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Technological University of Parana State in Curitiba, Brazil
Technological University of Parana State in Curitiba, Brazil

This document discusses research on low-cost alternatives for social housing in Brazil. It describes studies evaluating various bioclimatic techniques, including using concrete rubble, Tetrapak sheets, PET bottles, and Trombe walls to improve the thermal performance of low-cost housing. It also outlines ongoing research on vernacular indigenous architecture and a slum upgrading project applying learned technologies. The overall document examines strategies for improving social housing and reducing the housing deficit in Brazil through sustainable and low-cost building materials and techniques.

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RESEARCH ON LOW-COSTRESEARCH ON LOW-COST ALTERNATIVES FOR SOCIALALTERNATIVES FOR SOCIAL HOUSING IN BRAZILHOUSING IN BRAZIL Prof. Dr. Eduardo Kr端ger Universidade Tecnol坦gica Federal do Paran叩, Curitiba PR, Brazil BRAZILIAN-GERMAN FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIA Brasilia, Nov 8-11 2012 - Session CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF ECOLOGICAL HOUSING
Social Housing in Brazil Bioclimatic approach Techniques evaluated OutlineOutline
NumbersNumbers LOCALIDADE ANO 2007 2008 Regi達o Norte 610.354 555.130 Regi達o Nordeste 2.095.891 1.946.735 Regi達o Sudeste 2.226.561 2.046.312 Regi達o Sul 656.796 580.893 Regi達o Centro-Oeste 399.462 417.240 BRASIL 5.989.064 5.546.310 Fonte: D辿ficit Habitacional no Brasil 2008 - Minist辿rio das Cidades / Funda巽達o Jo達o Pinheiro-FJP. Presently 6.273.000 dwellings (2013)
NumbersNumbers Fonte: D辿ficit Habitacional no Brasil 2008 - Minist辿rio das Cidades / Funda巽達o Jo達o Pinheiro-FJP. Current minimum wage in Brazil (2013): US $337 LOCALIDADE FAIXAS DE RENDA MDIA FAMILIAR MENSAL (em sal叩rios m鱈nimos) at辿 3 mais de 3 a 5 mais de 5 a 10 mais de 10 TOTAL (2) Regi達o Norte 88,6 7,8 3,0 0,6 100,0 Regi達o Nordeste 95,6 2,8 1,2 0,4 100,0 Regi達o Sudeste 87,5 8,7 3,2 0,6 100,0 Rio de Janeiro 88,9 6,6 3,6 0,8 100,0 S達o Paulo 84,5 11,1 3,7 0,6 100,0 Regi達o Sul 83,4 11,4 4,5 0,7 100,0 Regi達o Centro-Oeste 89,9 5,3 3,3 1,4 100,0 BRASIL 89,6 7,0 2,8 0,6 100,0 in US $ < $1011 $1011-$1685 $1685-$3370 > $3371
STRATEGIES - POLICIESSTRATEGIES - POLICIES Formal policies Pol鱈tica Nacional de Habita巽達o (PNH) Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) Plano Estadual de Habita巽達o de Interesse Social (PEHIS) Plano Local de Habita巽達o de Interesse Social (PLHI) Informal solutions Slum upgrading (reabilita巽達o urbana)
STRATEGIES - POLICIESSTRATEGIES - POLICIES Slum upgrading (reabilita巽達o urbana) HELPING PEOPLE TO HELP THEMSELVES In 1972, John F. C. Turner published his book, Freedom to Build, in which he argued for a theoretical strategy to solve the problem of slums. He argued that governments should not try to tackle the housing problem itself, but all of the components of the area. Thus, by implementing good sewage and clean water and good paths for people to walk on, people would gradually better their abodes on their own. <Wikipedia> ...... The role of public universitiesThe role of public universities
BIOCLIMATIC APPROACHBIOCLIMATIC APPROACH
BIOCLIMATIC APPROACHBIOCLIMATIC APPROACH Bioclimatic zoning in Brazil Zoneamento Bioclim叩tico Original NBR 15220 Desempenho T辿rmico de Edifica巽探es Habitacionais Unifamiliares de Interesse Social (ABNT, 2005) [terceira parte da norma: primeira vers達o do Zoneamento Bioclim叩tico Brasileiro]
BIOCLIMATIC APPROACHBIOCLIMATIC APPROACH Bioclimatic zoning in Brazil Design guidelines (for social housing)
Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses in Curitiba Technological Village of Curitiba, 120 houses, 100 of them occupied, 20 show-rooms, different building systems Thermal monitoring Ta and RH with data-loggers in winter 2000 and in summer 2000/2001 Results interpreted relative to buildings characteristics
BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 1BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 1 Design guidelines (for social housing)
Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses Description Concrete panels Wood panels Wood panels Mineralized wood boards Polystyrene plastered boards Earth cement bricks Hardwood boards Masonry, insulated Lightweight concrete panels Fiber cement panels Concrete panels with inner air layer Concrete boards Concrete panels with inner air layer Concrete panels with polystyrene inner layer Ceramic hollow blocks Concrete hollow blocks Concrete boards Concrete panels
Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses (WINTER)
Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses (SUMMER)
Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses (WINTER-SUMMER / Comfort)
How to improve???How to improve??? Studies on alternativeStudies on alternative building materials andbuilding materials and techniquestechniques
USE OF CONCRETE RUBBLEUSE OF CONCRETE RUBBLE Marcio Komenos study on the use of rubble to increase thermal mass in Brasilia (UNB) TC1 hollow concrete blocks TC2 concrete blocks with rubble TC3 concrete blocks with rubble and plaster
BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 4BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 4 Design guidelines (for social housing)
USE OF CONCRETE RUBBLEUSE OF CONCRETE RUBBLE Marcio Komenos study on the use of rubble to increase thermal mass in Brasilia (UNB)
USE OF TETRAPAKUSE OF TETRAPAK Graziela Suetake卒s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as low-e material in roofs in Curitiba Test-cells concrete blocks, light concrete blocks, ceramic 1m続 internal volume
USE OF TETRAPAKUSE OF TETRAPAK Graziela Suetake卒s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as low-e material in roofs 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00horas T(属C) abrigo cel isopor cel calc sem isol cel calc Tetra Pak telha cel calc foil cel calc Tetra Pak interior Performance in summer similar to that of a 5cm styrofoam boards 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 horas T(属C) cel isopor cel calc sem isol cel calc TETRAPAK interior
USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of insulated concrete blocks (ISOPET) in Curitiba Thermal performance analysis of a building prototype - in winter / summer SALA A: 11,52m族A: 2,40m族 BWC HALL A: 1,42m族 A: 5,12m族 CHURRASQ. A: 24,50 m族 PLANTA PROJEO COBERTURA Pt. 10 Pt. 1 Pt. 3 Pt. 8 Pt. 4; Pt. 5; Pt. 6 Pt. 7 Pt. 9 Pt. 2 SENSORES
USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of insulated concrete blocks (ISOPET) in Curitiba Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in Brazil classified according to IPT卒s rating scheme IPT-inverno Crit辿rios IPT-ver達o Crit辿rios Cidade A B C Cidade A B C Fortaleza 365 0 0 Bras鱈lia 365 0 0 S達o Lu鱈s 365 0 0 Fortaleza 365 0 0 Natal 365 0 0 S達o Lu鱈s 365 0 0 Recife 365 0 0 Natal 365 0 0 Vit坦ria 362 3 0 Vit坦ria 365 0 0 Maring叩 311 49 5 Recife 365 0 0 Florian坦polis 290 67 8 Maring叩 364 1 0 Bras鱈lia 269 95 1 Florian坦polis 359 6 0 S達o Paulo 209 155 1 S達o Paulo 349 16 0 Porto Alegre 201 133 31 Porto Alegre 332 33 0 Curitiba 119 185 61 Curitiba 314 49 2
USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Francisco dos Santoss study on the use of PET bottles as a lighting source for Curitiba Sources: RECICLA E DECORA (2012), Equipe de obra (2012)
USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Francisco dos Santoss study on the use of PET bottles as a lighting source for Curitiba
USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Francisco dos Santoss study on the use of PET bottles as a lighting source for Curitiba 290 327 114 171 346 999 1557 421 626 14881515 885 344 862 1455 4759 3391 745 2156 2959 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 config1 config2 config3 config4 config5 Eint(lux) Configura巽探es Eint_inv_8h CC Eint_inv_12h CC Eint_ver_8h CC Eint_ver_12h CC Clear sky conditions calculated from estimated external illuminances given by DLN software (Eint/Eext factor obtained from measurements on a clear day) Overcast conditions calculated from estimated external illuminances given by DLN software (Eint/Eext factor obtained from measurements on a clear day) 74 83 29 43 88 194 302 82 122 289286 167 65 163 275 823 587 129 373 512 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 config1 config2 config3 config4 config5 Eint(lux) Configura巽探es Eint_inv_8h CE Eint_inv_12h CE Eint_ver_8h CE Eint_ver_12h CE
TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY Eimi Suzukis study
TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY Eimi Suzukis study Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil degree- days approach
TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY Eimi Suzukis study Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil degree- days approach, for different modes of operation of the openings Graphs show normalized data for winter-spring (left) and summer periods (right)
TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY Eimi Suzukis study Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil degree- days approach, for different modes of operation of the openings Graph shows degree days for cooling and heating (two months in winter and summer)
ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS
ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS Vernacular indigenous architectureVernacular indigenous architecture Buried structures (estruturas subterr但neas) from the Itarare tradition study on the indigenous use of soil thermal mass
ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS Vernacular indigenous architectureVernacular indigenous architecture Current state and planned roof construction for indoor thermal monitoring
ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS Vernacular indigenous architectureVernacular indigenous architecture Method adopted by Etzion et al. for monitoring a semi-buried house in the Negev desert, Israel
ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS Slum upgrading project in Vila NovaSlum upgrading project in Vila Nova Esperan巽aEsperan巽a Possible technologies to be applied in low-cost houses: 1)Tetrapak roof insulation (and perhaps wall insulation) 2)PET bottles for daylighting
Vielen Dank f端r IhreVielen Dank f端r Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!Aufmerksamkeit! Contact : ekruger@utfpr.edu.brContact : ekruger@utfpr.edu.br BRAZILIAN-GERMAN FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIA Brasilia, Nov 8-11 2012 - Session CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF ECOLOGICAL

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Tu kaiserslautern

  • 1. RESEARCH ON LOW-COSTRESEARCH ON LOW-COST ALTERNATIVES FOR SOCIALALTERNATIVES FOR SOCIAL HOUSING IN BRAZILHOUSING IN BRAZIL Prof. Dr. Eduardo Kr端ger Universidade Tecnol坦gica Federal do Paran叩, Curitiba PR, Brazil BRAZILIAN-GERMAN FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIA Brasilia, Nov 8-11 2012 - Session CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF ECOLOGICAL HOUSING
  • 2. Social Housing in Brazil Bioclimatic approach Techniques evaluated OutlineOutline
  • 3. NumbersNumbers LOCALIDADE ANO 2007 2008 Regi達o Norte 610.354 555.130 Regi達o Nordeste 2.095.891 1.946.735 Regi達o Sudeste 2.226.561 2.046.312 Regi達o Sul 656.796 580.893 Regi達o Centro-Oeste 399.462 417.240 BRASIL 5.989.064 5.546.310 Fonte: D辿ficit Habitacional no Brasil 2008 - Minist辿rio das Cidades / Funda巽達o Jo達o Pinheiro-FJP. Presently 6.273.000 dwellings (2013)
  • 4. NumbersNumbers Fonte: D辿ficit Habitacional no Brasil 2008 - Minist辿rio das Cidades / Funda巽達o Jo達o Pinheiro-FJP. Current minimum wage in Brazil (2013): US $337 LOCALIDADE FAIXAS DE RENDA MDIA FAMILIAR MENSAL (em sal叩rios m鱈nimos) at辿 3 mais de 3 a 5 mais de 5 a 10 mais de 10 TOTAL (2) Regi達o Norte 88,6 7,8 3,0 0,6 100,0 Regi達o Nordeste 95,6 2,8 1,2 0,4 100,0 Regi達o Sudeste 87,5 8,7 3,2 0,6 100,0 Rio de Janeiro 88,9 6,6 3,6 0,8 100,0 S達o Paulo 84,5 11,1 3,7 0,6 100,0 Regi達o Sul 83,4 11,4 4,5 0,7 100,0 Regi達o Centro-Oeste 89,9 5,3 3,3 1,4 100,0 BRASIL 89,6 7,0 2,8 0,6 100,0 in US $ < $1011 $1011-$1685 $1685-$3370 > $3371
  • 5. STRATEGIES - POLICIESSTRATEGIES - POLICIES Formal policies Pol鱈tica Nacional de Habita巽達o (PNH) Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) Plano Estadual de Habita巽達o de Interesse Social (PEHIS) Plano Local de Habita巽達o de Interesse Social (PLHI) Informal solutions Slum upgrading (reabilita巽達o urbana)
