incisive mental skin of chin ,mucous membrane of lower lip