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Turbo pascal

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Vien Rivera

Turbo Pascal is a programming language developed in the 1970s to teach structured programming concepts. It enforces rules around program structure, flow of control, and variable declarations. A basic Pascal program has a heading, declarations section, and input, processing, and output sections. It uses data types like integers, reals, characters, and strings. Common input statements are Read, Readln, and Readkey while output statements include Write and Writeln.

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TURBO PASCAL Pascal programming language was developed by Niklaus Wirth Swiss computer scientist in early 1970. This programming language is designed intentionally to teach structured programming concepts, principles, and paradigm future programmers. This can be done strictly enforcing a set of rules(syntax) regarding the declarations f variables, program structure, and flow of control.
Elements of the Program -smallest parts of the program that have separate and identifiable meaning. Four classes of Elements 1. Reserved words 2. Identifiers 3. Constants 4. symbols
Program Structure Headings - is the first statement in our program. It consists of a reserved word program then followed by the program name. Declarations - The declarations part in our program consists usually with the list of variables. Variables are memory location (address) which can assign a specific name. example: No, Sum, Area, Max or Min Constants are assigned values that we specify to a particular name. Example: Pi = 3.1416 Interest=0.3; Hours work= 8; Labels are used to mark points in some part of the program.
Basic Data types f Pascal Data Type Meaning Integer an integer data type is a whole number. This number could be positive or negative number. Example: 9 300 34 Real a real data type is a number with fractional part or a number with decimal point Example: 1.0 1777.456 3.1416
Character - is a single letter, a special symbol or digit that are enclosed within a single quotation marks. ex. a Z 7 * % A Strings - is a sequence of two or more characters that are enclosed within a single quotation marks. ex. Ms Tin
Input/ Output Statements Writeln and write are the basic output statements of Pascal programming language. write- is usually used with the gotoxy() standard function to center the message or o specify the location where the message should be displayed on the screen.
Readln,read and readkey are the basic input statements of Pascal programming. Read command is used with the gotoxy() function. Readkey command is used to read a character from the keyboard without echoing a response or display on the screen.
Usually our program involves three main operations: INPUT operation in this part of our program we enter the needed data. Process operation the data we entered is being computed, evaluated, stored, or processed. Output operation is the last part of programoutput on the screen.
Input / Output Statements Writeln and write are the basic output statements of Turbo Pascal. The Write command is usually used with the gotoxy() standard function to center the message or to specify the location where the message should be displayed on the screen
Readln, read and readkey are the basic input statements of Pascal.Usually read command is used with the gotoxy() function. The readkey command is used to read a character from the keyboard without echoing a response or display on the screen. Usually, the application of readkey is used to replace readln statement before the end statement.
Example Algorithm: INPUT -Enter two numbers(N1,N2) PROCESS- Compute the Sum (Sum:=N1+N2) OUTPUT- Display the Sum(Sum)
Solution: program Add; uses crt; var N1,N2: integer; sum: integer; begin clrscr; writeln( Enter two numbers: ); readln(N1,N2); Sum:=N1+N2; writeln(The sum:,Sum); readln; End.
Shortcut Key F9 - run Alt+f9 compile F2 - file menu

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Turbo pascal

  • 1. TURBO PASCAL Pascal programming language was developed by Niklaus Wirth Swiss computer scientist in early 1970. This programming language is designed intentionally to teach structured programming concepts, principles, and paradigm future programmers. This can be done strictly enforcing a set of rules(syntax) regarding the declarations f variables, program structure, and flow of control.
  • 2. Elements of the Program -smallest parts of the program that have separate and identifiable meaning. Four classes of Elements 1. Reserved words 2. Identifiers 3. Constants 4. symbols
  • 3. Program Structure Headings - is the first statement in our program. It consists of a reserved word program then followed by the program name. Declarations - The declarations part in our program consists usually with the list of variables. Variables are memory location (address) which can assign a specific name. example: No, Sum, Area, Max or Min Constants are assigned values that we specify to a particular name. Example: Pi = 3.1416 Interest=0.3; Hours work= 8; Labels are used to mark points in some part of the program.
  • 4. Basic Data types f Pascal Data Type Meaning Integer an integer data type is a whole number. This number could be positive or negative number. Example: 9 300 34 Real a real data type is a number with fractional part or a number with decimal point Example: 1.0 1777.456 3.1416
  • 5. Character - is a single letter, a special symbol or digit that are enclosed within a single quotation marks. ex. a Z 7 * % A Strings - is a sequence of two or more characters that are enclosed within a single quotation marks. ex. Ms Tin
  • 6. Input/ Output Statements Writeln and write are the basic output statements of Pascal programming language. write- is usually used with the gotoxy() standard function to center the message or o specify the location where the message should be displayed on the screen.
  • 7. Readln,read and readkey are the basic input statements of Pascal programming. Read command is used with the gotoxy() function. Readkey command is used to read a character from the keyboard without echoing a response or display on the screen.
  • 8. Usually our program involves three main operations: INPUT operation in this part of our program we enter the needed data. Process operation the data we entered is being computed, evaluated, stored, or processed. Output operation is the last part of programoutput on the screen.
  • 9. Input / Output Statements Writeln and write are the basic output statements of Turbo Pascal. The Write command is usually used with the gotoxy() standard function to center the message or to specify the location where the message should be displayed on the screen
  • 10. Readln, read and readkey are the basic input statements of Pascal.Usually read command is used with the gotoxy() function. The readkey command is used to read a character from the keyboard without echoing a response or display on the screen. Usually, the application of readkey is used to replace readln statement before the end statement.
  • 11. Example Algorithm: INPUT -Enter two numbers(N1,N2) PROCESS- Compute the Sum (Sum:=N1+N2) OUTPUT- Display the Sum(Sum)
  • 12. Solution: program Add; uses crt; var N1,N2: integer; sum: integer; begin clrscr; writeln( Enter two numbers: ); readln(N1,N2); Sum:=N1+N2; writeln(The sum:,Sum); readln; End.
  • 13. Shortcut Key F9 - run Alt+f9 compile F2 - file menu
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