  • 6. STRATEGIES - POLICIESSTRATEGIES - POLICIES Slum upgrading (reabilita巽達o urbana) HELPING PEOPLE TO HELP THEMSELVES In 1972, John F. C. Turner published his book, Freedom to Build, in which he argued for a theoretical strategy to solve the problem of slums. He argued that governments should not try to tackle the housing problem itself, but all of the components of the area. Thus, by implementing good sewage and clean water and good paths for people to walk on, people would gradually better their abodes on their own. <Wikipedia> ...... The role of public universitiesThe role of public universities
  • 8. BIOCLIMATIC APPROACHBIOCLIMATIC APPROACH Bioclimatic zoning in Brazil Zoneamento Bioclim叩tico Original NBR 15220 Desempenho T辿rmico de Edifica巽探es Habitacionais Unifamiliares de Interesse Social (ABNT, 2005) [terceira parte da norma: primeira vers達o do Zoneamento Bioclim叩tico Brasileiro]
  • 9. BIOCLIMATIC APPROACHBIOCLIMATIC APPROACH Bioclimatic zoning in Brazil Design guidelines (for social housing)
  • 10. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses in Curitiba Technological Village of Curitiba, 120 houses, 100 of them occupied, 20 show-rooms, different building systems Thermal monitoring Ta and RH with data-loggers in winter 2000 and in summer 2000/2001 Results interpreted relative to buildings characteristics
  • 11. BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 1BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 1 Design guidelines (for social housing)
  • 12. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses Description Concrete panels Wood panels Wood panels Mineralized wood boards Polystyrene plastered boards Earth cement bricks Hardwood boards Masonry, insulated Lightweight concrete panels Fiber cement panels Concrete panels with inner air layer Concrete boards Concrete panels with inner air layer Concrete panels with polystyrene inner layer Ceramic hollow blocks Concrete hollow blocks Concrete boards Concrete panels
  • 13. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses (WINTER)
  • 14. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses (SUMMER)
  • 15. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance Eliane Dumkes study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost houses (WINTER-SUMMER / Comfort)
  • 16. How to improve???How to improve??? Studies on alternativeStudies on alternative building materials andbuilding materials and techniquestechniques
  • 17. USE OF CONCRETE RUBBLEUSE OF CONCRETE RUBBLE Marcio Komenos study on the use of rubble to increase thermal mass in Brasilia (UNB) TC1 hollow concrete blocks TC2 concrete blocks with rubble TC3 concrete blocks with rubble and plaster
  • 18. BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 4BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 4 Design guidelines (for social housing)
  • 19. USE OF CONCRETE RUBBLEUSE OF CONCRETE RUBBLE Marcio Komenos study on the use of rubble to increase thermal mass in Brasilia (UNB)
  • 20. USE OF TETRAPAKUSE OF TETRAPAK Graziela Suetake卒s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as low-e material in roofs in Curitiba Test-cells concrete blocks, light concrete blocks, ceramic 1m続 internal volume
  • 21. USE OF TETRAPAKUSE OF TETRAPAK Graziela Suetake卒s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as low-e material in roofs 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00horas T(属C) abrigo cel isopor cel calc sem isol cel calc Tetra Pak telha cel calc foil cel calc Tetra Pak interior Performance in summer similar to that of a 5cm styrofoam boards 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 horas T(属C) cel isopor cel calc sem isol cel calc TETRAPAK interior
  • 22. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of insulated concrete blocks (ISOPET) in Curitiba Thermal performance analysis of a building prototype - in winter / summer SALA A: 11,52m族A: 2,40m族 BWC HALL A: 1,42m族 A: 5,12m族 CHURRASQ. A: 24,50 m族 PLANTA PROJEO COBERTURA Pt. 10 Pt. 1 Pt. 3 Pt. 8 Pt. 4; Pt. 5; Pt. 6 Pt. 7 Pt. 9 Pt. 2 SENSORES
