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Trimaster v2-bsr-2013

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This presentation gives a summary on the development of the Cambridge Trimaster which is an apparatus for studying the fast filament stretching, thinning and break up of low viscosity fluids. The apparatus is particularly relevant to ink jet fluids

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IFM Cambridge December 2013 Fast Filament Stretching, Thinning and Breakup By Malcolm Mackley, Simon Butler, Damien Vadillo, Tri Tuladhar, Stephen Hoath and Stewart Huxley Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK. 1
Tri Tuladhar Xaar Steve Hoath Cam IFM Stewart Huxley Huxley Bertram Damien Vadillo Akzo Simon Butler 2 Chem Eng Cam
MRM last BSR Presentation London 2011 This could be the last time, this could be the last time, maybe the last time, I dont know.
Slow Filament Stretching On the coefficient of viscous traction and its relation to that of viscosity Fred Trouton Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 1906 strain rate matrix ワ 0 ii + P = 2 ワii 0 ワ 0 0 2 0 0 ワ 2 The Trouton Ratio 11 + P = 2 ワ 22 + P = - 2 11 - 22 e ワ 2 = 3 ワ = e ワ = 3 4
M1 Fluid Extensional viscosity muddle David James and Ken Walters, A.A. Collyer (Ed.), Techniques of Rheological Measurement, Elsevier,NewYork, 1994, pp. 3353. Chris. Petrie Extensional viscosity: A critical discussion J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 137 (2006) 1523 5
Filament thinning Newtonian modelling zz P 2 zz 0 rr P 2 rr 2 / D D E zz rr 3 2 / D Mass Balance D 1 D 2 P D (t ) D 0 3 t 6
Filament thinning D (t ) D 0 3 t 7
Filament thinning A.V.Bazilevsky, V.M. Entov and A.N.Rozhkov 3rd European Rheology Conference 1990 Ed D.R.Oliver The Russian Rheotester C A zz B E Top plate 15 cm D Bottom plate 8 rr
Liang and Mackley (1994) Extensional Rheotester S1 fluid PIB solutions D (t ) D 0 3 t 9 R. Liang and M.R. Mackley. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 52, 387-405 (1994).
Liang and Mackley (1994)- Viscoelastic fluids S1 fluid First approximation 1 D ( t ) D 0 exp 3 R t Viscoelastic modelling (John Hinch) PIB solutions D / D g / 3 g D(t) D 0 exp 3侶 t 10
Multipass Rheometer (MPR) Filament Stretch Rheometer The MK1 Cambridge Trimaster Vp D R(z,t) Top Piston Rmid(t) Lf L0 Bottom Piston Vp (a) Test fluid positioned between two pistons. (b) Test fluid stretched uniaxially (c) Filament thinning and break up occurrence after pistons has stopped. at a uniform velocity. t0 t<0 Tuladhar, T.R. and Mackley, M.R., Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 148 97-108. (2008) 11
Lodge Commemorative Meeting on Rheometry Miskin Manor Cardiff 10 -12th April, 2006 Filament profile just before break up DEP DEP + 5.0 wt% 1.2 mm t = 7 ms t = 2 ms
The MK 2 Cambridge Trimaster A dream turning into a reality Toothed belt timing pulley Linear guide rail Carrier Timing belt Replaceable top and bottom plate Stepper motor attached to a pulley 13 Graphics courtesy of James Waldmeyer
Drive belt Piston Linear traverse Motor drive a b High speed camera Fibre optic light Cambridge Trimaster 14
Piston response 5000 10 mm/s 100 mm/s 500 mm/s 4000 Top piston position (mm) 3000 2000 1000 c 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time (ms) 15
The TriMaster Filament stretch and break up apparatus piston sample belt pulley Initial gap 0.2 mm, Final gap 1.2 mm Piston diameter 1.2 mm, Piston velocity 100 mm/s16
17
Filament thinning DEP DEP + 2.5% PS110 Piston velocity 0.15 m/s D.C.Vadillo, T.Tuladhar, A.C. Mulji, S. Jung, S.D. Hoath,and M.R. Mackley Journal of Rheology 54, 2 .261-282 (2010) 18
Mid filament diameter time evolution 1200 0% 0.50% 1% 2.50% 5% 1000 800 D (mm ) 600 400 200 0 0 10 20 30 40 Time ( ms ) 19
Transient Trouton viscosity ratios 250 DEP-0%PS DEP-0.5%PS DEP-1%PS DEP-2.5%PS DEP-5%PS 200 Trouton ratio E 0 150 100 50 0 0 2 4 Hencky 6 8 10 D strain , 2 ln 0 D t 20
Mk 3 Cambridge Trimaster Light weight voice coils The Ideas Studio (Company now dissolved) a b Nearly worked but.. 21
Separation velocities Texture Analyser Caber MPR Mk1 Trimaster Mk2 Trimaster Mk3 Trimaster HB4 Trimaster Ink Jetting velocity Single Piston m/s 0.040 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.2 2.25 Double Piston m/s 0.15 0.15 0.4 4.5 6.0 22
The MK 4 HB4 Cambridge Trimaster 23
Trimaster development: the HB4 Overhead view of the instrument Camera Close up of the pistons Drive wheel Top piston Bottom piston Arms holding Light source the pistons
Trimaster HB4 operation
1600 1400 1200 Piston separation 1000 / 亮m 2.25 m/s 800 2.00 m/s 1.00 m/s 0.50 m/s 600 0.20 m/s 0.10 m/s 400 -2 -1 0 1 2 Time / ms 3 4 5 6 26
Speed is of the essence; HB4 vs Mk2 Trimaster Piston displacement 1.6 Total filament height (mm) 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 MK2-Sample height-150 mm/s MK4-Sample height- 1m/s 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.00 5.00 10.00 Time (s) 15.00 20.00 HB4 27
Base case; solvent only 06A-Ink 6-DPM-18k 10000 1.60 During and after stretching 1.20 06A-Ink 6-DPM-18k 1000 1.00 total sample ht 0.80 0.60 100 0.40 Sample height ((mm) Filament diameter (袖m) 1.40 0.20 10 0.00 -2 0 2 4 Time,t, (ms) Solvent DPM 28
Polymer additive; does matter Concentrated Resin solution (Resin 1, Resin 2 and Resin 3) Filament diameter,D, (袖m ) 600 After stretching 500 07A-Ink 7-Resin 1-celluose -80kMW-5percent-18K 08A-Ink 8-Resin 2-celluose -370k MW-5percent-18K 09A-Ink 9-Resin 3-acrylic -30kMW-20percent-18K 400 300 200 100 0 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 Time, t, (ms) 29
Sorting out the good from the bad Commercial ceramic good and bad inks Filament diameter,D, (袖m ) 500 After stretching 450 400 30A-Ink A1-Ceramic Sinker-Good jetting-18K 31A-Ink A2-Ceramic Yellow-Bad jetting-18K 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Time, t, (ms) Good ink Bad ink 30
The Rheology and Processing Triangle LVE Rheology Piezo Axial Vibrator (PAV) NLVE Extensional HB4 Trimaster 1000 G' Complex viscosity, *, (mPa.s) eta* G" 100 10 1 1 10 100 1000 0.1 10000 Elastic (G') & viscous (G") modulus, (Pa) 14A-DPM and 6_6 percent Resin 3 10 Ink Jet Processing Frequency (Hz) 31
Conclusions HB4 Cambridge Trimaster Can follow fast filament stretch thinning and breakup process of low viscosity fluids. There is a link between ink jet processing and HB4 data. (See Steve Hoath presentation) Acknowledgments EPSRC and industrial partners in Next Generation Ink Jet Consortium 32

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Trimaster v2-bsr-2013

  • 1. IFM Cambridge December 2013 Fast Filament Stretching, Thinning and Breakup By Malcolm Mackley, Simon Butler, Damien Vadillo, Tri Tuladhar, Stephen Hoath and Stewart Huxley Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK. 1
  • 2. Tri Tuladhar Xaar Steve Hoath Cam IFM Stewart Huxley Huxley Bertram Damien Vadillo Akzo Simon Butler 2 Chem Eng Cam
  • 3. MRM last BSR Presentation London 2011 This could be the last time, this could be the last time, maybe the last time, I dont know.
  • 4. Slow Filament Stretching On the coefficient of viscous traction and its relation to that of viscosity Fred Trouton Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 1906 strain rate matrix ワ 0 ii + P = 2 ワii 0 ワ 0 0 2 0 0 ワ 2 The Trouton Ratio 11 + P = 2 ワ 22 + P = - 2 11 - 22 e ワ 2 = 3 ワ = e ワ = 3 4
  • 5. M1 Fluid Extensional viscosity muddle David James and Ken Walters, A.A. Collyer (Ed.), Techniques of Rheological Measurement, Elsevier,NewYork, 1994, pp. 3353. Chris. Petrie Extensional viscosity: A critical discussion J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 137 (2006) 1523 5
  • 6. Filament thinning Newtonian modelling zz P 2 zz 0 rr P 2 rr 2 / D D E zz rr 3 2 / D Mass Balance D 1 D 2 P D (t ) D 0 3 t 6
  • 8. Filament thinning A.V.Bazilevsky, V.M. Entov and A.N.Rozhkov 3rd European Rheology Conference 1990 Ed D.R.Oliver The Russian Rheotester C A zz B E Top plate 15 cm D Bottom plate 8 rr
  • 9. Liang and Mackley (1994) Extensional Rheotester S1 fluid PIB solutions D (t ) D 0 3 t 9 R. Liang and M.R. Mackley. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 52, 387-405 (1994).