  • 23. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of insulated concrete blocks (ISOPET) in Curitiba Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in Brazil classified according to IPT卒s rating scheme IPT-inverno Crit辿rios IPT-ver達o Crit辿rios Cidade A B C Cidade A B C Fortaleza 365 0 0 Bras鱈lia 365 0 0 S達o Lu鱈s 365 0 0 Fortaleza 365 0 0 Natal 365 0 0 S達o Lu鱈s 365 0 0 Recife 365 0 0 Natal 365 0 0 Vit坦ria 362 3 0 Vit坦ria 365 0 0 Maring叩 311 49 5 Recife 365 0 0 Florian坦polis 290 67 8 Maring叩 364 1 0 Bras鱈lia 269 95 1 Florian坦polis 359 6 0 S達o Paulo 209 155 1 S達o Paulo 349 16 0 Porto Alegre 201 133 31 Porto Alegre 332 33 0 Curitiba 119 185 61 Curitiba 314 49 2
  • 24. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Francisco dos Santoss study on the use of PET bottles as a lighting source for Curitiba Sources: RECICLA E DECORA (2012), Equipe de obra (2012)
  • 25. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Francisco dos Santoss study on the use of PET bottles as a lighting source for Curitiba
  • 26. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES Francisco dos Santoss study on the use of PET bottles as a lighting source for Curitiba 290 327 114 171 346 999 1557 421 626 14881515 885 344 862 1455 4759 3391 745 2156 2959 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 config1 config2 config3 config4 config5 Eint(lux) Configura巽探es Eint_inv_8h CC Eint_inv_12h CC Eint_ver_8h CC Eint_ver_12h CC Clear sky conditions calculated from estimated external illuminances given by DLN software (Eint/Eext factor obtained from measurements on a clear day) Overcast conditions calculated from estimated external illuminances given by DLN software (Eint/Eext factor obtained from measurements on a clear day) 74 83 29 43 88 194 302 82 122 289286 167 65 163 275 823 587 129 373 512 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 config1 config2 config3 config4 config5 Eint(lux) Configura巽探es Eint_inv_8h CE Eint_inv_12h CE Eint_ver_8h CE Eint_ver_12h CE
  • 27. TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY Eimi Suzukis study
  • 28. TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY Eimi Suzukis study Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil degree- days approach
  • 29. TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY Eimi Suzukis study Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil degree- days approach, for different modes of operation of the openings Graphs show normalized data for winter-spring (left) and summer periods (right)
  • 30. TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY Eimi Suzukis study Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil degree- days approach, for different modes of operation of the openings Graph shows degree days for cooling and heating (two months in winter and summer)
  • 32. ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS Vernacular indigenous architectureVernacular indigenous architecture Buried structures (estruturas subterr但neas) from the Itarare tradition study on the indigenous use of soil thermal mass
  • 33. ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS Vernacular indigenous architectureVernacular indigenous architecture Current state and planned roof construction for indoor thermal monitoring
  • 34. ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS Vernacular indigenous architectureVernacular indigenous architecture Method adopted by Etzion et al. for monitoring a semi-buried house in the Negev desert, Israel
  • 35. ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS Slum upgrading project in Vila NovaSlum upgrading project in Vila Nova Esperan巽aEsperan巽a Possible technologies to be applied in low-cost houses: 1)Tetrapak roof insulation (and perhaps wall insulation) 2)PET bottles for daylighting
  • 36. Vielen Dank f端r IhreVielen Dank f端r Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!Aufmerksamkeit! Contact : ekruger@utfpr.edu.brContact : ekruger@utfpr.edu.br BRAZILIAN-GERMAN FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIA Brasilia, Nov 8-11 2012 - Session CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF ECOLOGICAL