  • 10. Liang and Mackley (1994)- Viscoelastic fluids S1 fluid First approximation 1 D ( t ) D 0 exp 3 R t Viscoelastic modelling (John Hinch) PIB solutions D / D g / 3 g D(t) D 0 exp 3侶 t 10
  • 11. Multipass Rheometer (MPR) Filament Stretch Rheometer The MK1 Cambridge Trimaster Vp D R(z,t) Top Piston Rmid(t) Lf L0 Bottom Piston Vp (a) Test fluid positioned between two pistons. (b) Test fluid stretched uniaxially (c) Filament thinning and break up occurrence after pistons has stopped. at a uniform velocity. t0 t<0 Tuladhar, T.R. and Mackley, M.R., Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 148 97-108. (2008) 11
  • 12. Lodge Commemorative Meeting on Rheometry Miskin Manor Cardiff 10 -12th April, 2006 Filament profile just before break up DEP DEP + 5.0 wt% 1.2 mm t = 7 ms t = 2 ms
  • 13. The MK 2 Cambridge Trimaster A dream turning into a reality Toothed belt timing pulley Linear guide rail Carrier Timing belt Replaceable top and bottom plate Stepper motor attached to a pulley 13 Graphics courtesy of James Waldmeyer
  • 15. Piston response 5000 10 mm/s 100 mm/s 500 mm/s 4000 Top piston position (mm) 3000 2000 1000 c 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time (ms) 15
  • 16. The TriMaster Filament stretch and break up apparatus piston sample belt pulley Initial gap 0.2 mm, Final gap 1.2 mm Piston diameter 1.2 mm, Piston velocity 100 mm/s16
  • 17. 17
  • 18. Filament thinning DEP DEP + 2.5% PS110 Piston velocity 0.15 m/s D.C.Vadillo, T.Tuladhar, A.C. Mulji, S. Jung, S.D. Hoath,and M.R. Mackley Journal of Rheology 54, 2 .261-282 (2010) 18
  • 19. Mid filament diameter time evolution 1200 0% 0.50% 1% 2.50% 5% 1000 800 D (mm ) 600 400 200 0 0 10 20 30 40 Time ( ms ) 19
  • 20. Transient Trouton viscosity ratios 250 DEP-0%PS DEP-0.5%PS DEP-1%PS DEP-2.5%PS DEP-5%PS 200 Trouton ratio E 0 150 100 50 0 0 2 4 Hencky 6 8 10 D strain , 2 ln 0 D t 20
  • 21. Mk 3 Cambridge Trimaster Light weight voice coils The Ideas Studio (Company now dissolved) a b Nearly worked but.. 21
  • 22. Separation velocities Texture Analyser Caber MPR Mk1 Trimaster Mk2 Trimaster Mk3 Trimaster HB4 Trimaster Ink Jetting velocity Single Piston m/s 0.040 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.2 2.25 Double Piston m/s 0.15 0.15 0.4 4.5 6.0 22
  • 23. The MK 4 HB4 Cambridge Trimaster 23
  • 24. Trimaster development: the HB4 Overhead view of the instrument Camera Close up of the pistons Drive wheel Top piston Bottom piston Arms holding Light source the pistons
  • 26. 1600 1400 1200 Piston separation 1000 / 亮m 2.25 m/s 800 2.00 m/s 1.00 m/s 0.50 m/s 600 0.20 m/s 0.10 m/s 400 -2 -1 0 1 2 Time / ms 3 4 5 6 26
  • 27. Speed is of the essence; HB4 vs Mk2 Trimaster Piston displacement 1.6 Total filament height (mm) 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 MK2-Sample height-150 mm/s MK4-Sample height- 1m/s 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.00 5.00 10.00 Time (s) 15.00 20.00 HB4 27
  • 28. Base case; solvent only 06A-Ink 6-DPM-18k 10000 1.60 During and after stretching 1.20 06A-Ink 6-DPM-18k 1000 1.00 total sample ht 0.80 0.60 100 0.40 Sample height ((mm) Filament diameter (袖m) 1.40 0.20 10 0.00 -2 0 2 4 Time,t, (ms) Solvent DPM 28
  • 29. Polymer additive; does matter Concentrated Resin solution (Resin 1, Resin 2 and Resin 3) Filament diameter,D, (袖m ) 600 After stretching 500 07A-Ink 7-Resin 1-celluose -80kMW-5percent-18K 08A-Ink 8-Resin 2-celluose -370k MW-5percent-18K 09A-Ink 9-Resin 3-acrylic -30kMW-20percent-18K 400 300 200 100 0 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 Time, t, (ms) 29
  • 30. Sorting out the good from the bad Commercial ceramic good and bad inks Filament diameter,D, (袖m ) 500 After stretching 450 400 30A-Ink A1-Ceramic Sinker-Good jetting-18K 31A-Ink A2-Ceramic Yellow-Bad jetting-18K 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Time, t, (ms) Good ink Bad ink 30
  • 31. The Rheology and Processing Triangle LVE Rheology Piezo Axial Vibrator (PAV) NLVE Extensional HB4 Trimaster 1000 G' Complex viscosity, *, (mPa.s) eta* G" 100 10 1 1 10 100 1000 0.1 10000 Elastic (G') & viscous (G") modulus, (Pa) 14A-DPM and 6_6 percent Resin 3 10 Ink Jet Processing Frequency (Hz) 31
  • 32. Conclusions HB4 Cambridge Trimaster Can follow fast filament stretch thinning and breakup process of low viscosity fluids. There is a link between ink jet processing and HB4 data. (See Steve Hoath presentation) Acknowledgments EPSRC and industrial partners in Next Generation Ink Jet Consortium 32